Investigating Stationary Waves (Practical)

Variables
Independent Variables (Changed) = Length, Tension, or mass per unit length
Dependant Variables (Measured) = Frequency of the first harmonic

Method
- Set up apparatus by attaching one end of string to vibration generator and the other end
over the bench pulley (secured to mass hanger).
- Adjust position of bridge to measure length between generator and bridge with ruler.
- Turn on generator to set the string oscillating.
- Increase frequency of generator until first harmonic is observed and record value.
- Repeat procedure with different lengths and frequency values twice to get an average.

Analysis
Wave speed = f x 2L (as wavelength is
equal to 2L in first harmonic)

Frequency = 0.5V(1/L) ( y=mx)

format
Y = Frequency (Hz)
X = 1/Length (m)
Gradient = 0.5 x wave speed (ms)

Plot a graph of mean values of F

against 1/L. Draw line of best fit and
double the gradient to get wave speed (ms).

Random Errors
Sharpness of resonance must be
resolved by adjusting frequency while
looking closely at node to observe
when first harmonic is achieved.
Systematic Errors
Greater resolution with larger length.
Signal generator must be left for 20
minutes for stabilization and oscilloscope
to be used to verify generator readings.