Tutorial -6

Thermodynamic Cycles
1. Define practical cycles and classify them with examples.
2. Explain the working principle of an ideal Brayton cycle. Sketch the cycle on P-v and T-s
diagrams and derive an expression for its efficiency in terms of pressure ratio.
3. Explain the working principle of an ideal Rankine cycle. Sketch the cycle on P-v and T-s
diagrams when the state of steam at boiler is saturated vapour and derive an expression for its
efficiency.
4. Sketch the ideal Rankine cycle on P-v and T-s diagrams when the state of steam at boiler is
superheated vapour.
5. Explain the working principle of an ideal Otto cycle. Sketch the cycle on P-v and T-s diagrams
and derive an expression for its efficiency in terms of compression ratio.
6. Explain the working principle of an ideal Diesel cycle. Sketch the cycle on P-v and T-s diagrams
and derive an expression for its efficiency in terms of compression ratio and cut -off ratio.
7. Explain the working principle of a vapour compression refrigerator cycle. Sketch the cycle on P-h
and T-s diagrams and derive an expression for its COP.

8. An ideal Brayton cycle has pressure ratio of 10. The temperature of air at compressor and turbine
inlets are 300K and 1200K respectively. Determine its thermal efficiency and the mass flow rate
of air required to produce net power of 800 MW. [Take γ=1.4, cp=1005 J/kgK]
9. In an air standard Brayton cycle the air enters the compressor at 0.18 MPa, 340C. The pressure
leaving the compressor is 2.3 MPa, and temperature in the cycle is 23500C. Determine
a. The pressure and temperature at each point of the cycle
b. The compressor work, turbine work, and cycle efficiency. [ Take γ=1.4, cp=1005 J/kgK,
cv=718J/kgK]
10. An ideal Brayton cycle has pressure ratio of 12. The pressure and temperature of air at
compressor inlet are 100kPa and 270C respectively. The maximum temperature during the cycle
is 12000C If the mass flow rate of air is 8 kg/s, determine the power output and efficiency of the
cycle. [Take γ=1.4, cp=1005 J/kgK]
11. In an ideal Brayton cycle, air enters the compressor at 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎 and 300 𝐾 and the turbine at
1000𝑘𝑃𝑎 and 1200 𝐾. Heat is transferred to the air rate of 30 𝑀𝑊. Determine the efficiency and
the power output of the plant.
12. Determine the efficiency of an ideal Rankine cycle operating between boiler of 1.6 MPa and
condense of 6 kPa. Steam leaves the boiler as saturated vapour.
13. The compressor ratio of an air standard Otto cycle is 8. At the beginning of the compression
process, the pressure and temperature of air are 100 kPa and 200C respectively. The heat added
per kg of air during the cycle is 2000kJ/kg. Determine:
a. The pressure and temperature at the end of each process of the cycle
b. The thermal efficiency
14. The compression ratio of an ideal Otto cycle is 8.5. At the beginning of the compression stroke,
air is at 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎 and 270𝐶. The pressure is doubled during the constant volume heat addition
process. Determine:
a. the heat added per kg of air,
b. the network output per kg of air,
c. the thermal efficiency
15. An ideal standard Otto cycle has a compression ratio 8 and before compression stoke has air at
100 kPa and 300 K. The peak pressure during cycle is 6000kPa. Determine
a. the peak temperature in the cycle
b. the temperature at the end of expansion stoke, and
c. the cycle efficiency
16. The pressure and temperature at the end of suction stoke of a standard diesel cycle are 100 kPa
and 270C respectively. Maximum temperature during the cycle is 16000C and the compression
ratio is 16. Determine:
a. The temperature at the end of the expansion stoke, and
b. The thermal efficiency
17. An air standard diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 22 and expansion ratio of 11. Determine
its cut off ratio and the efficiency.
18. Air at the beginning of compression stroke in an ideal Diesel cycle is at 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎 and 295 𝐾 and
the compression ratio is 20. Determine the maximum temperature during the cycle to have an
efficiency of 65 %.
19. An air standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio 18 and the heat transferred to the working
fluid per cycle is 1800kJ/kg. At the beginning of the compression process, the pressure is 0.1 mPa
and the temperature are 15 0C. Determine:
a. maximum pressure and temperature of the cycle
b. thermal efficiency, and
c. mean effective pressure.
20. An engine working on a diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 16 and the cut off ration take
place at 8% of the stoke. Determine its air standard efficiency. Also determine its efficiency when
compression ratio is 20.

Last date of submission: 2076/03/25