PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT: 4TH MID-QUARTER
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PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS OF
ADOLESCENTS
Interpersonal Attraction and Intimacy
Liking and Attraction
- Proximity
- Physical attractiveness
Love and Commitment
- Intimacy
- Passion
- Decision/commitment
Qualities of Healthy Relationship
- Mutual respect
- Trust
- Honesty
- Support
- Fairness/equality
- Separate identities
- Good communication
Three Variables of Commitment: (Rozenberg
Quarterly)
› Accumulation of all rewards of the
relationship – satisfaction, support,
sexual satisfaction, emotional, financial
and physical security and mutually
rewarding.
› Presence of alternative partners – the
presence of alternatives for another
partner can rock the relationship and
destabilize the commitment of a couple.
› Investments made by the couple in the
relationship – time spent together,
common beliefs and experiences, bearing
children.
Spoilers in Maintaining Commitment:
› Criticism – absence of unconditional
positive regard for each other in a
relationship.
› Denial of Existence of Conflict –
refuses to discuss about conflicts and
misunderstanding, belittling the problem.
› Contempt – there is an inferiority and
superiority present in the relationship.
1|Personal Development:4 th Mid-quarter
Responsibilities in a Relationship:
› Be responsible for what you think and say
› Be responsible for what you promise to do
or not do
› Ensure the relationship is mutually
beneficial
› Respect the other party
› Be ready to provide support when
needed.
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG
ADOLESCENTS
Differences of male and female
1. Independence vs. Connectedness
- Women were found to give more priority to
close, intimate relationship than men.
2. Social Dominance
- In every known culture, men are found to be
more dominant, driven, and aggressive.
3. Aggression
- Studies shows that men admit to more physical
aggression than women, but the gender difference
varies depending on the context.
4. Sexuality
- Men, whether gay or straight, are more likely to
initiate sexual activity compared to women.
Social Relationship - Tend to be less intimate
with lesser self-disclosure involved, but still may
be exclusive and may demand certain levels of
loyalty
Normative influence - Involves evaluating our
opinions by comparing our views with others’.
Group polarization - Is the phenomenon wherein
people often associate with those whose attitude
are similar to their own, which tends to intensify
shared attitudes.
Varieties of Social Influence
1. Compliance - When a person seems to
agree and follows what is requested him
 or her to do or believe in but not
necessarily to agree or believe.
2. Identification - When a person influence
by someone he or she likes or looks up
to.
3. Internalization - When a person is able
to own a certain belief or act and is willing
to make it known publicly and privately.
4. Conformity - Change in behavior, belief
or thinking to be like others.
5. Conversion - An individual
wholeheartedly changes his or her
original thinking and beliefs, actions and
attitudes to align with those of other
members of a group.
6. Minority influence - Happens when a
bigger number of people are influenced
by a much smaller number of people.
7. Reactance - When there is a willing
rejection of a social influence being
exerted on an individual or group.
8. Obedience - A person follows what
someone tells him or her to do, although it
may not necessarily reflect the person’s
set of beliefs or values.
9. Persuasion - Used by one person or
group to influence another to change their
beliefs, actions, or attitudes by appealing
to reason or emotion.
Definition of Love
• A strong feeling of affection and concern
toward another person
• A strong feeling of affection and concern
for another person accompanied by
sexual attraction.
• A feeling of devotion toward God
• A feeling of kindness or concern by God
or God toward humans
• Sexual desire or activity: the pleasure of
love
Intimacy - Absolute human certainty that no one
can know his own beauty or perceive a sense of
his own worth until it has been reflected to him.
Commitment - An act of deciding to consistently
fulfill and live by agreements made with another
person. Commitment in a love relationship is
expressed continuously in caring and loving
actions for the beloved.
Passion - Intense state of being that drives and
consumes a person to pursue an interest, a
vision, or a person. In terms of romantic love,
passion connotes sexual attraction, as well as
intimacy.

Theories about Leadership

1. Trait Theory - Defines leadership based

on certain personality traits which are
generally suited for all leaders.
2. Behavioral - Presupposes that leadership
is a learned behavior and that leaders are
defined according to certain types of
behavior they exhibit.
3. Participative Theory - Involves other
people to make common decisions.
4. Situational Theory - Assumes that there
is no one style of leadership and that
leadership behavior is based on the
factors present in a situation.
5. Transactional Theory - Involves
transaction or negotiation of resources or
position, and usually employs reward and
punishment.
6. Transformational Theory - Involves a
vision, which is a leader use to rally
support from followers and the role of the
leader is in motivating others to support
the vision and make it happen.
2|Personal Development:4 th Mid-quarter
THE FAMILY AND THE ADOLESCENT
Family Types, Structures and Composition
Family Types
• Nuclear Family - Also called as a traditional
family, typically consists of two married
parents and their biological or adopted
children all living in the same residence and
sharing the values, duties, and responsibilities
of the family.
• Single Parent Family - May consist of either
the mother or the father as the head of the
home and their dependent children.
• Extended Family - Can also be called a
complex family, joint family, or multi-
generational family. This type of family
includes other relatives other than just the
parents and their children.
• Childless Family - Just the couple without
any child or children and who may be living all
by themselves. They may or may not have
household help assisting around the house.
Family Influences
The family is the very first social unit that a child is
exposed to. From birth to adulthood, it is the
family who provides care and nurturance. Thus,
its influence on one’s attitudes, values, and beliefs
are great.
During the adolescent years, the influence of
friends and peers become powerful. They
sometimes listen to their friends more than their
parents.
3|Personal Development:4 th Mid-quarter
Parenting Styles
• Authoritarian – focus on obedience,
punishment over discipline.
• Authoritative – create positive relationship,
enforce rules.
• Permissive – don’t enforce rules, “kids will be
kids.”
• Uninvolved – provide little guidance,
nurturing or attention.
Genogram - A graphical map of a family’s history
that traces and illustrates patterns in its structure
and characteristics using special symbols to
describe relationships, major events, diseases,
traditions, social and personal beliefs and rituals,
cultural heritage, religious beliefs, value systems,
philosophies about life and the dynamics of a
family over several generations.
Possible Traits to Trace Family:
• Physical Characteristics such as skin tone,
shapes of eyes, nose and ears, hair type,
baldness, disease tendencies and etc.
• Genetic or external factors such as artistic,
musical, or literary abilities, sports abilities
and personality traits.
• Social and economic backgrounds such as
occupation or careers, educational level, club
memberships, school affiliations, political
affiliations and others.
• Religious values including religious
affiliations, religious practices and religious
beliefs.
• Family values like family cohersion,
exclusivity, educational attainment, respect for
elders, etc.
• Cultural background such as provincial
origins, languages or dialects spoken. Social
skills like table manners, family traditions, how
family members got their names.
How to make Genogram
1. Ask yourself this first question: What is my
purpose in creating a genogram?
2. Determine the number of generations you
would like to be represented.
3. Start making your research.
4. Design your genogram.
5. Connect the symbols with lines.
6. Use representative symbols for different
height categories.
7. Look at the chart and identify if there are
patterns.