I IVER: PROFESSIONAL! B Suton Grown are Sra sym 208 n 2108, Si al Jt ‘Subject: NAME - 403, Dynamics of Marine Vehicle Time: 3.00 hours Full Marks: 180 INSTRUCTIONS: Use SEPARATE answer scr t ipts for each section. Answer any THREE questions from each section out of FOUR. igures in the margin indicate full mark ‘Assume reasonable data if necessary. ‘Symbols used have their usual meanings. {Question No, 21s compulsory. Answor any two from the remaining In Question No. is compulsory. Answer any two from the remaining in Question —1 Question -2 Question -3 Question —4 Iain with sketches, the steps for determining the ship motion in SECTION-A, 1. Discuss the governing equations and boundary conditions needed 10 forte fmaaton of octzs! wee maton b. Develop the dispersion relation for a wave ata specific depth of 10 water. . Formulate thatthe total energy per unit area of the wave surface is 10 ‘proportional othe square of wave amplitude. Demonstrate analytfally the expression forthe forced pitching 30 motion of a ship in celm water and hence show that the jation factor and phase angle between exciting moment and ing motion can be expressed respectively a; Develop the expression for encountering frequency of a vessel ‘moving in a regular wave train. ’. Solve the following mathematical problem: ‘A 5008 long ship is proceeding through a regular train of waves at ‘an angle of 40° to the line of wave crests. The bow of the ship meets the successive waves every 15 sec and a wave erst takes 10 ‘see to pass fom bow to stem. Find the speed ofthe speed. a. Expl 10 an irregular seaway spectrum, b. Determine the amplitude of heaving motion ofa ship , where the following values are given for the ship; L450 ft; Breadth, B= 70ft; Water plane coeficient , Cup = 98 Displacement , A= 12500 tons; Water density , p= 1,99 Ib "i; Encountering frequency , o = 1.18 rad/see; Wave amplitude , (= 10 ft; for heaving is 80% of the actual mass of the ship. ‘under the consideration of broadness of the 0 ‘The added mass ‘The non-dimensional damping coefcient SE ‘The non-dimensional exciting force for heaving , a =0.17 Page 1 of Pei oe Scanned with CamScannerene i i Jocity of a ship without i jon for relative bow velocity °F ! withou i Dee asco bul undergoing heaving and pitching motions in regular head waves. b. Fora ship the distributions of relative bow motion in an imegular seaway has been given as : 0, [04 [060,08 ]10 [12 [14 16 [18 [20 ft ie 0 Tops 1 [is [6 143/63 [4 ©, i sec) Find the Fequency of deck wetness for a 4008 ship with an effective freeboard o 24f, given in the area under the relative motion spectrum mg, = 734 Question - 6 a. Describe in detail how the effect of statical swell up of water and 4 dynamic swell up of water are taken into consideration for determining of effective freeboard at the bow. ’. Prove that, for a V-shaped wedge section encountering slamming 1 has no effect acceleration on impact during slamming. Question —7 ‘a. With suitable sketch of coordinate systems, explain the coordinate 3 system and develop the equations of motion for surge, sway and yaw of a ship in horizontal plane and hence derive the criteria for ‘maintaining straight line stability in case of ship maneuvering Question -8 ‘a, With sketches describe various kinds of motion stability of a | surface ship. b. Draw a 20°/20° schematic diagram of zigzag maneuver and define | all the terms associated with it. Scanned with CamScannerTime: 3.00 hours OE i 2 Subj IE 403, Dynamics of Marine Vehi INSTRUCTION: Use SEPARATE answer scripts for each section, Question - 1 in Section A and Question -§ in Section B are compulsory. ‘Answer any OTHER TWO questions from EACH section. Figures in the margin indicate full marks. ‘Assume reasonable data if necessary. ‘Symbols used have their usual meanings. Full Marks: 180 ee ‘SECTION-A fy Question—1 (Compulsory) a Develop the dispersion relation for a wave at a specific depth of water, '. Formulate thatthe total energy per unit area of the wave surface is Proportional tothe square of wave amplitude. Question —2 Develop the expression for encountering frequency of vessel moving in a regular wave train, ', A 5008 long ship is proceeding through a regular train of waves at ‘an angle of 40° to the line of wave crests. The bow of the ship meets the successive waves every 15sec, and a wave crest takes 10 sec to ‘pass from bow to stern. Find the speed of the ship. Question -3 \_ pe stored pn ste vig pa: = 100m, B= 18m, T= 4m, KG=5m BMr=6.75m, BM, = 208m : The sectional added mass can be estimated as “=. For estimating rigid body of moment of inertia, consider the transverse and longitudinal radii of gyration 0.4B and 0.25L respectively. Neglecting roll and pitch added amount of inertia, estimate the _[ ature heave, pit ‘and roll period of the pontoon. Question — 4 ‘a. Explain what you mean by a ‘fully developed sea’ and a ‘partially developed sea’. ». With sketches, explain the steps for determining the ship motion in an imegular seaway under the consideration of broadness of the spectrum, Scanned with CamScanner 1s 30 2Question -5 a Question - 6 Question-7 a Question -8 * Staical swell-up of water Is (Compulsory) i locity of @ ship without H on frre bow VEOE Oo bets an oe ing eaving and pitching motions in regular head waves. what do you undesand by Deck Were and Slamming? How the ‘accounted for’ determining the effective freeboard at the’ ‘The following values are given fr 8 SP in waves: Ship length, L= 4508 ‘Wave length, Lw= 4208 2 itance of ow fom sip CG = 2258 Vertical motion at bow, = 36.8 we cos(Wet + 0.15) ‘Water elevation at bow, &=10 cos(wet + 1.0712) Encounter frequency, We™ 1.20 ad/see ea ure the amplitude and phase angle of relative bow velocity. With sketches describe various kinds of motion stability ofa surface ship. .. Draw a 20°/20° schematic diagram of a Zigzag maneuver and define all the terms associated with it. ‘The svay and yaw manewering equations of motion of a ship i horizontal plane are given as follows: eat (m-Yg)i + (00% - Ys Yw+(Ye-mU)r GN + (aay - No Nw + (Ne~mgU)e Using above equations, derive the criteria for maintaining stra ine motion stability. The symbols have their usual cco eee Scanned with CamScannerTotal: 2.00 hours Section A: 1.00 hour Full Marks: 180, Section A: 90 INSTRUCTION: Use SEPARATE answer scripts for each . Question ~ 4 and Question ~ 4 (Viva Voss) Section A Answer any OTHER ONE question rom this Fr b. & ‘are compulsory. d. Figures in the margin indicate full marks. e f section (From Q-2 & Q- 3). Assume reasonable data if necessary, ‘Symbols used have their usual meanings. Se SECTION-A Question-1 (Compulsory) a. Formulate that the total energy per unit area of the wave surface is 12 proportional to the square ofthe wave amplitude. ‘. Prove that the path of particles in deep water is circular and in shallow 16 ‘ater is elliptical in shape. c. Describe the phenomenon named “smith effect” to take into of consideration the correction of pressure value under the crest & trough ofa wave. Question -2 A certain ship encountered two trains of regular waves of wavelength 30 300 and 600 f, respectively during its voyage in a beam sea. However, if the maximum wave slopes in the both cases were 5°, what were the amplitudes of rolling motion on those two occasions if the natural period of rolling ofthe ship is known to be 15 sec. Consider the motion to be both undamped and forced Question -3 ‘a. A model weighing 7.50 Ib should be ballasted to 11.50 Ib in order to. 30 have a displacement corresponding to that of the prototype. However, after ballasting the model, as shown in figure Q. No. 3, itis found that the pitching radius of gyration is 12 inch, whereas that ofthe prototype is 0.25 L. Iflength of the model L, is 5.0 ft and if the equal weights are to be equidistant from the CG so that the CG will remain atthe original Tocation, how far away from the CG should the weights be located. (Follow figure for Q. No. 3) Figure for Q.No-3 tion-4 (Compulsory) ws Mais allotted for Viva 30 Scanned with CamScanner0 nour Hee NAME 409, Dunamica of Main Vbiclen a Full Marks: 180 Section B: 1.00 hour INSTRUCTIONS: Use SEPARATE answer scripts for each section. a b. Question ~ § and Question ~ 8 (Viva Voce) in Section B are compul & Answer any OTHER ONE question fom tis secon (From Q-6 & ‘a-7), 4 f Figures in the margin indicate full marks, ‘Assume reasonable data if necessary. ‘Symbols used have their usual meanings. a ee eee SECTION-B Question—S (Compulsory) ‘Describe in detail, how the effect of statical swell up of water and 15 ‘dynamic swell up of water are taken into consideration for determining the effective freeboard a the bow. Define the probability of slamming ofa vessel. Describe in detail the 15 Kinematic conditions needed to be considered to investigate the ‘occurrence of slamming fora vessel Question - 6 Explain with sketches, the steps for determining the ship motion in an 15 ‘regular seaway under the consideration of broadness of spectrum, . The rolling amplitude (double, ie. peak 10 peak) of a ship in an 15 inmegular seaway were measured and results are presented in the table below: ‘Double Amplitade | Number of | Double Amplitude | Number of ‘ofRolling Angle | Occurrence | of Roling Angle | Occurrence (Deg) (Deg) 1 I i 3 2 4 12 2 3 T 1B 4 4 10 4 3 5 13 15 1 6 8 16 0 7 2 17 2 5 10 18 2 9 3 9 0 10 i 20 1 Find the average, significant, average of one tenth highest and average ‘of one-hundredth highest rolling mot ‘The following wave heights were recorded in a seaway over a 24 hr 30 period as follows: [Height (®t) 0-5 _] 5-10 [10-15 [15-20 | 20.25 [Number of Waves | 5600 [7200 | 1920 [960 _|320 Plot the wave height histogram along sith the theoretical Rayleigh distribution, Find the probaliy-ot ecurence for a wave height of 25 ft At Question-8 (Compulsory) ‘Marks allotted for Viva 30 Page 1 of 1 Scanned with CamScannerps : sl Use SEPARATE answer ‘Ull Marks: 249 ‘Seri ‘Answer any THREE ques PS fr ea, Fgutes in the margin'wegton® om eacn zion. 2 ecto b ficate > ful m. ‘Assume reasonable data if naga, "aTKS. a I at & Symbols used have their usual Tne it Question -2 ‘Question - 3 The circular wave frec the wavelength 2M & the wave number, kan I The maximum fluid partic it cea i ge a TH. The path of fluid particle atthe surface of the wave, IN. The path offi particle et 0.500 m below te sll water V. ‘The maximum pressure st 0.500 m below the si pall m below the still water ‘VI. The energy in the waves per unit surface area. VIL. The phase velocity, ¢, and the group velocity, C, of these ‘VIII. The time needed by this generated wave train to reach the other end of the tank. IX. The time between passing an observer along the tank side of ‘two successive wave crests. By means of a suitable sketch, explain the co-ordinate system end 38. develop the equations of motion for surge, sway and yaw of a ship ‘with the rudder not working and hence derive the criteria for + ‘maintaining straight line stability in case of ship manewveting. With sketches, describe various kinds of motion stability of @ 12 surface ship. ; li ic derivatives that ify the eight important linear hydrodynamic @ eel the S of ship manewering and expnin ti nagnitudes with sketches of relationships and J signs. Page 1 of3 — Scanned with CamScannerQuestion 6 4 diagram, Phases yh a definition G a. With « defn tne equations of motions at each ph im “ bp, Two desans 1, deseribe the three steady turning radius, posses ie following ae of dervatey Ye i, ea BN 4 tional stability (taight line) ¢ ‘te typ ‘SECTION-B ically the expression for forced heaving motion ofa gy iG heave show thatthe magnification factor and phe’? yb ting fre and th heave motion canbe expressed pei vty ‘where the symbols have their usual meanings. Following values are given for @ ship: = 8 Ship length L = 450 ft Breadth B= 70 ft GM, = 4508 Cyp=0.80 Kyo HOR 180 degree (head sea) “ Wave amplitude (= 10 ft p= 1.99 Ib-sec/ft* Displacement A = 12500 ton ‘, = 1.18 rad/sec ‘The added mass moment of inertia is 54% of the mass moment inertia ofthe ship. The non-dimensional damping coffient of pitching motion, 22 a4 aE The non-dimensional amplitude of pitching moment Mo, fe Tate 7 Determine: - 1. The amplitude of pitching motion 4 The phase angle between the exciting moment for pitching andthe Pitching motion. IL, The natural period of pitching, Pane 69 Scanned with CamScannerjon 7 Si i ques The following information for : i F Wave 5 i motion of a ship at sea sate 6 are givens “SY aNd RAO forroling 35 wg(see) g 05 To 7 7c (We 6.0 i 3 20 fie] 20.0 64 2.0 RAQ 0 38x10" r 0 0.47 x10" [025x107 |O.14x 10 Determine the significant rollin; i ing i Deena Bea 'g motion taking into account the broadness of question 8 a, What do you understand by Deck wetness and slamming? How the statical 15 sell of water is accounted for determining the effective freeboard at the ow? b. Following values are given for a ship: 20 Ship length = 550 ft Draught at station 2, T= 17.2 ft Ship speed, Vs = 10 knots 2 tMg5 = 605 2. mos = 305 ‘The sea state is 7. Predict the number of slams for this ship during a 30 minute operation [Given: Threshold velocity for a 520 ft ship is 12 f/sec] Scanned with CamScanner0 td ubject: aries Time: 3.00 hours atine Vohloto ree Full Marks: 210 a Us ne te ar a ome Spt for each section. & Figures inthe margi vest ots fom each secon out of FOUR, é mentee sin Indicate full marks, Question —1 ‘Question -2 Question -3 Symbols used have they oee22220 % Show that, if the linear dimensi i hat, if the ions of a ship and those of its 15 Geometrically similar model ar in the ratio of (lhe sale fet), the natural heaving period of the ship is VR times that of the model, b. A certain ship 450 £ long has a di radi of tig ong bas 8 displacement of 12500 tons and a 20 about the longitudinal axis of 308 ff, the if the coefficient for the roll damping moment is see and the added mass is 20% of the actual mass of ‘ansvers metapentric height is 5.79 ft. Fin the =a a ight is $.79 ft. Find the natural and damped 32000 ‘ular shaped pontoon has the following particulars: 20 (00 m, B= 18 m, T= 4 m, KG = Sm, BMr= 6.75 m, BML= 208 m The sectional added mass canbe estimated as 2" For estimating rigid body moment of inert, consider the transverse end longitudinal radii of gyration 0.43 and 0.25L respectively. Neglecting roll and pitch added moment of inertia, estimate the natural heave pitch and roll period ofthe pontoon, b. Following information are given: 15 Roll period, Ty = 15 see Ship speed, v=35 knots Waterline length, I= 900 ft Determine the heading of the ship relative to the waves when the largest rolling would béexpected. ically the expression for forced heaving motion of a 35 Fam water and hence show that the magnification factor and angle between exciting force and the heave motion can be Gresses respectively: a = and fan yaw 2h = tant 2 & = where the symbols have their usual meanings. Page 1 of 3 pig ne eR Scanned with CamScannerof wm of be he de pies s ram ei, eth pean Recs ng sone grag manera dene th» definition die ship, Determine the find the expression frst b. Drawa schematic diagram of all the terms associated with It ‘wetness and slamming? How the 4 for determining the effective Is meson ya oyu vest by desk statical swell-up of water is accounted freeboard at the bow? lowing values are given fore ship: 2» » Falewng Ship length = 550 Draught at station 2, T= 17.2.8 Ship speed, Vs = 10 knots 2 m= 605 2 may =305 ae “The se stat is 7, Predict the numberof slams for this ship during 30 minute operation, Given: Threshold velocity for a 5208 ship is 12 fisee Question -6 | “The following information for wave spectral density and RAO for 35 rolling motion of a ship at sea state 6 are given: 0 15 20) we sec") | 0. OS 1. $@) | 0-760 | 200 | 64 | 20 | tf-see) RAO | 0 DaTRIO® | O25KI0" | 0.14x10™ [deg?ift] Determine the ignifieant rolling motion taking into account the broadness of the response spectrum, axl Question -7 a. Explain what do you mean by a ‘filly developed sea’ and ‘partially 15 developed sea’. Also mention the implication of narrow band and wide band wave spectrum. b. With sketches, explain the steps for determining the ship motion in ‘an imegular seaway under the consideration of broadness of the spectrum, Question -8 2 BARS an apes ion for relative vertical bow motion of a ship 18 undergoing heaving and pitching motions without forward speed in regular head waves, b. The following values are given for a ship: Ship length, L=137.2m ‘Wave length, La 128.0m Head sea condition, 1 = 180° Distance of bow from ship CG, Wave height, hw = 6.10m Loaded draught, T = 7.62m Free board, F = 5.49m Ship speed, Vs = 20 knots Page 2 of 3 8.60m Scanned with CamScannerAlso given: Heave amplitude, 24% 1.524 m Pitch amplitude, 6, = 0.15 radian Heave phase angle, 6: = —40° Pitch phase angle, c9= 15° Determine the vertical motion of the bow, Scanned with CamScannerquestion —1 What is grou 4 wave EXP "0? Dv of grou wave veloc D. Consider a fixed With water to dpa 8 thi Show that, 9 ~AtoSUK(h)) i. This velocity potential sts Laplace 7 ml piped pate ‘boundary condition atthe btm ft ks sas il, The expression for wave elevation athe. a function ofleaonandtine SES Question -2 & Show at it the linear dimensions of a ship end thote of i - ensions of se of is AS ometrically similar mode are in the ratio of (the scale act) ‘the natural heaving psig ofthe sips Vi tines tat of he mode, b. Following values ae given fora ship: ‘Length, L=450 Breadth, B=70 ft Cye=0.80; Displacement, A=12500 tons PFL99 Ibsec"'; o—=1.18 radisec ‘Wave amplitude, = 10 ft ‘The added mass for heaving is 80% ofthe actual mass of the ship. The non-dimensional damping coefficient, b fi =1.0 F The non-dimensional exciting fore for heaving, Determine the amplitude of heaving motion ofthe shi 7 Question -3 4 ‘a. A rectangular shaped pontoon has the following particulars: » L=100m B= 18m Te4m KG=5m BMy=6.75m ‘The sectional added mass can be estimated as Forcing vigid body moment of ini see seer tudinal radii of gyration 0 . i Negectng oll and pitch added moment of inertia, estimate ‘natural heave, pitch and rol period of the pontoon. Page 1of3 | —— J Scanned with CamScannerton are given [ Fallon afr TS 2 4 5 kn entre =n 900 ip rltve fo the WaVES WED the Determine the beading of he Iargest rolling would be © ton = 4 Geen Prove 7 where symbols have tel sual meanings: Fora ship see of 12 knots in ead waves te heave RAO" res fl follows 6 _[o7_[08 Tos acai Ft F tas [oss [oer 1025 Tors The specrum ofthe wave system as measured BY wave buoy i ay follows: ee, aa Joa [os [os [07 Tos e(ee foo 11.90 1323 1285 [210 [149 Detemine the heave response spectrum and the significant heave amplitude. SECTIONB Question 5 ‘a. Derive an expression for relative bow velocity of a ship without b sue. undergoing heaving and pitching motions in 4 The following values are given fora ship in waves: ; Ship length, L=450 ft Wave length. Ly=420 ft & distance of bow from ship CG =225 y Vericl motion at bow, 2.= 368 a, cs (0.40.15) Water elevation at bow, (= 10 cos (o.t+1.07 Ia Encounter fequncy, y= 1.20 adsee Determine the ampli ‘he amplitude and phase angle of relative bow velocity. ‘Question 6 a The . son 2a maneuvering equations of motion of a ship in ” tal plane are given as follows: (m- Yo)i+ (xy ¥,}é ‘Yw+(¥,- GNI a NTN cea a fe above equations, derive the criteria for maintaining ¢ motion Stability, The Symbols have their usual Page 2. of 2 Scanned with CamScanner_ [ p, Two designs possess the following values of derivatives: . : : 7 e 1s Dead pS op ae fal A | 036 |" -0.07 | 0.06—[ 947 Ud B_| -026 | 010 {0.01 | -903-} a0 Comment on the straight line motion stabili of the two desi Assuming both designs are 100 m a poe long, how far are the points forward of the centers of the gra ci vity? The symbols usual meanings. iy? The symbols have qecstionT ee a : a. With a suitable diagram, describe the tuming path of a ship and 9 explain different numerical measures associated with it. . Clarify the three phases of turn of a ship and hence determine- i, Equations of motion at each phase. ‘ ii, Expressions for yew acceleration and sway acceleration at the first phase. 6 iii, Expressions for steady sway velocity and yaw rate at the : third phase, iv, Expressions for steady tuning radius and drift angle, uestion 8 : cana Wid « nit witch give a description of the Dieudonne Spiral " Maneuver. b. Draw a 20%20° Schematic diagram of Zigzag Maneuver and define 18 all the terms associated with it. Scanned with CamScanneree Full Marke: 210 ee for each section, ni Margin neat ato fOUR Hm each econ able data if necessa ‘sed have thelr usu; Jal meanings, ee Group wave? Derive analytically thee me pression of a ” Orang mY Hn water of any depth Hence baie xeon AU Broup wave velocity in deep water and tallow waite b. Consider a fixed rectangular tank wi oi with a breadth 26 partly filled = 18 Ta me fo a depth The id is moving inthe (epoca ont {he yan in il Water plan and zens vetely od men ‘osity potential of the wave i this tank gi 9= Acosh {kh a st ‘ M{k(h¥2)}.cos(ky).cos(at) ‘This velocity potential satisfies Laplace equation, ji, The boundary condition at the bottom ofthe tank is satisfied. Determine: ‘The expression for wave elevation at the free surface as a fimetion of location and time, Show that ifthe linear dimensions of a ship and those of its 18 ‘Seometrically similar model are in the ratio of (the scale factor), the natural heaving period ofthe ship i Vi. times that ofthe model. b. Following ven fora ship: » Length, 450 fi; Breadth, B=T0 f Cye=0.80; Displacement, A=12500 tons .99 bsecZR; ac=1.18 rdsee ‘Wave amplitude, t= 10 ft ‘The added mass for heaving is 80% of the actual mass of the ship. ‘The non-dimensional damping coefficient, b (e- 1.70 ‘The non-dimensional exciting force for heaving, f= —" = 0.17 eat Determine the amplitude of heaving motion of the ship. Question -3 . A rectangular shaped pontoon has the following particulars: 0 B=18m Te4m BMr=6.75 m BM,=208 m ‘The sectional added mass can be estimated as °°, For estimating rigid body moment of inertia, consider the transverse and longitudinal radii of gyration 0.4 B and 0.25 L respectively. Neglecting roll and pitch added moment of inertia, estimate the natural heave, pitch and rol period of the pontoon, Page 1 of 3 Scanned with CamScannerven 1. Rollowing information ae ie 7 Roll Period, Ty=15 86¢ knots Ship speed, v=38 Waterline lengthy Lo sen when te Determine the heading of the ship reatve to the Wa Tergest rolling would be expected- uestion = 4 ° Prove that S(o)= jr usual meanings. where symbols have the ; bi. Fora ship speed of 12 knosin head waves, he heave RAO's areas follows: oF a5 Jos _[o7 [os [ae —Frer trar oss oar Laas Las The spectrum ofthe wave system as measured by wave buoy is as follows: wa [os [os [or [os Boe {a9 figs 3.25 2.85 ]2.10 [1.40 Bi@@’) ! Determine the heave response spectrum and the significant heave amplitude. ‘SECTION-B Question S ‘2. Derive an expression for relative bow velocity of a ship without forward speed but undergoing heaving and pitching motions in regular head waves. . The following values are given for a ship in waves: Ship length L=450 ft Nees = distance of bow fom ship CG= 225 Vertical motion at bow, 25= 36.8 a, c0s (at+0.15) ‘Water elevation at bow, &y = 10 cos (wgt+1.071n) Encounter frequency, a, = 1.20 rad/see Determine the amplitude and phase angle of relative bow velocity. Question 6 a eee raat cautions of motion of a ship in ie EEN. Usi ss . 4 te fon Tas oe alg es ag Scanned with CamScanner Is Is 515 mi O12 0.03[~0i0 Comment on the straighs 1; ii e eh line motion stability ofthe two desi suming both design are 190°0°% ta Points forward of tog 100 lon, tow trees usual mean, of the gravity? The symbols have straig Question 7 f a. With a suitable di Ast em describe the tuming path of a ship and cxplain different numerical measures assoote with it, . Clarify the three phases of tum ofa ship and hence determine- i. Equations of motion at each phase. Poo, 4 Expressions for intial yaw acceleration and sway acceleration atthe first phase. iil, Expressions for steady sway velocity and yaw rate at the third phase. aa iv, Expressions for steady turing radius and drift angle, Question 8 a . With a suitable sketch give a description of the Dieudonne Spiral 7 Maneuver. i 18 b, Draw 2 20%/20° Schematic diagram of Zigzag Maneuver and define all the terms associated with it. Scanned with CamScanner