Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Gusmiadirrahman
(Kepala Subdirektorat Kerja Sama Internasional Kepabeanan dan Cukai III)
TRADE AGREEMENTS
Trade Agreements
Trade agreements play a catalytic role in enhancement of trade
between partners by helping them leverage their mutual
complementarities and providing greater access to each other’s Unilateral Arrangements
industries. The country offering the preference removes or lowers
import tariffs on imports from these countries without
obtaining the same preferences in return. Such arrangements
Benefits of trade agreements focus usually only on trade in goods.
Boosts Economic Growth Contoh:
Particularly in the form of generation of more job opportunities, lower Generalised Scheme/System of Preferences (GSP), a
unilateral preference programme by many developed
unemployment rates, and market expansions. Also, since trade countries (e.g. US, EU) to a number of developing and
agreements usually come with investment guarantees, investors who least developed countries.
want to invest in developing countries are protected against political
risk. Reciprocal Arrangements
Increasing Volume of Trade Members offering the preferential access to markets and
Enjoy greater incentives to trade in new markets, due to attractive removes barriers to trade on reciprocal basis. In addition to
trading conditions and policies which included in the agreements. trade in goprovisions as well as remove both tariff and
Quality and Variety of Goods non-tariff barriers to trade. They can also include a range
As they gain access to new markets, the competition becomes more of provisions on customs cooperation and trade facilitation
as well as harmonise standards and encourage regulatory
intense. The increased competition compels businesses to produce higher
cooperation in various areas.
quality products. It also leads to more variety for consumers. When Contoh:
there is a wide variety of high-quality products, businesses can improve Free Trade Agreements (FTA), Comprehensive Economic
customer satisfaction. Partnership Agreement (CEPA), etc.
2 ASEAN – China FTA 2005 2 Indonesia – Korea CEPA 1 Indonesia – South African Customs
3 ASEAN – Korea FTA 2007 3 Indonesia – Mozambique PTA Union (SACU)
Indonesia – Palestine (MoU on Trade Facilitation 6 Indonesia – Taiwan PTCA 8 Indonesia – MERCOSUR
3 2019
for Certain Products) 7 Indonesia – UAE CEPA 9 Indonesia – Peru FTA
4 Indonesia – Chile CEPA 2019 8 Indonesia – EU CEPA Indonesia – Ecuador
10
5 Indonesia – Australia CEPA 2020 9 Indonesia – Canada CEPA 11 Indonesia – Colombia PTA
Total Utilisasi FTA – (Dokumen impor) Total Utilisasi FTA – (Nilai Devisa)
120,000,000,000
AHKFTA
Indo-Palestine
100,000,000,000
ICCEPA
IPPTA 80,000,000,000
AJCEP
60,000,000,000
IACEPA
AANZFTA 40,000,000,000
AIFTA
AKFTA 20,000,000,000
IJEPA
-
ATIGA
ACFTA
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
1 ACFTA 215.886 47,04% 297.071 52,75% 327.915 54,99% 311.178 57,64% 346.015 56,50%
2 ATIGA 139.348 30,36% 148.155 26,31% 152.900 25,64% 130.292 24,13% 144.267 23,56%
3 IJEPA 47.675 10,39% 52.027 9,24% 46.699 7,83% 34.666 6,42% 44.543 7,27%
4 AKFTA 28.536 6,22% 31.768 5,64% 32.400 5,43% 29.154 5,40% 33.799 5,52%
5 AIFTA 15.794 3,44% 21.064 3,74% 22.405 3,76% 17.678 3,27% 21.889 3,57%
6 AANZFTA 11.042 2,41% 12.219 2,17% 12.876 2,16% 13.790 2,55% 13.927 2,27%
9 IPPTA 657 0,14% 762 0,14% 796 0,13% 395 0,07% 588 0,10%
Total 458.938 100% 563.131 100% 596.364 100% 539.895 100% 612.434 100%
Source: Executive Information System
DIREKTORAT JENDERAL BEA DAN 9
CUKAI
FTA’s UTILISATION IN INDONESIA – IMPORT PERSPECTIVE
Tabel 4– Trend Share FTA terhadap Nilai Devisa Impor (USD)
periode 2017 s.d. 2022 per Skema
Nilai Devisa (USD)
No Jenis FTA
2017 % Share 2018 % Share 2019 % Share 2020 % Share 2021 % Share
1 ACFTA 14.839.138.197 37,95% 21.625.781.104 42,59% 22.315.341.967 44,98% 18.727.989.151 48,41% 26.314.932.129 46,50%
2 ATIGA 13.087.399.524 33,47% 15.258.780.681 30,05% 14.680.589.835 29,59% 10.359.087.781 26,78% 14.050.097.566 24,83%
3 IJEPA 5.577.108.477 14,26% 6.910.745.437 13,61% 6.176.078.724 12,45% 3.661.190.974 9,46% 5.878.204.842 10,39%
4 AKFTA 2.583.841.993 6,61% 2.865.117.032 5,64% 2.624.567.786 5,29% 1.947.680.983 5,04% 3.079.219.697
5,44%
5 AIFTA 1.222.054.636 3,13% 1.813.191.078 3,57% 1.549.489.398 3,12% 1.175.682.616 3,04% 2.081.267.882 3,68%
6 AANZFTA 1.734.700.920 4,44% 2.227.273.484 4,39% 2.146.481.530 4,33% 2.230.329.946 5,77% 3.594.125.198 6,35%
7 IACEPA 0,00% - 0,00% - 0,00% 428.083.921 1,11% 1.291.960.696
- 2,28%
8 AJCEP 0,00% 6.813.285 0,01% 27.262.129 0,05% 80.328.365 0,21% 149.863.888
- 0,26%
9 IPPTA 58.261.817 0,15% 70.603.904 0,14% 89.197.203 0,18% 50.332.100 0,13% 98.572.032 0,17%
10 ICCEPA 0,00% - 0,00% 2.102.918 0,00% 19.893.713 0,05% 50.620.892
- 0,09%
11 Indo-Palestine 0,00% - 0,00% 678.032 0,00% 1.689.892 0,00% 1.187.721
- 0,00%
12 AHKFTA 0,00% - 0,00% - 0,00% - 0,00% 4.893.405
- 0,01%
Total 39.102.505.564 100,00% 50.778.306.005 100,00% 49.611.789.521 100,00% 38.682.289.444 100,00% 56.594.945.949 100,00%
Source: Executive Information System
DIREKTORAT JENDERAL BEA DAN 10
CUKAI
FTA’s UTILISATION IN INDONESIA – IMPORT PERSPECTIVE
Tabel 5 – Trend Negara Asal FTA terbesar periode 2017 s.d. 2021
Negara Asal FTA Terbesar
Nilai Devisa (USD)
No. Nama Negara
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
INDIA
1 CHINA 14.784.030.028 21.545.193.920 22.231.305.555 18.670.284.313 26.220.825.809
AUSTRALIA
2 THAILAND 6.464.582.638 7.582.476.489 6.815.880.712 4.590.845.506 6.343.882.417
VIET NAM
3 JAPAN 5.586.495.598 6.925.924.791 6.204.302.164 3.746.568.409 6.030.598.400
SINGAPORE
Utilisasi FTA terbesar berdasarkan Komoditas Impor (HS Code 2 digit) Tabel 6 – Komoditas Impor terbesar dengan skema FTA periode 2017 s.d. 2021
40,000,000,000
HS Nilai Devisa
No. Uraian
CODE
35,000,000,000
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
1 84 Reaktor Nuklir, Ketel, 6.370.305.206 8.581.555.559 8.178.078.486 5.963.477.317 8.656.315.779
30,000,000,000 Mesin dan Peralatan
Mekanis; Bagian
Daripadanya
25,000,000,000
2 39 Plastik dan Barang 3.746.011.651 4.740.494.204 4.651.586.174 3.546.498.516 5.475.888.510
Daripadanya
20,000,000,000 3 85 Mesin dan 3.207.575.724 4.183.297.974 4.111.125.859 3.389.613.285 4.671.375.664
Perlengkapan Elektrik
15,000,000,000 Serta Bagiannya,
Perekam dan
Pereproduksi Suara
10,000,000,000 4 87 Kendaraan Selain yang 3.914.139.665 5.073.191.582 4.522.955.584 2.460.530.057 4.148.329.466
Bergerak Di atas Rel
5,000,000,000 Kereta Api atau Trem
5 72 Besi dan Baja 2.646.347.649 3.044.902.598 3.300.471.328 2.021.521.275 3.340.712.850
- 6 27 Bahan Bakar Mineral, 1.076.469.485 1.442.689.787 1.363.875.561 1.070.059.919 2.378.744.076
84 39 85 87 72 27 29 17 Minyak Mineral dan
Produk Sulingannya, Zat
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Mengandung Bitumen,
Malam Mineral
7 29 Bahan Kimia Organik 1.516.780.198 1.845.871.603 1.628.621.353 1.448.243.933 2.353.517.953
Tarif
Preferensi
*CO: Certificate
of Origin
✔ Dalam hal ini, importir harus mendeklarasikan bahwa produk
*ODD: Origin
Declaration tersebut telah memenuhi origin criteria, based on their knowledge.
Sumber: Japan Adapun verification/retro akan ditujukan ke importir.
Customs Tariff ✔ Posisi Indonesia adalah terbuka untuk menyusun pengaturan terkait
Bureau
Importer’s Knowledge pada level domestik
✔ Indonesia telah menerapkan Deklarasi Asal Barang pada skema ATIGA untuk
Eksportir Tersertifikasi (ES), IACEPA untuk Eksportir Teregistrasi (ER), dan
IECEPA untuk semua eksportir.
DIREKTORAT JENDERAL BEA DAN
CUKAI
TREN KEBIJAKAN FTA
Penyerahan SKA Setelah Importasi / Post Importation Claim (PIC)
✔ Hanya Indonesia, Cambodia dan Myanmar yang tidak (belum) menerapkan ketentuan post importation claim, dan tetap mewajibkan SKA untuk
disampaikan di awal.
✔ Indonesia sedang dalam tahap penyusunan RPMK Tata Cara Penyerahan SKA untuk mengakomodasi isu ini.
DIREKTORAT JENDERAL BEA DAN
CUKAI
TREN KEBIJAKAN FTA
Eksportir
SKA Elektronik (E-Form) yang
berlaku di Indonesia SistemINSW
NSW Negara
Pengekspor
E-Form D (ATIGA)
Implementasi pada tahun 2019
CEISA DJBC
E-Form E-Form AK (AKFTA) Importir
Implementasi pada
1 Februari 2020 Instansi Penerbit SKA
di Negara Pengekspor
E-Form E (ACFTA)
Implementasi pada
15 Oktober 2020 Manfaat E-Form:
Lebih cepat
Lebih murah
Pasti valid (tidak palsu)
Menghindari notul karena terlamat menyerahkan SKA
Keikutsertaan Indonesia dalam FTA makin meningkat Pembahasan topik terkait teknis kepabeanan dan
Trend Utilisasi FTA cukai makin mengemuka
700,000 60,000,000,000 Persentase importasi FTA tahun
600,000 50,000,000,000 2021 telah mencapai 33,22% Isu dalam perundingan merupakan isu-isu terkait tugas dan
500,000
400,000
40,000,000,000
dengan nilai devisa preferensi fungsi unit Eselon II lainnya.
30,000,000,000
300,000
20,000,000,000 mencapai 29,27%. Perlunya peran aktif dan keterlibatan unit Eselon II lain di
200,000
100,000 10,000,000,000 Potensi penurunan penerimaan DJBC dalam pembuatan posisi runding DJBC, termasuk
- - proses implementasinya.
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 sektor Bea Masuk.
Tekanan ketentuan dalam FTA Adanya potensi diperlukan penyesuaian dalam UU Pabean
1 2 3 4 5
yang makin liberal. dan ketentuan domestik lainnya.
Jumlah dokumen Nilai Devisa
Tekanan liberalisasi dalam rangka trade facilitation Potensi pelanggaran dalam perdagangan
internasional makin meningkat
Adanya isu-isu baru yang muncul dalam perundingan dan
memerlukan koordinasi lintas sektor atau K/L, misal Ditemukannya SKA yang tidak diterbitkan oleh Instansi
remanufacture/refurbish goods, bea keluar, e-commerce, dll. Penerbit SKA di negara pengekspor (palsu/dipalsukan).
Adanya potensi perlunya penyesuaian dalam UU Pabean dan Adanya potensi perubahan pola rute perdagangan dengan
ketentuan domestik lainnya. diterapkanya BMTP/BMAD ke negara ASEAN.
@
stafdirjenbc@gmail.com 4890308 ext 769/3002
Untuk informasi lebih lanjut:
fta.beacukai.go.id
international.affairs3@customs.go.id
fta.indonesiancustoms@gmail.com
@beacukaiinternasional