What is Science?

WHEN WE THINK OF SCIENCE

Scientists in white lab coats

Laboratory’s equipments

Computers

Fat Textbooks
 Definition of Science

• “Science is the knowledge

gained from using
observations and experiments
to describe and explain the
world around us.”
 Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience means false
science. Pseudoscience is any scheme of
assertions, beliefs and methods, wrongly
considered as scientific. It differs from
antiscience in the nonattendance against real
science and the scientific method.
 Scientific Background

August Comte James Frazer

Argued that the scientific Develops a theoretical
knowledge has evolved as a Framework, which has
result of the historical argued that in history we
development of human
progress through various
brain , which has undergone
through three stages: ages:
Historical Background
* Theological Stage * The age of magic
Of Science
* Metaphysical Stage * The age of religion
* Scientific , positive, Stage * The age of science
 How Science Works ?
Science is different from many other ways of
learning because of the way it is done. Scientists
observe things, try to explain their observations,
and then conduct experiments to test their ideas.
This process is called The Scientific Method.

The Scientific Method involves a series of steps

that are used to investigate a natural occurrence.
 Scientific method steps
Observation Test hypothesis by experiment

Ask Questions Process Assemble Your Results

Construct a Hypothesis Try again if hypothesis is false

 Scientific method

1- Observation
In science observation can take many forms. Of course we
can make observations through our senses; seeing, feeling,
hearing, and smelling, but we can use tools that extend our
basic senses thermometers, microscopes, telescopes, radar,
radiation sensors, X-ray crystallography, mass spectroscopy
ect.
Observation is one of the most important tools for a
scientist. inspire, lend support to, and help refute scientific
hypotheses and theories.
 Scientific method
2- Ask Questions
Scientific method starts when you ask a
question about something that you observe. It
all starts by curoisity;
How, What, When, Who, Which, Why, or
Where?
 Scientific method
3 - Construct a Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a suggested explanation for
any phenomenon, natural or otherwise.
Hypotheses are different from theories in that
they are, in the scientific method, either proven
or disproven
The Difference Between Theory and Hypothesis

Theory Hypothesis

A theory, is an already undergone A hypothesis attempts to

extensive testing by various answer questions by
scientists and is generally accepted putting forth a plausible
as being an accurate explanation of explanation that has yet to
an observation. be rigorously tested.
 Scientific method
4- Test hypothesis by
experiment
Testing hypotheses and theories is at the core of the
process. Any aspect of the natural world could be explained in
many different ways. The experiment will test your hypothesis
and prove whether it is true or false.
The most important operation in testing your hypothesis is
to do the experiment many times, again and again, and again,
so that you make sure that the result of the first try wasn’t
an accident.
 Scientific method
5 - Assemble Your
Results
After you have tested your data several
times, now you need to decide if the data
support your original hypothesis or not.
Failed Succeeded
 Scientific method
6 – Try again
Scientists often find that their hypothesis was false,
and in such cases they will construct a new
hypothesis starting the entire process of the scientific
method over again. Even if they find that their
hypothesis was true, they may want to test it again in
a new way.

What did i miss?

 Objectivity in Science

One of the most important feature

that scientist must have is
Objectivity also known as scientific
spirit.
To be objective in science means to
deal with to subject as it is not as
how the scientist want to.
What Doesn’t Science Do !
The Things That Science Does Not Do

Science doesn’t make visual judgment

Science doesn’t make moral
judgment It can reveal how our eyes relay
information about color to our brain
It doesn’t tell you whether this is but it can not tell us whether the
right ,wrong, good, or bad painting or the song is beautiful or
dreadful.

Science doesn’t tell you how
to use scientific knowledge.
It helps us describe how the
world is, but we have to
decide how to use that
knowledge.
Science doesn’t draw conclusions about
supernatural.
Science doesn’t draw conclusions about
supernatural . Science can not answer what
are beyond the realm of nature for example
“Do God exist?” such question is matter of
personal faith and spirituality
Science Disciplines
 Science Disciplines
Formal science represent those
disciplines that deals with symbols and
theoretical ideas and their applications
in the real world. It includes computer
Formal
science , mathematics, and statistics.
Science
Discipline

Natural science is the
science that people
usually think when they Natural
hear the term. Natural
Science
science and its
subdisciplines are Discipline
referred as “hard
sciences”. It includes
biology, chemistry,
geology, and physics.
Three Broad
Categories of Social science, as its
name implies, is the
Science study of societies and
Social
the interactions within
Science
them. It is sometimes
Discipline
referred to as a “soft
science” . This category
includes anthropology,
psychology, and
sociology.
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