ACTIVITY

Title: Skipping Breakfast of High School Students

a. Major variable/s: Skipping breakfast
b. Sub-variable/s: Reasons why students skip break fast
c. Indicator/s: Does not have enough time; diet; does not feel hungry in the morning; not
in the mood for eating

ACTIVITY
Proposed study: Exploring the Perception of Grade 11 HUMSS Students about the Jeepney
Phase Out
Major Variable: Jeepney phase-out
Sub-variable/s: Perception about jeepney phase out
Indicators: determining the thoughts, ideas, and opinion about the policy in terms of; jeepney
as their primary mode of transportation, fare, culture, sustainability; effects on students; and
student’s concern regarding the policy.
Reference:
Kusuma, N. (2023). Is Jeepney Phase-Out a Just Transition to Sustainable Transport System? Green

Network Asia. https://greennetwork.asia/news/is-jeepney-phase-out-a-just-transition-to-

sustainable-transport-system/

Andalecio, A. B. P., Aquino, K. E. C., Cruz, C. M., De Guzman, A., & Kiong, N. S. (2020).

Implementation, challenges and stakeholders perception of modernized Jeepneys in Metro

Manila. Journal of Physics, 1529, 032067. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1529/3/032067

Malasique, A. M. P. (2022a). Analyzing the Implementation of the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization

Program (PUVMP) to the Employment of PUV Drivers in the Philippines. jiemar.org.

https://doi.org/10.7777/jiemar.v3i1.250

Francisco, K., & Helble, M. (2017). The Impact of Improved Transport Connectivity on Income,
Education and Health: The Case of the Roll-On/Roll-Off System in the Philippines. ADBI Working
Paper 792. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute.
Mettke C, Cruz M and Mariano P 2018 The Jeepney+ NAMA. Modernizing public transport in the
Philippines Int. Verkehrswes. 70.
Peña, K. D. (2023, March 4). Jeepney phaseout: It’s more than just new vehicles | Inquirer News.

INQUIRER.net. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1738024/jeepney-phaseout-its-more-than-just-new-

vehicles

IBON Foundation. (2019, September 30). High cost of jeepney modernization.

https://www.ibon.org/high-cost-of-jeepney-modernization/

IBON Foundation. (2017, December 11). PUV modernization should not burden drivers, commuters –

IBON. https://www.ibon.org/puv-modernization-should-not-burden-drivers-commuters-ibon/
ASSIGNMENT
Every artist has their own style of creating music or painting while every writer
has their own style of writing. However, in academic discipline, there are many types of
standard styles of writing which helps every writer create their piece in a logical and
organized manner. Standard style of writing refers to standard on the organization of
ideas, usage of words, and a proper way to form a piece of writing. Writing format are
important as it presents the author's ideas, perceptions, and opinions comfortably but
with uniqueness and arranging word distinctively.
In research, Modern Language Association (MLA) Style, American Psychological
Association (APA), and Chicago Style are the most common research writing style. As
stated by University of Washington, MLA style is mostly used in subjects about
humanities, particularly, in writing language and literature. This format uses brief in-text
citation. APA style on the other hand is used in social sciences (education and
sociology). This style is the most popular and known for its consistency that helps
authors (Colorado State University Global). Lastly, according to research guides,
Chicago Manual of Style, also known as Turabian style (CMS) is a documentation form
for writing that contains extensive rules.
As a researcher, I would be comfortable to use the American Psychological
Association style as it seems easier and simple. Additionally, according to Rasmussen
College, APA style provides clarity to papers on a more complex subject. Hence, this
makes the paper clearer and easier to comprehend. With this style, the flow of words,
ideas, and information are more organized and consistent. As a writer, consistency and
uniformity would help me create more sensible output that the readers could gain
something knowledgable.
Writing has never been an easy task. Each writer has their own way of writing
and this what makes them unique. Writing styles should never be underestimated as it
helps every writer create their masterpiece perfectly and assist readers to understand
the paper's thought flawlessly. How about you? What style would you use?
ACTIVITY
Indicators APA MLA CSW
Alignment Text flush left Text flush left Justify all text to the
left excluding
indentions
Font Serif font like Times 12-point font size and Always use serif font
New Roman, 12 point Times New Roman such as Times New
size font Roman for the
primary text and a
font size between 10-
and 12-point sizes
Indentions Indent paragraphs Indent first line of Indent paragraph
within the primary any paragraph by within the primary
text of the paper one- one-half inch from text by one half inch
half inch the left margin or 5 to 8 spaces
Margins 1-inch margin in four All four sides require 1 inch in all four
sides a 1-inch margin sides
Paper type 20-pound white paper 20-pound white paper 20-pound regular
that measure 8.5 by that measure 8.5 by white bond paper that
11 inches 11 inches is 8.5 by 11 inches
Punctuations Use single space after Follow all standard periods and commas
common punctuation punctuation marks go inside closing
marks like period or with one space quotation marks
comma
Spacing Double spacing Double space all of Double-space
the paper between block
captions, endnotes,
footnotes, heading,
and quotations
Titles Center the title on the Does not require Center all text with
title space with a separate title page horizontal and
combination of vertical alignment.
uppercase and Uppercase all the text
lowercase letter and double space
Page numbering Put it in the upper- Place it in the upper Arabic number every
right corner of the right corner of every page except for pages
page with only page while using that introduce the
Arabic numbers. Arabic numerals body text (copyright,
dedication page, and
table of contents)