Research 7

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH
AS YOU DRESS-UP: STUDENTS STANDPOINT ON THE ISSUE OF CROSS-

DRESSING AMONG THE MEMBERS OF GRADE 11 HUMSS LGBTQIA+
COMMUNITY
CULANGAN, AEDRIAN JOSH

FURIGAY, MARK EROLE
TABBU, AARON GABRIEL T.
TUMALIUAN, RONALD ANGELO M.
CAMAYANG, SOFIA KARYLLE
MAGGAY, CHARLENE JOICE C.
(11- HUMSS AESTHETIC)
Research Proponent
ELMER P. ANNANGA JR.

Position
Research Adviser
A Qualitative Research Submitted to

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) Strand
in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for Practical Research 1
Address: Bagay Road, San Gabriel, Tuguegarao City, 3500

Telephone Nos.: (078) 304-1923
Email Address: cnhs.tuguegarao@deped.gov.ph
Facebook: facebook.com/CNHS-SENIOR HIGH
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1
A. Overview or Background of the Problem 1
B. Conceptual Framework 4
C. Research Questions 5
D. Assumption of the Study 5
E. Scope and Delimitations 5
F. Significance of the Study 6
G. Definition of Terms 7
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 9
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
B. Research Environment
C. Discussion of Treatments
D. Research Instruments
E. Data Gathering Procedure
F. Data Analysis
G. References

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
A. Overview or Background of the Problem
People wear clothing in order to protect their bodies from the
environment and the climate. In addition, serves as decoration or
ornamentation. There is designed clothing for women which are described to
be feminine so does masculine which is designed for men.
Pertaining to cross-dressing, this is how we call the act of a person
wearing clothing and accessories meant for a different gender (Cloud, 2021).
Other style for this is the Androgyny; a distinct aesthetic temperament in cross-
dressers, breaks the social and physiological gender boundaries between men
and women to a certain extent, blurs the social distinctions between the sexes,
and increases public acceptance of the "cross-dressing" phenomenon. This can
serve as a paradigm for overcoming the dualistic oppositional gender
stereotype and attaining gender harmony. (Hao & Zi, 2019).
In our society people cross-dress has tended to have a bad reputation.
To further prove this claim, several Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender,
Queer, Intersex, Asexual (LGBTQIA+) community is still struggling and being
discriminated against for their Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and

Expression (SOGIE). This is because of the mockery of Lasallian athletes in
prep rally by wearing dresses or skirts and making gender expression a joke.
These are the situations regarding the current state about the act of
cross-dressing.
To better understand why people cross-dress, this research is being
done. The results of this study will help in determining whether cross-dressing
is simply appropriate or whether there are ethical considerations. The students’
point of view on this matter is given considerable attention to know how serious
the issue is.
Cross-dressing is an issue to the society wherein the main characters
regarding this life phenomenon are from the LGBTQIA+. Knowing the
standpoint of students in school could give conclusion to severity of this issue,
whether it is critical or not. The result of this research could further aid in finding
solutions to address the problem.

Two legal bases relating to the issue are:
1. DepEd Order No. 32, s 2017, Gender-Responsive Basic Education Policy
“seeks to enable the DepEd to undertake gender-mainstreaming in
education to address both enduring and emerging gender and sexuality-
related issues in basic education, to promote the protection of children from
all forms of gender-related violence, abuse, exploitation, discrimination, and
bullying, and to promote gender equality and non-discrimination in the
workplace and within the DepEd.
This order promotes gender equality which could be related to the act of
cross-dressing especially towards LGBTQ+ community wherein they
experience discrimination just like the related review of the mockery in De
La Salle University, Philippines.
2. JUNE 10, 2008, DO 46, S. 2008 – PROPER SCHOOL ATTIRE
While the general policy is that the wearing of a school uniform shall not be
required in public schools (as embodied in DepEd Order No. 45 s. 2008), it
is necessary to provide guidance on what constitutes proper school attire.
The following principles should serve as a guide:
1. A student’s basic right to go to school, study and learn is of paramount
importance and should be respected and promoted at all times.

2. A student’s attire should reflect respect for the school as an institution
for learning.
3. A student’s attire should not become a cause for discrimination
particularly for students belonging to a lower socio-economic status.
4. Promoting physical hygiene and proper school decorum is part of the
teaching- learning process in schools, thus a student’s attire and
physical appearance should manifest learnings from this process.
This related legal basis could serve as a mediator that despite the tolerance
to express oneself through the act of cross-dressing, whoever wants to do
this shall consider the place because proper attire is a necessity in schools
according to DepEd Order No. 45 s. 2008.
B. Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
-Awareness on the extent of the issue

Profile of the Students in school about cross-dressing
A. Sex
Male and Female Analysis of the Data -Better understanding on whether
through: there is a need to find solution
B. Roles of the Students: regarding the issue.
-Questionnaire
To disagree or disagree about the
issue
-Curiosity about cross-dressing will
be fulfilled.

C. Research Questions
The focus of this research seeks to answer the following questions:
• What are the standpoints of Grade 11 Humanities and Social
Sciences students on the issue of cross-dressing?
• What is the purpose of cross-dressing?
• What are the situations regarding the act of cross-dressing in local
and in foreign countries?
• When does cross-dressing become a distortion?
• What are the possible solutions on the issue of cross-dressing?
D. Assumption of the Study
Students will have a broader thinking and knowledge about cross-
dressing. Cross-dressing with the given statement, it is expected that there is
an acceptance of CNHS-SH students on the concept of cross-dressing in
today’s generation in this cruel society. Some of the responses and thoughts
will center around the fact that cross-dressing provides LGBTQIA+ people more
freedom to express themselves and boosts their self-confidence.
E. Scope and Delimitations
This research focuses on the standpoint of Grade 11 HUMSS Strand
students on the issues of the cross-dressing. The data will be gathered from
10% of senior high school in Grade 11 Humanities and Social Sciences of

Cagayan National High School in the school year 2022-2023, which will
represent the population.
This study is limited only to the viewpoint of HUMSS 11 students on the
issue of cross-dressing in school or in public places. The findings of the study
will determine why cross-dressing is an issue. The key resource of data will be
questionnaire, which is provided by the researchers.
F. Significance of the Study
This research is conducted with the intention of providing information
and knowledge that will enable sense of direction in order to make changes that
will improve views about the chosen topic.
Benefiting the study are as follows:
• The School - This study will help schools on how they can better
support and accommodate LGBTQIA+ students who practice cross-
dressing. It can also assist in imposing policies that will ensure safe
and healthy environment for the students regardless of their gender
identity and expression.
• The Teachers - This study offers information which can help teachers in
practicing inclusive teaching were all students regardless of their gender
identity and expression are treated equally and feel valued and supported
in their learning.

• The Students - the study provides an opportunity for students to gain
crucial information about the topic. It also allows students to better
understand how they perceive gender identity and expression, as
well as their behavior towards the member of the LGBTQIA+
Community.
• The Researcher - this will be a tool to guide and properly navigate
term in determining valid information that will ensure further
understanding of the chosen topic hence, this study will serve as a
source of valuable knowledge that they would undoubtedly need in
their future studies.
• The Future Researcher - this research will serve as a guidance to
their future research that is inclined with the topic.
G. Definition of Terms
Cross-dressing - the act of wearing clothing or accessories that are
traditionally associated with the opposite sex.
Crucial - means extremely important or involving an extremely important
information.
Discrimination - the act of treating someone unfairly, inequality or negatively
based on their gender, sexual orientation, or other personal traits.

Gender identity - a person’s internal sense of their gender, which may or may
not align with the gender they were assigned at birth.
LGBTQIA+ Community - a group of individuals who identify as Lesbian, Gay,
Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual or other non-
heterosexual/cisgender identities.
Sexual Orientation - a person’s romantic and/or sexual attraction to others,
which may be towards the same gender, opposite gender.
Standpoint - an attitude toward or outlook on issues, usually resulting from
one's circumstances or beliefs.
Stereotyping - the act of assuming certain characteristics or behaviors about
a person based on their gender, sexual orientation, or other personal traits.
Tool - one that is or can be used to further the purposes of another.
Views - an opinion about something or someone.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
I. Cross-dressing
Cross-dressing is an expression, but it seems that it is not totally accepted by the
society because it steeps the expectations between male and female. In fact, as stated
by Chaudhary (2020), men dressing as women are more prone to judgment and
backlash today than women dressing as men.
II. Reasons Why People Cross-dress
Knowing the reason behind why people cross-dress could better promote tolerance,
that people cross-dress not just because they wanted to be different but because of
this is a way to distress. According to Brown (2021), Cross-dressers may cross-dress
for reasons other than sexual stimulation— for example, to reduce anxiety, to relax,
or, in the case of male cross-dressers, to experiment with the feminine side of their
otherwise male personalities. Moreover, Chaudhary (2020) suggests that the reasons
behind crossdressing can be varied. Some folks might do it for fun and entertainment,
some may cross-dress to disguise, some may find clothes for opposite sex just more
comfortable. some derive sexual pleasure in crossdressing and some to fulfil a fetish
for clothes designed for the opposite sex.

III. Other Values of Cross-dressing
Crossdressers often have to put up with many feelings of rejection from society. It is
crucial to know what people think of cross-dressing. In our exploration, we have
found that cross-dressing had value in ancient times, for example, in theatrical plays.
Parker's "Spectrums of Shakespearean Cross-dressing: The Art of Performing
Women.” Parker (2019) argues for a reading of the portrayal of male-to
female characters on stage, which may improve, our knowledge of the plays. In the
context of the book, Roberta Barker an author and playwright suggests that the
audiences of early modern theater did not seem to have many concerns about men
playing women with a degree of effectiveness.
Further, a more recent study was published on the content of a play's characters
who step outside of their designated gendered boxes to enter a new one via cross-
dressing, which granted them access to power that was previously unobtainable. In
this study, women dressed as men were enough to overpower norms that were also
indulged, where women were seen as property for a man to own, chase down, or
obtain through force, as seen in Behn’s play. (Barca Maria, 2018)

Cross-dressing in the past meant a life of exclusion, but even so, it had benefits, just
like promoting characters in a play or empowering women in many ways.
Crossdressing is now more often accepted now that we have embraced change, and
as long as we respect and accept them for who they are, it will boost their confidence.
IV. Difficulties When People Do the Act of Cross-dressing
Scott (2022) has an interpretation that cross-dressing is not an illness, but a sexual
expression that could highly distress a sufferer. In contrast, cross-dressing may be
considered a disruption because as defined by Brown (2021) there is a disorder called
“Transvestic disorder”. This is a transvestism which causes an expressive distress,
while transvestism is the recurrent, distress sexual arousal from cross-dressing.
Transvestic disorder can however be treated with therapy (Scott, 2022). Moreover,
Fetishistic disorder, which is one of the major types of cross-dressing, is harder to
identify which involves the individuals to analyze their sexual fantasies. Intense sexual
urges while cross-dressing, which is being experienced by a transvestic may often be
misinterpreted as fetishistic behavior. Also, transvestic disorder can also be a part of
other conditions, such as bipolar disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. To
further understand transvestism, a distress caused by disapproval of one’s biological
sex which is a different disorder called “gender dysphoria” may be mistaken by a

doctor by considering this as transvestism. However, most cross-dressers have no
underlying illness.
Such risks from doing the act of cross-dressing include societal rejection and personal
struggles or suffering. As mentioned by Chaudhury (2020), a person may experience
the feeling of guilt and shame as doing the act of crossdressing. Also, it can be a
hindrance to romantic relationships when their partner can’t tolerate the desire to
cross-dress. Cross-dressing can become addictive and in some cases, it affects
career growth if a person isn’t accepted in its workplace that lead to isolation where it
can also happen to one’s family. One of the struggles can be regarding the ID’s or
passport as it may not match someone’s current look. While in extreme cases, the
desire to cross-dress can interfere with the ability of a person to live a normal life.
To prove these risks, where it was also observed by Escoto (2022) in which she said
that we are free to dress however we want but people’s gender expression is not a
source of entertainment, thus many people still experience discrimination for doing the
act of cross-dressing. She is the president of the University Student Government
(USG). She said this when the men’s basketball team of DE LA Salle University
(DLSU) made a TikTok-inspired performance, which was perceived to be insensitive
to the LGBTQ+ community. As a response to this video, the LGBTQ+ rights group
Bahaghari once again said that men cross-dressing is not a “punchline”. (Saab
Lariosa, 2022)

V. Possible Solutions
In order to address these risks, such solutions can be taken. Corresponding to the
precautions stated by Chaudhury (2020), to understand someone who cross-dresses
especially if it is a family member, we can talk to them. It is also advisable that if a
person doing the act of crossdressing is already struggling, they can seek counselling
or seek help from professional intervention. Nevertheless, it is up to oneself to take
care of whoever experiences being excluded from the society and protect one’s
identity.
To give situations wherein addressing the issue in a way of discretion had happened
in the Philippines. An action taken to respond on the issue about gender expression,
particularly through cross-dressing was done by the influential Miss Trans Global 2020
Mela Habijan. There was an issue involving four transgender senior high school
students. As reported by Martinez (2022), this is because of the rules of their school
about wearing sets of clothes and hairstyles that are considered to be more suitable
for their assigned sex at birth during their respective graduation ceremonies.
In addition, this issue is a minor issue to some but for transgender teens in question
could not take this. Because of this, they reach out Mela Habijan for a favorable moral
support. A statement of Mela Habijan on 2022 in Facebook with the photo of the group
was “Why can’t they be themselves [on] an occasion they worked hard for? Why aren’t
they allowed? Why do they have to compromise their identities?”

Because of the Facebook post from Habijan, a memorandum signed by DepEd’s
Undersecretary Revsee Escobedo and Assistant Secretary Panchet Bringas reminds
schools of “the strict implementation of and compliance to DO 32, s. 2017,” as of
September 2020.
With the order said that ensures gender equality, from this stricter implementation,
there is a need to operate for more gender-responsive framework for students and
employees in schools. This is to prove that standing for people who are being
discriminated against just like those who cross-dress and being aware of the issue
could be the possible solutions that could work to be heard and be understood. This
leads to tolerance towards how people express oneself regardless the gender,
particularly on how we dress up that with this set of practices, it makes everyone free
and comfortable.
VI. Conclusion
All things considered, cross-dressing is an expression that is not socially accepted
because of the gender expectations to both men and women. There are reasons
behind why people cross-dress, and it could be because it is just for fun or seriously it
serves to distress. Aside from that, cross-dressing is also beneficial to theatrical
purposes. Cross-dressing has it setbacks when it became a disorder which can be

called as Transvestic and Fetishistic, yet cross-dressing alone is never an illness.
People who do cross-dress are at risks of social and personal difficulties.
Nevertheless, there are things to address these. One's partner or the family of a cross-
dresser is responsible for its moral support. Possible thing to be done is simply being
aware about the issue so as to be able stand for the people who are experiencing
discriminations towards the act of crossdressing.

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
I. Research Design
II. Research Environment
III. Discussion of Treatment
IV. Research Instrument
V. Data Gathering Procedure
VI. Data Analysis

REFERENCES
Barca, M. (2018) "Aphra Behn’s Courtesans and Crossdressing Women: An Analysis

of Gender and Power in 17th Century Literature, "Locus: The Seton Hall
Journal of Undergraduate Research: Vol. 1, Article 2 page 76
Brown, G. (2021, April). Transvestism. Retrieved from
https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/paraphilias-
and-paraphilic-disorders/transvestism
Parker, C. B. (2019) Spectrums of Shakespearean Crossdressing: The Art of
Performing Women. 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York: Routledge
Martinez, J (2020), The Philippine Star, The Struggle Is Real For Some
Transgender Teens Wanting To Break Free In Phl Schools, retrieved
from
https://www.onenews.ph/articles/the-struggle-is-real-for-some-
transgender-teens-wanting-to-break-free-in-phl-schools

Mantaring, J. R. (2022, September 30). LGBTQ+ groups call out cross-dressing of
Lasallian athletes in pep rally. CNN Philippines. Retrieved from

https://www.cnnphilippines.com/sports/2022/9/30/LGBTQ--DLSU-athletes-
crosssdressing.html?fbclid=IwAR3VJGXvff67GtknI7vAi4bDGc0A_PEep42NNcrG3S
1wUvDLyPUBLmGwUg4??
Cabral, K. (2022), Preview
A Win for LGBTQIA+ Community! DepEd's Policy Now Allows Students
to Freely Express Their Gender in Schools. Retrieved from

https://www.preview.ph/culture/deped-gender-responsive-policy-a2229-20220903
Lariosa, S. (2022) L!fe, The Philippine Star. DLSU cross-dressing performance
draws flak from students, LGBTQ+ groups. Retrieved from

https://philstarlife.com/news-and-views/425883-dlsu-cross-dressing-
controversy?page=4
Hao, S, & Zi W. (August, 2019), Research on Images of Cross-Dresser from the

Perspective of Androgyny, Retreived from
https://www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=94573



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Republic of the Philippines

AS YOU DRESS-UP: STUDENTS STANDPOINT ON THE ISSUE OF CROSS-

CULANGAN, AEDRIAN JOSH

ELMER P. ANNANGA JR.

A Qualitative Research Submitted to

Address: Bagay Road, San Gabriel, Tuguegarao City, 3500

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1

A. Overview or Background of the Problem 1

D. Assumption of the Study 5

E. Scope and Delimitations 5

F. Significance of the Study 6

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 9

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

E. Data Gathering Procedure

Address: Bagay Road, San Gabriel, Tuguegarao City, 3500

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

A. Overview or Background of the Problem

People wear clothing in order to protect their bodies from the

environment and the climate. In addition, serves as decoration or

ornamentation. There is designed clothing for women which are described to

be feminine so does masculine which is designed for men.

Pertaining to cross-dressing, this is how we call the act of a person

and increases public acceptance of the "cross-dressing" phenomenon. This can

serve as a paradigm for overcoming the dualistic oppositional gender

stereotype and attaining gender harmony. (Hao & Zi, 2019).

In our society people cross-dress has tended to have a bad reputation.

To further prove this claim, several Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender,

Queer, Intersex, Asexual (LGBTQIA+) community is still struggling and being

discriminated against for their Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and

Address: Bagay Road, San Gabriel, Tuguegarao City, 3500

Expression (SOGIE). This is because of the mockery of Lasallian athletes in

To better understand why people cross-dress, this research is being

is simply appropriate or whether there are ethical considerations. The students’

the issue is.

Cross-dressing is an issue to the society wherein the main characters

standpoint of students in school could give conclusion to severity of this issue,

solutions to address the problem.

Address: Bagay Road, San Gabriel, Tuguegarao City, 3500

Two legal bases relating to the issue are:

1. DepEd Order No. 32, s 2017, Gender-Responsive Basic Education Policy

“seeks to enable the DepEd to undertake gender-mainstreaming in

education to address both enduring and emerging gender and sexuality-

related issues in basic education, to promote the protection of children from

all forms of gender-related violence, abuse, exploitation, discrimination, and

bullying, and to promote gender equality and non-discrimination in the

workplace and within the DepEd.

cross-dressing especially towards LGBTQ+ community wherein they

experience discrimination just like the related review of the mockery in De

La Salle University, Philippines.

2. JUNE 10, 2008, DO 46, S. 2008 – PROPER SCHOOL ATTIRE

required in public schools (as embodied in DepEd Order No. 45 s. 2008), it

is necessary to provide guidance on what constitutes proper school attire.

The following principles should serve as a guide:

1. A student’s basic right to go to school, study and learn is of paramount

importance and should be respected and promoted at all times.

Address: Bagay Road, San Gabriel, Tuguegarao City, 3500

2. A student’s attire should reflect respect for the school as an institution

3. A student’s attire should not become a cause for discrimination

particularly for students belonging to a lower socio-economic status.

4. Promoting physical hygiene and proper school decorum is part of the

teaching- learning process in schools, thus a student’s attire and

physical appearance should manifest learnings from this process.

to express oneself through the act of cross-dressing, whoever wants to do

according to DepEd Order No. 45 s. 2008.