MAY

SOGIESC BA
‘KO?
I am Ms. Jerwinne Boral. I
am a feminine, cissexual,
transgender woman. And
my preferred pronoun is
She/Her.
Bilang lalaki, pinapauwi
ka ba ng maaga sa takot
na ikaw ay ma-rape?
Na-bully ka na ba sa school
dahil ikaw ay straight?
Pinalayas ba ang mga
straight na (cis) babae dahil
sila ay straight na (cis)
babae?
Na-bully ka na ba sa school
dahil ikaw ba ay straight?
Tinanggihan ba ng trabaho
ang mga straight na (cis)
lalaki dahil sila ay straight na
(cis) lalaki?
Tinuturing ba sila na hayop
ng kanilang mga pinuno?
Pinapatay ba sila dahil sa
kasarian nila?
Ang kababaihan at LGBTQIA ay …
hinaharass
inaabuso
dinidiscriminate
pinapatay
Dahil lamang sa aming SOGIESC
SOGIESC
101
SEXUAL ORIENTATION

GENDER IDENTITY

GENDER EXPRESSION

SEX CHARACTERISTICS
SEX vs GENDER

Ang sex ay physical o physiological. Ang gender ay social,

cultural at psychological.

Gender Awareness and Sensitivity

Recognizing and responding to the SYSTEMIC problems
affecting women and LGBTQIA+ people
 SOGIESC
SEXUAL ORIENTATION, GENDER IDENTITY AND
EXPRESSION AND SEX CHARACTERISTICS

SOGIESC-Based Discrimination
Diskriminasyon sa edukasyon, trabaho at iba pang larangan
base sa SOGIESC
SOGIE Equality Bill
Panukalang batas na ipagbawal ang SOGIESC-
Based Discrimination

(Gender/SOGIESC) Equality
Layunin ng feminist at LGBTQI movement—ang
pagkakapantay-pantay ng lahat sa karapatan at
oportunidad.
Ano nga ba ang SOGIESC?
SO Kanino ako nagkaka-bet?
GI Ano ang pagtingin mo sa sarili mo?
GE Paano mo ipinapahayag kung sino ka?
SC Ano ang iyong sex characteristics?
SOGIESC

Sex, gender and sexuality are diverse.

They are not binaries.

SOGIESC
Interrelated but independent
 SOGIESC
NOT mutually exclusive

Ang trans woman (gender) ay pwedeng maging

lesbiyana (sexual orientation), masculine (gender
expression) at intersex (sex characteristics) at
the same time.
SOGIESC
NOT mutually exclusive
 Everyone has SOGIESC

But women and LGBTQIA+ people are

oppressed due to their SOGIESC
Sino sa kanila ang LGBTQIA+?
Only you can determine your own SOGIE

Likewise, it is never your business to

assume a person’s SOGIE or out them to
others.
 Ask for pronouns. Create a safe
atmosphere by sharing yours too.

Don’t make assumptions or enforce

stereotypes just because a person is part of
LGBTQIA+ community.
 SOGIESC is a language we use to
understand sex, gender, and sexuality.

We are still free to express our identities

the way we want, provided that there’s no
harm/stigma.
 PATRIARCHY

A SYSTEM of the dominance of men and

the subordination of women and other
sex/gender/sexual minorities.
 PATRIARCHY

Sexism Misogyny
“a body of IDEAS that exists “ACTS enforcing PSR when
to justify patriarchal social they come under threat”
relations (PSR)”
 Women and LGBTQIA+ people
experience DEMOS everyday in
all social institutions.

Discrimination
Exploitation
Marginalization
Oppression
Stigma & Subordination
 3 out of 5
Have experienced several harassment in their lifetime

1 out of 4
Have experienced domestic violence

One every 53 minutes is raped

“ I was angry she was raped, yes that
was one thing. But she was so
beautiful, I think the mayor should
have been the first. What a waste.”
 Patriarchal Society
• Men have all the social,
economic, cultural, political,
& sexual power
• Men can police the bodies,
thoughts, actions, and
interests of women
• Men are expected to
embody toxic and
oppressive standards of
masculinity
SOGIESC Equality
• There are equal and just
power relations among
men, women and people of
diverse SOGIESC.
• Women have bodily,
political, sexual, economic
rights and autonomy.
• Everyone is allowed to
freely express themselves.
SOGIESC

SEX CHARACTERISTICS
• Physical traits that indicate biological sex, like
• Chromosomes
• External Genitalia
• Gonads
• Hormones and
• Internal Reproductive Organs
• Primary- traits present at birth
• Secondary- traits that develop during puberty
Classification based on Sex
Characteristics
Female
Male
Intersex
Sex as spectrum
 We cannot completely and certainly determine
our sex characteristics.

“You may be genetically male or female,

chromosomally male or female, hormonally
male/female/non-binary call, and all this leading
to a body that can be male/non-binary/female.”
 Intersex (adj.)

A person whose primary and/or secondary sex

characteristics differ from the two expected
patterns of “female” and “male”, and cannot be
easily categorized as either of them.
 Intersex (adj.)

• Between 0.05% and 1.7% of the population

have intersex traits.
• There are at least 40 intersex variations—
genetic, chromosomal, anatomic, and
hormonal.
They are an intersex person.
They are intersex.
She is an intersex woman.

He is an intersex man.
 Sex assigned at birth
• A social contract used to categorized
person as female or male based on their sex
characteristics, but is usually based on
external genitalia.
• It is also gender assigned at birth
She was assigned female at birth (AFAB)

He was assigned male at birth (AMAB)

 Sex Characteristics Sex Assigned at Birth
Female Male

XX chromosomes, XY chromosomes,
vagina, ovaries, Intersex penis, testis,
estrogen, testosterone, etc. Female Male
progesterone, & etc. (Penis)
(Vagina)
SOGIESC

SEX CHARACTERISTICS
Ano ang biological sex characteristics mo?

Due to their sex characteristics, INTERSEX

individuals face stigma and discrimination.
 Majority
are subjected to non-consensual & unnecessary genital
surgery
Stigma & Discrimination
for atypical bodies

Underrepresentation
in the LGBTQIA+ agenda: support, legislation, language.
SOGIESC

GENDER IDENTITY
a person’s innermost concept of self as woman,
man and/or another identity, which may or may
not be the same with gender assigned to them at
birth.
 SEX
vs

GENDER
Cisgender, cis (adj.)

people whose gender identity is the same

with the gender assigned to them at birth
 Cisgender, cis (adj.)
people whose gender identity is the same
with the gender assigned to them at birth

Cis woman Cis man

Sex Assigned at birth Female Male
Gender Woman Man
 Transgender, trans (adj.)

People whose gender identity differs from the

gender assigned to them at birth.

Trans man Trans woman Non-Binary

Sex Assigned Female Male Male/Female
at birth
Gender Man Woman Non-Binary
She is a woman of trans experience.
She is a transgender woman.
She is a trans woman.
She is trans.
She is a woman.
Gender Binary Gender Spectrum
 Non-binary (adj.)
a person who does not exclusively identify as
either a man or woman

Agender Bigender Gender Fluid Genderqueer

no gender two genders varies over time
They* were assigned male at birth and they* are
genderqueer.

She is bigender.
Ze* is non-binary.

*Not all non-binary people use “they” pronoun

and neo-pronouns.
 Transgender+, trans (adj.)
Transgender

Binary Non-Binary
Identities Identities

Agender Bigender
Trans Trans
man woman
Genderfluid Genderqueer
Transitioning
• a complex individual process that transgender
people undergo
• Transgender people transition differently

• Gender affirming acts

Types of Transitioning
• Internal – coming out of yourself
• Social – coming out to friends, family; dressing
differently; using a different name and pronouns
• Legal – changing your name and sex/gender
marker in legal documents
• Medical – gender-affirming hormone therapy
and gender-affirming surgery
 GENDER IDENTITY
Ano ang pagtingin mo sa sarili mo?

Due to their gender identity, TRANS people

experience discrimination and violence
 350 killed
around the world in 2020 so far
on the basis of their GENDER
IDENTITY as trans people
SOGIESC

GENDER EXPRESSION
the outward manifestation of gender
expressed through style, name,
pronouns and behavior
Gender Conformity

Trans woman Trans man

Sex assigned at birth Male Female
Gender Identity Woman Man
Gender Expression Feminine Masculine
Gender Non-Conformity
• The degree to which an individual’s appearance,
behavior, interests, and subjective self-concept
deviate from conventional norms for femininity
and masculinity.
• Gender non-conforming (GNC)- A person whose
gender expression does not align with the
expectations associated with their gender identity.
Gender Non-Conformity

Trans woman Trans man

Sex assigned at birth Male Female
Gender Identity Woman Man
Gender Expression Androgynous/ Feminine
Masculine
SOGIESC

GENDER EXPRESSION
Paano mo ipinapahayag ang iyong
gender identity?

Due to their gender expression, GENDER NON-

CONFORMING people suffer from bullying and
discrimination
CISSEXISM (TRANSPHOBIA)
prejudice against
transgender and non-binary people
GENDER ROLES & EXPECTATIONS
oppressive social norms that punish those
who do not conform
 Cissexist Society
• The gender binary is the
norm and anything that
deviates from it erased.
• People are assigned a
gender at birth and are
expected to perform the roles
associated with it.
• Everything is appraised
according to cisgender
standards
SOGIESC Equality
• There is gender inclusivity,
gender diversity, and gender
justice.
• Gendered language, norms,
structures, and beliefs are
challenged or altogether
abolished.
• People are free to identify with
any gender/s or none at all in
any particular time.
SOGIESC

SEXUAL ORIENTATION
physical or sexual attraction towards
other people on the basis of gender
Heterosexual (adj.)
• A person who is sexually attracted to
people of a different gender

Same gender

Different gender

• Gay (usually a man)- a gay man, a gay woman

• Lesbian (usually a woman)- a lesbian woman,
person
 Bisexual+, bi (adj.)
umbrella term for people attracted to more than
one gender
Omnisexual
all genders

Sexually Fluid
Pansexual Polysexual varies over time
regardless two or more
of gender genders, but not all Queer
 Asexual (adj.)

• An umbrella term for people who experiences little to

no sexual attraction towards other people.
• Demisexual: sexual attraction only after close
emotional bond is formed.
• Graysexual (gray ace): people who experience
limited sexual attraction; very rarely or low in
intensity.
Emerging terms
• Androsexual/androphobic (adj.)
A person with sexual attraction to men/or masculinity
• Gynesexual/gynephilic (adj)
A person with sexual attraction to women and/or femininity
• Ceterosexual (adj.)
A person with sexual attraction to non-binary people and/or
androgyny
• NBLNB (adj.)
Non-binary person attracted to non-binary people
Sexual Orientation

Monosexual Bisexual Asexual

Gay Omnisexual Pansexual

Lesbian Queer Sexually

Heterosexual Polysexual Fluid

SOGIESC

ROMANTIC ORIENTATION
Emotional or romantic attraction
towards other people on the basis of
gender
Heteroromantic (adj.)
• A person who is romantically attracted to
people of a different gender

Same gender

Different gender
Homoromantic (adj.)
• A person who is romantically attracted to
people of same gender

Same gender

Different gender
Other terms
• Aromantic (adj.)
A person with little to no romantic attraction to others.
• Biromantic (adj)
A person with romantic attraction to women and men or to more
than one gender.
• Panromantic (adj.)
A person with romantic attraction to people regardless of
gender.
• Demiromantic (adj.)
A person who does not feel RA until there is a close romantic
bond.
 SEXUAL ORIENTATION
Kanino ka nagkaka-bet?

LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL and ASEXUAL

people do not enjoy the same rights as
heterosexual people.
HETEROSEXISM (HOMOPHOBIA)
prejudice against
gay and lesbian people

MONOSEXISM (BIPHOBIA)
prejudice against
bisexual people
Hetero/Monosexist Society SOGIESC Equality
• Heterosexual people are held • Sexual diversity is the norm.
as the normal. Non-
heterosexual people are seen • Everyone has a equal rights
as sinful, abnormal and regardless of sexual orientation.
deviant.
• Non-heterosexual people
have limited rights and
freedom.
Queer
• A radical transgressive umbrella term
used to describe a person whose sexual
orientation, gender identity, and/or
gender expression does not conform to
cisgender-heterosexual norms.
Queer is used in (at least) 2 ways:

1. To refer to every member in community and the

community as a whole.
Ex. Queer people, the queer community

2. To describe one’s sexual orientation, gender identity

and/or expression
Ex. I am genderqueer
 Person 1 Person 2
Sex assigned at birth Male Female
Gender Identity Queer Queer
Gender Expression Queer Queer
Sexual Orientation Queer Queer
 Man
Sex Characteristics Female Male Intersex
Sex assigned at Female Male
birth
Gender Identity Woman Man Non-binary
Gender Expression Feminine Masculine Androgynous
Sexual Orientation Heterosexual Gay or Lesbian Bisexual Asexual
 Straight Woman
Sex Characteristics Female Male Intersex
Sex assigned at Female Male
birth
Gender Identity Woman Man Non-binary
Gender Expression Feminine Masculine Androgynous
Sexual Orientation Heterosexual Gay or Bisexual+ Asexual
Lesbian
 Cis man who exclusively likes men
Sex Characteristics Female Male Intersex
Sex assigned at Female Male
birth
Gender Identity Woman Man Non-Binary
Gender Expression Feminine Masculine Androgynous
Sexual Orientation Heterosexual Gay or Lesbian Bisexual Asexual
 Transwoman
Sex Characteristics Female Male Intersex
Sex assigned at Female Male
birth
Gender Identity Woman Man Non-binary
Gender Expression Feminine Masculine Androgynous
Sexual Orientation Heterosexual Gay or Lesbian Bisexual Asexual
 Transsexual person
Sex Characteristics Female Male Intersex
Sex assigned at Female Male
birth
Gender Identity Woman Man Non-binary
Gender Expression Feminine Masculine Androgynous
Sexual Orientation Heterosex Gay or Bisexual+ Asexual
ual Lesbian
 educate
Female Male Intersex
Male
What should
Woman Man
weNon-binary
do?
Feminine Masculine Androgynous
Bisexual+
Educate
Female Male Intersex
• SOGIE Forums
Male
• Gender Sensitivity Talks
Woman Man Non-binary
Feminine • Information
Masculine Campaigns
Androgynous
Bisexual+
 educate
empower
Female Male Intersex
Male
What should
Woman Man
weNon-binary
do?
Feminine Masculine Androgynous
Bisexual+
Empower
Female Male Intersex
• Visibility/Awareness
campaigns Male

Woman Man Non-binary

• LGBTQIA+ & women Feminine Masculine Androgynous
leading projects Bisexual+
 educate
empower
Female Male Intersex
Male
create safe spaces
What should we do?
Woman Man Non-binary
Feminine Masculine Androgynous
Bisexual+
Create Safe Spaces
Female Male Intersex
Male

Woman Man Non-binary

• Pronouns/SOGIE Sensitivity
Feminine Masculine Androgynous
• Mental Health CheckBisexual+
 educate
empower
Female Male Intersex
Male
create
What safe
should spaces
weNon-binary
do?
Woman Man
challenge
Feminine Masculine Androgynous
Bisexual+
Challenge
Female Male Intersex
Male
• Take a stand against oppressive SOGIE-based policies
Woman Man Non-binary
• Letter to school admin
Feminine Masculine Androgynous
Bisexual+
• Public Statement
 educate
empower
Female Male Intersex
Male
create
What safe
should spaces
weNon-binary
do?
Woman Man
challenge
Feminine Masculine Androgynous

engage Bisexual+
Engage
Female Male Intersex
• Survey of students’ Male
perception towards
LGBTQIA+, women issues
Woman Man Non-binary
Feminine Masculine Androgynous
• Engagement with different Bisexual+
sectors of the school
community
 educate
empower
Female Male Intersex
Male
create
What safe
should spaces
weNon-binary
do?
Woman Man
challenge
Feminine Masculine Androgynous

engage Bisexual+
mobilize
Mobilize
Female Male Intersex
• Pride
Male March
• Women’s Month Lobbying
Woman Man Non-binary
for pro-equality policies
Feminine Masculine Androgynous
It’s been 21 YEARS
Female Male Intersex
Male
Let’s pass
Woman
the bill
Man
NOW.
Non-binary
Feminine Masculine Androgynous
#SOGIEEqualityNOW
KULAYAAN
AN IMAGE IS WORTH A
THOUSAND WORDS