SOAL TRY OUT II UTBK SNBT PERSEKOLAHAN YWKA

LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS

20 Menit

Text for number 1-4

There are many habits I’ve gained while working from home: snacking when desired, taking
the dog for a midmorning walk, talking to myself and settling in for a daily nap. That last one will
be especially painful to give up if or when I return to an office; my naps have become essential
downtime that act as afternoon pick-meups. Why do my naps feel so needed and so revitalising?
And will I have to live without?
There are two biological processes that contribute to daily drowsiness, says Sara Mednick,
a professor of cognitive science at the University of California at Irvine and author of Take a Nap!
Change Your Life.
The first system is the circadian: It prompts you to stay awake when it’s light out and asleep
when it’s dark. In the middle of the day, it causes the hormone cortisol to start decreasing from its
morning high and your core body temperature to slightly dip; losing heat helps you fall and stay
asleep. The second is the homeostatic: It makes you sleepier the longer you’ve been awake. As the
day progresses, it continually increases your “sleep pressure,” causing you to have a growing need
for sleep. Together, at midday, these create “kind of a perfect storm that makes people tired,”
Mednick says.
For many people who are sleep-deprived, a short shut-eye session is the ticket, Mednick
says. “Your mood gets better, your creativity, your perceptual processing, your memory
processing.”
Mednick has found that nappers perform as well on a pattern-recognition task as people who
have slept overnight. She has found that naps enhance creative problem-solving. Naps can boost
and restore brain power. Toddlers who nap express more joy. Adults nappers can tolerate
frustration longer and feel less impulsive. Naps may help protect older people from cognitive
decline and dementia. Runners can use naps to improve endurance. People who nap once or twice
a week have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Memory is better after a nap. And on it goes.
Source: washingtonpost.com

No. 1

What can we conclude from the effects of taking a nap discussed in paragraph 5?
A. The effects of napping include both psychological and physiological advantages.
B. If done correctly, napping can have a huge range of health benefits.
C. Taking a nap does not only help with metabolism, but also with mood regulation.
D. Children are more affected by naps than adults are.
E. The advantages of napping for the human brain are its most significant effects.

No. 2

The author uses the word ‘daily’ in the 2nd paragraph mainly to….
A. demonstrate the intensity of drowsiness
B. put forward an idea about drowsiness
C. emphasize the importance of the word drowsiness
D. show that the drowsiness must occur everyday
E. indicate which specific drowsiness

No. 3

What do the processes in paragraph 3 tell us about our body?

A. The sleep pressure is one of our body’s weaknesses.
B. Sleep is a relaxing mechanism of the brain.
C. The body regulates sleep through biological processes.
D. There are two ways for our body to take a nap.
E. We can control the body’s need for sleep in two ways.

No. 4

Which question is answered by paragraph 5?

A. Why do many people take naps?
B. What are the benefits of naps?
C. What are the drawbacks of taking naps?
D. What makes naps better than sleeping overnight?
E. Why does our body need naps?

Text for number 5-6

A complete skeleton of a 19- or 20-year-old Homo sapiens was found during 2020
excavations at a site called Liang Tebo, in remote Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat region of eastern
Kalimantan. Early human remains are scarce in the region, and the researchers involved in this
study suggest this may be the oldest known burial of a modern human that has ever been found in
the region’s islands. During the dig, the find took on a whole new level of intrigue as the team
discovered that the skeleton’s lower leg was entirely missing. The limb had been not broken or
smashed, but cleanly removed, and the archaeologists found unusual bony overgrowth on the
remaining fragments of the tibia and fibula. That overgrowth matched overgrowth seen in modern
clinical cases of amputations.
Further investigations showed that the bone developed atrophy, indicating the part of the
limb that remained was a stump with limited use. Investigations into this remodeling of bone
structure showed some six to nine years of such changes. “This confirms that the surgery was not
fatal, not infected and likely occurred during late childhood,” says Tim Maloney, who specializes
in the archaeology of Borneo at Griffith University, in Australia, and co-authored the study.
To perform a successful operation, prehistoric surgeons must have had knowledge of
anatomy. They sliced through not only bone but muscles, veins and nerves in such a way that the
patient didn’t bleed to death or go into a fatal state of shock. Their scalpels were likely the flaked
lithic edges common to the era: a stone called chert, which can produce extremely sharp edges.
Afterwards the surgeons may have employed a tourniquet or cauterizing, though neither would
leave clear evidence on the skeleton and so remain unknown possibilities.
 What seems certain, however, is that the patient enjoyed a considerable level of post-op care.
“It is highly unlikely that this individual could have survived the procedure without intensive
nursing care, including blood loss and shock management, and regular wound cleaning,” Maloney
notes. He believes the successful operation implies that the community also had some
understanding of antiseptic and antimicrobial management to prevent fatal infection. In this, their
foraging lifestyle and forest environment might have proved to be advantages.
Source: smithsonianmag.com (with modifications)

No. 5

Which information indicates the assertion that the early human survived the
suggested amputation?
A. The skeleton does not include a lower leg part.
B. The bone of the amputated leg shrunk in size.
C. The amputated part was cleanly removed.
D. The remaining part of the leg shows no signs of infection.
E. There could have been a post-op care.

No. 6

What is the significance of the expression “the find took on a whole new level of intrigue”?
A. To emphasize the importance of the information that follows
B. To provide an example for the findings of the early human remains in Liang Tebo
C. To elaborate the finding of the oldest modern human burial site
D. To introduce the information about the finding of an advanced surgery method
E. To introduce the comparison between early and modern methods of amputation

Text for number 7-13

The researchers set up a mock prison in the basement of Stanford University's psychology
building and then selected 24 undergraduate students-- with no criminal background, lacked
psychological issues, and had no significant medical conditions--to play the roles of both prisoners
and guards. The volunteers agreed to participate during a one to two-week period in exchange for
$15 a day.
The simulated prison included three six by nine-foot prison cells. Each cell held three
prisoners and included three cots. Other rooms across from the cells were utilized for the jail guards
and warden. One tiny space was designated as the solitary confinement room, and yet another
small room served as the prison yard.
The 24 volunteers were then randomly assigned to either the prisoner group or the guard
group. Prisoners were to remain in the mock prison 24-hours a day during the study. Guards were
assigned to work in three-man teams for eight-hour shifts. After each shift, guards were allowed
to return to their homes until their next shift. Researchers were able to observe the behavior of the
prisoners and guards using hidden cameras and microphones.
While the Stanford Prison Experiment was originally slated to last 14 days, it had to be
stopped after just six due to what was happening to the student participants. The guards became
abusive, and the prisoners began to show signs of extreme stress and anxiety. While the prisoners
and guards were allowed to interact in any way they wanted, the interactions were hostile or even
dehumanizing. Five of the prisoners began to experience severe negative emotions, including
crying and acute anxiety and had to be released from the study early.
According to Zimbardo and his colleagues, because the guards were given total freedom,
they began to behave in ways they would not usually act in their everyday lives or other situations.
The prisoners, placed in a situation where they had no real control, became passive and depressed.

Source: verywellmind.com (with modifications)

No. 7

What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Putting people in isolated cells damages their brain.
B. Possession of power and control alters human behavior.
C. People enjoy pleasure from others’ stress and anxiety.
D. The researchers had planned the outcome of the experiment.
E. Money incentives don’t help people to endure torture.

No. 8

What is the main idea of paragraph 4?

A. The experiment was stopped early due to dangerous reactions of the participants.
B. Prison guards will always be hostile toward prisoners.
C. The researchers had already predicted how the guards and prisoners would behave.
D. The guards and prisoners showed wholesome behavior towards each other.
E. The experiment was stopped because it did not produce the desired results.

No. 9

What can be concluded from the behavior of the participants?

A. Their behavior was influenced by the situation they were put into.
B. Both the guards' and the prisoners' behavior took an unexpected turn.
C. The participants are well-adjusted to their new environment.
D. The prisoners had a hard time developing an assertive behavior.
E. The guards' unpredictable behavior was probably brought on by past trauma.

No. 10

The sentence “... the interactions were hostile or even dehumanizing” implies ....
A. the isolated condition of prisoners was dangerous for their mental health
B. the prisoners rebelled and started attacking the guards
C. the guards became aggressive and abusive toward the prisoners
D. both the guards and the prisoners felt depressed and anxious
E. the guards started to sympathize more with the prisoners
No. 11

If we were to add a beginning paragraph preceding the text, what would it most likely talk
about?
A. The researchers’ academic credentials
B. The psychology faculty of Stanford University
C. The selection of the volunteers
D. The background of the experiment
E. The mechanism of the experiment

No. 12

Which of the following is true about the experiment?

A. The participants must be free of criminal records and not have any health issues.
B. The guards were divided into three teams that worked eight-hour shifts.
C. The experiment was cancelled not even halfway of the initial schedule.
D. The prisoners started to get abusive due to the excessive freedom they had.
E. The researchers doing the experiment used the volunteer guards to observe the prisoners.

No. 13
The experiment involved volunteers who _______ to take part as guards and prisoners in
exchange for money.
Which of the following best fills the blank?
A. consented
B. yielded
C. dissented
D. abided
E. obeyed

Text for number 14-20

More than two billion cups of coffee are drunk every day and for many, working life would
feel impossible without it. As traditionally tea-drinking countries like China are seduced by
coffee’s charms, it may soon become the world’s favourite drink. What is driving this insatiable
thirst, and how has the beverage come to conquer the world? Coffee’s story starts in the lush
highlands of Ethiopia, the natural homeland of the delicate Coffee arabica plant. Although they
are called “coffee beans”, the plant is not a legume, and the fruits of the coffee tree look more like
cherries when they are first picked. The seeds inside are extracted and dried before the process of
roasting turns them into the hard, nutty nodules we feed into our grinders.
The Oromo people from Ethiopia are thought to have been the first to have noticed the
stimulating effects of these “beans”, and coffee still remains an important element of their
traditional cuisine. Exactly how and when it spread beyond Ethiopia is still the subject of many
legends, but the available historic records suggest that the Sufis of Yemen were the first truly
devoted drinkers outside Africa in the Middle Ages. Its caffeine helped them to continue thei
practices late into the night, while the roasting of the bean was apparently taken as an analogy for
the transcendence of the human soul. Coffee houses soon spread across the Middle East and the
Ottoman Empire, where they caught the attention of Western traders, who took the beguiling drink
back to their home countries in the 17th Century. (...). One newspaper advert in 1657 described
the drink as “having many excellent virtues, closes the orifice of the stomach, fortifies the heart
within, helps digestion, brights up the spirit.” created by hellsxnki on twitter Some studies suggest
that coffee can offer some protection from certain common diseases. A recent review of the
evidence by Susanna Larsson at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden found that each cup of coffee
per day is associated with a 6% reduction in the risk of type 2 diabetes. Laura Van Dongen at
Wageningen University, meanwhile, has found that regular coffee drinkers were at least 20% less
likely to die from heart disease. source: bbc.com

No. 14

People often mistakenly classify coffee as a type of plant to which peanuts, chickpeas or lentils
belong. Is this statement supported by the passage? Which information can prove it?
A. Supported, the passage mentions that coffee is grown in Ethiopia, a place where the other
plants are mentioned to not grow in.
B. Supported, the passage states that coffee is not a legume, unlike the other plants which fit the
definition of the word.
C. Not supported, the passage mentions how coffee was spread to the westerners through the
Middle East, same as the other plants.
D. Not supported, coffee was stated to be able to reduce someone’s risk of dying from heart
problems, much like the other plants.
E. Supported, it is mentioned that coffee is beguiling, which is a quality the other plants are not
exactly known for.

No. 15

Which of the following statements is incorrect about coffee based on the text?
A. China is gradually becoming an emerging market for coffee.
B. Coffee became more popular in the western world thanks to the Yemeni sufis that drank
coffee outside Africa.
C. How coffee first got produced and consumed outside Ethiopia is still a question yet to be
answered.
D. Coffee can prevent us from getting some dangerous diseases such as diabetes.
E. Coffee had come out of Africa even before the westerners found out about it.
No. 16
Which sentence below is the best fit for the blank in paragraph three?
A. Many businesses grew out of these specialized coffee houses.
B. The early drinkers were firm believers in its medicinal properties.
C. Not only did the patrons drink coffee and engage in conversation, but they also listened to
music, watched performers, played chess and kept current on the news.
D. Coffee began to replace the common breakfast drink beverages of the time — beer and wine.
E. Missionaries and travelers, traders and colonists continued to carry coffee seeds to new
lands, and coffee trees were planted worldwide.

No. 17

“Coffee was first spread and consumed outside of Ethiopia by the sufis in Yemen.”
Is it possible to dispute this statement using information mentioned in the passage?
A. Yes, since it’s mentioned that the Middle East and Ottoman Empire also contributed to its
spread.
B. Yes, as it is stated that the Oromo people were the first to discover the benefits of coffee.
C. No, as it is especially stressed how the historic records indicated that they were the first
drinkers of coffee.
D. No, because all other peoples mentioned in the passage started consuming coffee after the
Sufis.
E. Yes, since it is hinted that there exist mixed accounts about how coffee spread outside of
Africa.

No. 18

If coffee houses ______ to the middle east and Ottoman Empire, Western traders
probably wouldn’t have brought coffee back home.
A. didn’t spread
B. hadn’t spread
C. wouldn’t spread
D. wouldn’t have spread
E. were not spread

No. 19
“More than two billion cups of coffee are drunk every day and for many, working
life would feel impossible without it.”
What meaning does the modal ‘would’ carry in this context?
A. it shows a possibility
B. it shows a request
C. it shows a habit in the past
D. it shows a hypothetical situation
E. it shows a wish
No. 20
According to the passage, coffee is proven to have many _____ including
association with lower risk of getting diabetes and death from heart diseases.
Which one is the best fit to fill the blank?
A. perks
B. gratifications
C. comforts
D. welfares
E. conveniences
 KUNCI JAWABAN

NOMOR SOAL KUNCI JAWABAN

1 A
2 E
3 C
4 B
5 B
6 A
7 B
8 A
9 A
10 C
11 D
12 C
13 A
14 B
15 B
16 B
17 E
18 B
19 D
20 A