RETHIN KING PLASTICS

Can the Construction Industry Solve the World’s Plastic Crisis?

Making roads and buildings with the plastic we trash …
… could potentially avert synthetic Armageddon.

July 11, 1907, was a big day in the history of unintended consequences. It was when Belgian
chemist Leo Baekeland figured out how to synthesize a moldable, near-indestructible material
cheaply from formaldehyde and phenol — Bakelite, as he would call the world’s first wholly
synthetic plastic. To mark the occasion, he jotted this in his diary:
“Unless I’m very much mistaken, this invention will prove important in the future”
Not his fault, perhaps, but with a little over a century’s hindsight, that now sounds like a
supervillain’s cruel, sarcastic joke. Since then we have managed to discard into the sea somewhere
upward of 5.25 trillion separate pieces of plastic debris. That’s something like 20 times more bits of
floating and sunken junk in our oceans than there are stars in our galaxy. And that’s not taking into
account the immense amounts of plastic waste that end up in landfill sites — around 27 million
tons per year in the U.S. alone, according to the EPA.
So yes, it’s proved very important, Leo : Alongside global warming, certain pandemics we might
want to avoid mentioning and nuclear war, there aren’t too many more momentous threats we
face as a species than that mass-produced thing you invented.

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Of course, we all by now appreciate the scale of the problem, even if we can’t quite fathom the
numbers and compute how we transformed the oceans into synthetic-polymer soup in such a
short space of time. Public awareness about plastic pollution has ballooned massively in the past
few years, and behavioral norms have shifted around recycling to a huge extent.
“More than 300 million tons of new plastic are produced annually and less than 10 percent is recycled”,
so, we need some big-picture solutions.
“What we need is a paradigm shift in how we construct and design”.
Yet, even though the current anti-plastic mood seems to be the one thing we can all agree on, on
the supply side, global industry’s hunger for cheap, durable materials and packaging doesn’t seem
to be easing off any. The efforts we hear about tend to be look-at-us attempts by fashion brands to
use upcycled recovered plastic in certain lines of clothes and sneakers, or baby-steps campaigns in
recent years from the likes of Bacardi and McDonald’s aimed at weaning people off plastic straws.
While by no means meager aspirations set against the whole torrent of worldwide virgin-plastic
production, such consumer-corporate efforts are always going to be faltering and piecemeal. By
themselves, recycled ice-cream tubs and cream-cheese packs, or for God’s sake, edible coffee
cups, are all Band-Aids (single-use plastic items, btw) on a rapidly metastasizing global tumor.
For decades, companies have relied on disposable plastic packaging to bag and contain products
worldwide. Today, the staggering detrimental effects of this plastic dependence are well-known:
since the 1950’s, over 9 billion tons of plastic have been produced, only 9% of which was recycled;
around the world, one million plastic bottles are bought every minute and two million plastic bags
are used every minute; and per the Plastic Pollution Coalition, by 2050, the oceans will contain
more plastic than fish by weight. Moreover, plastic is a petroleum product, and its production only
further contributes to the devastating climate effects of mass fossil fuel use.

As concerns over pollution and global warming escalate, other humanitarian issues, notably
homelessness, remain equally pressing. According to the United Nations Human Settlements
Program, 1.6 billion people around the world live in inadequate housing, and available data
suggests that over 100 million people have no housing at all. In Sub-Saharan Africa alone, the
immediate need for low-cost housing is 160 million units and is expected to increase to 350 million
by 2050. Moreover, COVID-19 has only exacerbated this issue of homelessness and the houseless
have been especially vulnerable to contracting the disease.

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 ARE THERE ALTERNAVITES?
Linear & Circular Metabolism

Circular Product Cycle

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 “The future city makes
no distinction between
waste and supply”

PLASTICS WASTE
PERFORMANCE COMPOSITE URBAN
MATERIALS MINING AND RECYCLING

SAND MYCELIUM
ALTERNATIVES CULTIVATED BUILDING
MATERIALS

We are at a turning point in our effort to convey that plastics carry a commercial value,
to establish robust supply chains and to share replicable models for recycling.

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The ZENAS Building Materials Manufacture from Waste solution.
Using one of the world's problems to solve another is the philosophy behind the ZENAS Solution's
mission to develop building materials and housing from 100% recycled plastic.
The impetus for recycled plastic building materials begins with a simple observation:
Where many see an eyesore, others find a business opportunity.
These folks see “mountains of cash in mountains of trash,” and many successful recycling operations
begin with this observation.
ZENAS's process involves shredding plastic waste and mixing it with other elements, including
non-flammable materials.
Plastic Building Materials, for instance, are made with ~30% plastic waste and ~70% sand. The
discarded plastic comes in many forms and types and have various melting points. Separating all
this material can be a rather lengthy and expensive operation.
But, in the case of recycled building materials, this mixture can be processed without the need for
separation thanks to the technical developments and experimentations of our dedicate engineers,
researchers and technicians staff.
For the manufacture of the building materials, the plastic is separated into hard and soft material,
diced into small pieces, combined and then melted. This plastic mixture is blended with sand and a
pigment and melted again. The resultant blend is then molded into shapes and cooled.
These recycled plastic building materials will wear longer than metal roofing and there is no
asbestos padding involved. The addition of sand to the mix gives these materials considerable
durability and it is environmentally safe and does not emit harmful substances.

The Raw Materials need for Manufacturing

POLYMER (the plastic binder): There are all kinds of polymer and products made of it and polymer
waste used in production. Exception is special aimed products with high content of rubber or with
other touch, however they are trifling part. So, practically any polymer that could be find at the
dust-heap, can be used. Hard Polymer (ABS, Polystyrene) +Soft Polymer (LDPE, HDPE,
Polypropylene) 30%+70%.
SAND: Could be from different types: river sand, sea sand, desert sand, foundry sand, stone dust
from crusher plant, mining waste ( wastes from iron ore mining ), recycled sand from demolition,
etc. The presence of clay admixture is till 10%. Humidity is not dangerous, but can influence the
productivity. The recommended index of humidity is 10~15 %, so it is possible to use additional
drying aggregate. The higher content of quartz can improve the form of produced goods. The
presence of stones or any other elements with Ø > 6 mm can damage the press forms and molding
equipments.
DYEING PIGMENT: The dye recommended is organic or synthetical ferric oxide.
PLASTICIZER: Polyurethane (not essential 1.5%, recommended recovered from refrigerator insulation).

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Recycled Plastic Building Materials
A wide variety of products could be manufactured, such as:
• masonry blocks and panels;
• partitions for walls, ceilings and floors;
• eaves and jambs for doors and windows;
• floors and roof tiles;
• blocks for sidewalk and parking floors;
• plastic wood for coverings, decks, roof structure;
• pillars & posts;
• fences & walls;
• furniture.
Many other items are also made from recycled plastic, some with more plastic content than
others. They include bags, rugs and mats, blankets, bottles, planters, dog collars, shoes, decking,
fencing, and indoor / outdoor furniture, and a plethora of other materials.
The manufactured materials are
shockproof and will not break if dropped
from a height. Importantly the materials
do not absorb moisture and are very easy
to clean, if do desired.
The Recycled Building Materials are
becoming increasingly available and are
virtually indistinguishable from ceramic
and concrete. They also have the added
advantage of being cheaper than natural
ceramic and concrete materials as well as
most metal products.
The materials can be used for stone, brick, wooden buildings, both in new construction and in
reconstructed property.
Quality recycled building materials have a high degree of noise insulation and low thermal
conductivity. Resistant to temperature changes, the materials remain cool in summer and add
warmth during the winter.
Lastly, these materials do not interfere with the reception of radio waves, television programs and
does not attract electricity.
The Recycled Building Materials could be considered as a marketing success products, since they
are Attractive, Inexpensive and Good for the Environment.
"We need to change the way we produce, the way we live and interact in our cities to make this
transition to net-zero emissions a reality…
And as the last year has illustrated so dramatically, we need to make every effort that we keep
populations healthy, if we want to avoid jeopardizing all this progress."

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The Future of Plastic
While many people talk about plastic as a material that should be eradicated, it does have
remarkable uses. But there is a dire need to change our thinking. The irony is that when recycled
plastic was invented it was used to try and solve environmental problems like reducing the hunting
of elephants for ivory and to provide protective sheaths for electrical wiring.

There is undoubtedly too much virgin plastic being produced worldwide and during the process,
there are too many other natural resources being depleted. Added to this, too many consumers
have no knowledge or concern about the use and disposal of plastic products. They simply don’t
care!
We, as a global presence company, need to focus more on the reuse, recycling, and remanufacture
of plastic, which is exactly what plastic recycling companies can do so successfully.
Ultimately, we need to eradicate plastic waste by making it useful, and there is no doubt that the
Construction & Building sector is well positioned to find solutions.

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Polymer Sand technology

Technology and raw materials used

The construction industry, as well as the construction materials market, is a dynamically developing and
promising sphere of the world economy with a high degree of competition.
In modern conditions, new types of materials appear on the market, possessing unique properties and
consumer qualities, which distinguishes them from the classical types of substitute goods.
It is to these types of products and include products made of sand-polymer composites, combining the best
properties of both concrete and plastic building materials (high strength and reliability, durability, light
weight, attractive appearance and ease of installation).

The composition of the polymer sand composite

Polymer-Sand composite is an artificially created material that does not occur in nature and combines
qualities uncharacteristic of other materials.
The material is obtained as a result of a uniform mixing of the main components (filler + polymer), subject to
a specified temperature regime, as a result of which the polymer coats each particle of the filler. With the
subsequent molding and solidification of the polymer, the sand mass forms a homogeneous monolithic
structure with high strength.
For the preparation of a composite mixture, the following constituents are used:
SAND

SAND

The main filler of the composite mixture is sand, while the technology allows the use of other - similar to
sand fillers of mineral and other origin (waste of mining and processing plants, foundry sand waste,
screening, etc.). When using sand, a fraction up to 3 mm is applied, preferably without clay inclusions & with
a moisture content of 0.1% to 10.3%.
The technology under consideration allows to achieve good performance on sand with high humidity, and it
should be borne in mind that with the use of sand with low humidity productivity increases.

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POLYMERS

POLYMERS
As the polymer component of the mixture, both primary and secondary polymers can be used. Considering
polymer sandwich technology, it is the use of secondary polymers that is the most attractive and cost-
effective solution due to the low cost of recycled materials.
Polymers of various groups (HDPE, PVD, etc.) can be used for production. Technology allows the use of
polymers of different groups, while an important condition is the selection of polymers with the same
melting point.

PIGMENTS

PIGMENTS
As pigments that impart color to the finished product, both mineral and organic dyes of a wide range of
colors from different manufacturers can be used. When choosing organic dyes, one should take into
account their resistance to UV rays, as well as to the influence of high temperatures during the preparation
of a polymer sand mixture.
Sources of polymer raw materials

Primary polymers
the use of primary polymers is a guarantee of the quality of the raw materials, the raw materials
are already prepared for production and do not require any additional processing. The main
disadvantage from the use of primary polymers is their incommensurably high cost in
comparison with secondary species, which leads to a significant increase in the cost of the
finished product.

Secondary polymers
sources of secondary raw materials can serve as points of acceptance and collection of waste,
sorting plants, solid waste landfills, enterprises that produce polymer products (plastics plants -
production waste, gates, straw, etc.), other organizations that collect, sort and process & nbsp;
polymeric materials.

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Requirements for Production Site
For organization of the production line for manufacture of polymer-sand products, usually it is enough to
take into account the following requirements:

STAFF

just 2 people with the work of production in one shift

SAND

most often used a regular career or river sand

POLYMERIC Raw Materials

secondary polymers purchased at processing plants for recycling in your

region, primary polymers are purchased from specialized suppliers

PIGMENTS (dyes)

acquired at specialized trading companies and suppliers

ELECTRICAL Power Supply

a production area requires 380V power supply

WATER

required for mold cooling, can be used both running water from the water
supply system, and recirculating with installation of a tank (if there is no
water supply)

INDUSTRIAL Premisses

in most cases, production requires space not exceeding 150 m²

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Example of layout and location of the equipment

1. Site of crushing and preparation of raw materials

2. Site of preparing polymer-sand mixture to pressing
3. Site of pressing polymer-sand mixture in products
4. Site of cooling and prepositioning of finished products

Installation of equipment

Installation of polymer-sand production equipments can be carried out independently by the Customer in
compliance with the requirements issued by our company, as well as through consultation of our experts.

The best option is installation of equipment by our specialists within a few days if the site is prepared, the
preparation of production site requirements for commissioning works are issued separately.

We provide services for commissioning, installation and training.

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Comparative Characteristics of Materials
Products made of polymer-sand composites are advanced artificially created materials that are widely used
in the construction industry.
Due to the composition and structure the polymer-sand composite products combine themselves a
complex of consumer qualities not inherent in like products-substitutes, made from traditional materials.
Comparative characteristics of polymer-sand products on the example of roof tiles

Product type Roofing Material type Weight of 1 m2 Lifetime, warranty Cost for 1m2
CERAMIC more than 100 years,
Baked clay +dye from 50 kg from 15
tile a 30 years guarantee
POLYMER-SAND 70% sand, more than 100 years,
18.5 kg from 10
roof tile 30% binder resin, dye a 50 years guarantee
CEMENT-SAND about 50 years,
Silica sand + cement + dye from 40 kg from 10
tile a 30 years guarantee
+ 0.5 mm metal sheet
METAL about 15~20 years,
+ protective coating of several 4 ~ 6 kg from 8
shingle a 5 years guarantee
tens of microns
from 15
BITUMINOUS Fiberglass impregnated with about 30 years,
4 ~ 6 kg (with cost of required
(soft) tile bitumen a 10 years guarantee
water-resistant plate)
CORRUGATED Cardboard impregnated with about 20 years,
3 ~ 4 kg from 4
sheets (Onduline type) bitumen a 10 years guarantee

Type Benefi ts Disadvantages

CERAMIC tile
1. Durability of the roof (belongs to high-quality products). 1. Large mass of material that requires a strengthening
2. Noble appearance. of the supporting structure of the roof.
3. Safety of all qualities and characteristics for decades. 2. Fragility of the material, it is easily cracked.
4. Excellent heat and sound insulation. 3. Complexity and high cost of installation, it is difficult
5. Resistance to temperature fluctuations. to process when sawing.
6. Resistance to aggressive media. 4. Porous surface promotes development of
7. Ease of use and simplicity of the roof repairs. microorganisms.
8. Environmental friendly. 5. Relatively high price (price of quality tiles starts from
9. Fire safety. 15 c.u.)
POLYMER-SAND roof tiles
1. Durability 1. Availability at roofing market of low-quality products
2. Presentable appearance as that of a natural tile. from manufacturers who do not respect the
3. Save all the properties and characteristics for decades (tested in production technology and using unstable colorants.
different climatic zones). 2. The products are unknown on the market as a kind of
4. Excellent heat and sound insulation. roofing material, low awareness of consumer product
5. Resistance to temperature fluctuations and impact of micro- properties.
organisms (absence of surface porosity).
6. Resistance to aggressive media.
7. High strength of the material (not beating at random falls during
assembly and repair of the roof).
8. Easily processed (cut with a hacksaw or "Bulgarian" without the
use of special cutting blades).
9. It does not require reinforcement of roof structure.
10. Ease of use and simplicity of maintenance of the roof.
11. Environmental friendly.
12. Low price, taking into account preparation of truss construction.

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 Type Benefits Disadvantages
CEMENT-SAND roof tiles
1. Durability (belongs to high-quality products). 1. Large mass of the tiles requires a strengthening of the
2. Noble appearance. supporting structure of the roof.
3. Maintaining of all properties and characteristics for decades. 2. Fragility of the material, it is easily cracked.
4. Excellent heat and sound insulation. 3. Porous structure affects the frost resistance
(temperature changes), favorable for the
5. Ease of use and simplicity of maintenance of the roof.
development of microorganisms.
6. Environmental friendly.
4. High labor intensity and high cost of installation.
7. Fire safety.
8. Relatively low cost.

METAL shingle
1. Low weight, does not require reinforcement of truss 1. Non-durable roof.
construction. 2. Low heat and sound insulation, which leads to
2. Resistance to temperature fluctuations and "blooms" due to increased demands on thermal insulation and
absence of porosity. expenses for heat and sound insulation underlying
3. It is easy to be processed. materials.
4. Easy and quick installation. 3. Exposure to corrosion, which is especially evident in a
humid climate.
5. Environmental friendly.
4. Need for lightning devices.
6. Fire safety.
5. High wind resistance and likelihood of resonance
oscillations of sheets.<
6. Observe care when mounting to avoid damage to the
protective coating.
7. Large quantity of waste, especially for complex
geometry of the roof..
8. Unhandy in operation.

BETUMINOUS (soft) tile

1. Low weight, does not require reinforcement of truss 5. Need to use water-resistant wooden boards, which
construction. doubles the cost of coverage.
2. Excellent heat and sound insulation. 6. Low resistance to temperature extremes and
3. Ease of handling and installation of the roof material. mechanical stresses, leading to cracks and breaks.
4. Ability to cover complex shapes of curved roof. 7. Unhandy in operation (requires accuracy in handling).
8. Exposure to aggressive environments and UV rays,
the effects of microorganisms.
9. Fire hazard.
10. Rather high price.

CORRUGATED sheets (Onduline type)

1. Low weight, does not require reinforcement of truss 5. Non-durable.
construction. 6. Exposure to aggressive environments and UV rays,
2. Ease of handling and installation of the roof material. the effects of microorganisms.
3. Ease of operation and maintenance. 7. Tendency to fade.
4. Relatively low cost. 8. Large quantity of waste, especially for complex
geometry of the roof.
9. >High windage.
10. Fire hazard.

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Polymer Recycling
Waste of polymers make up about 13,5% of all household waste. In one year, it produced almost 11,3
million tons of plastic waste in Brazil, most of which is stored in landfills, and only about 1,4% is recycled.
The most effective way of disposing of waste of polymer production including polyethylene, - it is their
recycling and reprocessing.
Of the portion of plastic waste, only 145 thousand tons are recycled, or 1.28% of the total, compared to the
global average of 9% and rates of 34.6% and 21.9% in the United States and China, respectively.
Of all types of plastic produced in Brazil, PET (acronym for polyethylene terephthalate), used in soda and
mineral water bottles, has the highest recycling rate, reaching 60%.
According to Ibope research cited by the 2018 survey, 75% of Brazilians do not separate recyclables. Of
these, 39% did not separate organic waste from the rest. And 77% knew that plastic is recyclable, but only
40% actually recycled the material.
Studies carried out on the amount of waste on 170 Brazilian beaches show that most of these locations
(54%) are dirty or extremely dirty.
Also according to the survey, in the ranking of the biggest polluters in the ocean by plastic, Brazil occupies
the 16th position.

Processing and recycling of secondary polymers

Re-use of polymers for manufacture of building materials - this is a relatively new area of processing of
secondary polymers. Composition for manufacture of a composite mixture of polymer-sand products
includes sand (or other filler), polymer and a dye. Lines for production of polymer-sand product can be set
for manufacture of various materials, such as tiles, paving slabs, paving stones, etc. It is effective to allocate
the line where there is access to cheap polymer feedstock (for example, plastics factory or landfill).
Polymer recycling and production of polymer-sand complex equipment is a specialty of our company.

Recycling plastics, polyethylene, composition materials

Sources of polymeric materials may be companies that produce plastic products and have rejected items, as
well as places of collection and sorting of plastic waste (polyethylene, plastic, composition materials).

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In the first stage of processing the secondary raw materials are being prepared for charging into the
extruder. For this plastic waste is crushed or, in the case of polyethylene, it is agglomerated. Crushers exist
for all types of polymers such as soft (polyethylene) and rigid (plastic). The resulting secondary raw
materials are used as part of a composite polymer mixture for the production of polymer-sand products.
The quality of products depends on the raw material – to ensure high quality it is recommended to use a
homogeneous polymers having similar melting temperatures. Recycled polymeric raw materials (granules)
are also to be sold to other organizations.

Disposal of plastic production waste

Plastic waste is divided into waste of polymer production and household waste. Household waste usually
are hard to dispose as they are heavily polluted. It is the most cost-effective to process clean production
waste (defective products, trimming), which do not require sorting. Installation of line for production of
polymer-sand building materials helps to solve the issue of disposal of polymers at the enterprise, as well as
not have to pay for the disposal of waste and to make a profit.
Disposal of polymers is of great ecological importance, because the polymers decomposition process in the
natural environment takes for more than 100 years and has a negative impact on the environment.

Polymers recycling equipments

Polymer products (tiles, slabs, paving stones) are widely used in construction and landscaping and are in
steady demand. Starting the processing line is not only the best solution to the problem of waste polymers
but also highly profitable business.

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Wood-Polymer Composite
In the world market today, the material is widely distributed, not distinguishable from the tree in
appearance and even to the touch, but possessing all the best properties of plastic - Wood-Polymer
Composite (otherwise called DPC, liquid wood, wood-plastic). The material uniquely combines the
aesthetic properties of wood with the manufacturability and durability of plastic.
The first production of the WPC was launched in Sweden in 1977. The experience was not very successful -
the demand was not significant, and the deterioration of the process equipment was very high.
Developments in the field of the WPC resumed only in the <90s years, but immediately in several
countries: Finland, Sweden, Germany, Italy, Holland, Japan and the USA.

The main product of the WPC production was a deck (deck) board - decking. The most widespread it has
acquired in countries in which the lifestyle of the main part of the population assumes the presence of
terraces for recreation in the house. Residents of Italy, the United States, and Germany appreciated the
aesthetics and properties of the board from the WPC, allowing the terrace to be designed, no longer
thinking about coloring, material damage from the effects of precipitation and phenomena, creaking and
decay of floorboards.
The production of WPC is environmentally friendly, which is important in modern conditions. WPC is 70%
of wood or straw flour, derived from the remains of the woodworking industry. Wood flour is mixed with
the polymer (polyethylene), evenly stained and extruded into extrusion into a board shape. WPC does not
emit harmful substances, which is also of great importance for the comfortable use of products in private
construction.

The advantages of a quality terraced board from the WPC in front of the tree are obvious:
• Low moisture absorption, as a result of which there is practically no deformation of products under natural
conditions.
• High resistance to damage and UV decay. Thanks to the coloring throughout the thickness, the board is practically
not subject to discoloration.
• High strength (reinforced board withstands the weight of a car and can be used including in garages and parking
places).
• Moderate fire resistance.
• Low expansion factor, stable geometry.
• Low thermal conductivity: it does not burn in the sun and frost, it has the properties of thermal conductivity of
natural wood.
• Resistance to decay, mold, fungi, cracking and splitting.
• After laying does not require special treatment and painting, maintenance costs
• Has the appearance and aesthetics of natural wood, is also processed easily
• It is recyclable after use by 100%.
• It has no defects (knots, crevices), the corrugated structure prevents slipping even with a wet surface.

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Working with a terrace board.
• Work with a terraced board as easily as with a natural tree, this does not require special tools. For best results, use
saws with fewer teeth (eg 18 - 24 for 45 cm blades).
• Any self-tapping screws, preferably of stainless steel or with an anti-corrosion coating, are suitable for working
with DPC to match the durability of a terraced board from the WPC.
• Due to its properties, a terrace board made of WPC is suitable for facing outside and inside premises, except for
unventilated rooms with high humidity.

Guarantees and Use.

The warranty service life of products from the WPC is 10 years, the estimated service life is not less than
50 years, even in harsh weather conditions. When using the products, remember that 70% of the products
are made of natural wood and require appropriate treatment.
The use of decking from the WPC significantly saves money in the future, because they are unpretentious,
not subject to parasites, putrefaction, fading and deformation. Initially, flooring from the WPC will be more
expensive than flooring from inexpensive wood species, but after several years due to lack of maintenance
and additional processing, the prices of decking will be comparable, while the appearance of the flooring
from the WPC will be unchanged throughout the entire service life.
Caring for products WPC is simple: washing with water from a hose (maximum - using a brush).
The WPC board is moisture resistant, so dirt and debris do not stick to it.
Application of WPC
• The terrace board is suitable for outdoor terraces, balconies, gazebos, in the areas around swimming pools, on
private verandas and verandas of hotels, restaurants and clubs, for finishing piers and so on.
• The garden parquet looks good in the winter gardens, on the balconies, for laying out the garden paths.
• Wall panels are used both for finishing external facades of buildings, and find application in design solutions for
finishing offices, shops, restaurants, clubs and so on.
• Shops, fences, arbours from the WPC are used both in the private sector, and in parks, on quays, on public public
areas.

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Hollow Composite Decking
The WPC decking can replace wooden decking and wood preservative decking to be long-time used in
outdoor, port, dock, seaside, wetlands, water platform, park roads, and many other landscaping and
municipal projects.

Herdando as características da madeira natural - bonito e confortável, o Decking WPC Hollow Flooring
pode ter vários tamanhos e cores conforme as necessidades de marketing. O comprimento e a textura da
madeira podem ser personalizados de acordo com as necessidades dos clientes.
Application of WPC Hollow Decking
Easy and convenient, the WPC decking can be installed in any way you like. The application of WPC decking
is not restricted by the field and environment. Its advantages are fully typified in the garden, park, club,
residential quarters, landscaping, bridge, dock, and many other outdoor places, satisfying the psychological
pursuit of people in modern city. The WPC products are fresh and elegant, embodied with artistic flavor,
bringing freshness from the nature.
Characteristics of WPC Hollow Decking
1. High density, high strength, clean, beautiful, service life is 3 times longer than that of ordinary wooden materials,
can be 100% recycled.
2. Acid and alkali corrosion resistance, waterproof, anti-moth, anti-fungus, anti-bacteria, can be used in open air.
3. Can be recycled for second processing; can be sawed, nailed, drilled and dug. Don't need to be painted. The shape,
color and size also can be adjusted as clients require.
 50 Year Transferable Limited Material Warranty
GENERAL. All ZENAS~PolySand™ Licensed Products (“Product”) purchased by ZENAS~PolySand shall not be liable for any direct or indirect, special,
the Customer have a 50 Year Transferable Limited Material Warranty incidental or consequential loss or damage suffered by Customer such as
(“Warranty”). water damage to the interior or exterior of a building or residence or to any
property contained therein, loss of profits or damages for mental distress.
COVERAGE: ECOPORE Ltda. (“ZENAS~Polysand”) warrants to the
original purchaser (“Customer”), its Product installed at the property owned CLAIM PROCESS: Customer must notify ZENAS~PolySand in writing of any
by the Customer with the address indicated in Warranty Registration defects in the Product detected at the time of delivery or within 30 days after
application, will be free from manufacturing defects that cause leaks, defect has been noticed during the Warranty period. This Notice along with a
peeling, warping, rotting, separating, flaking when subject to normal use and copy of Warranty Registration must be sent to the address listed at the end of
conditi-ons. ZENAS~Polysand warrants its Product against fading in excess this Warranty. Failure to provide the above information within a specified
of four (4) Hunter units (in accordance with ASTM D2244) beyond normal period of time will void the Warranty. Customer may be required to submit
weathe-ring in the area in which the Product is installed. Normal weathering samples of any defective material to ZENAS~PolySand for laboratory
is defined as exposure to sunlight and extremes of weather and atmosphere analysis. If a Customer submits to ZENAS~PolySand a Notice of defective
which will cause any colored surface to gradually fade. The severity of any Product, ZENAS~PolySand shall have a reasonable time, in its sole
of these conditions depends upon the geographical location of the property, discretion: (1) to correct those defects by repairing or replacing any defective
the cleanliness of the air and other local influences over which Product; or (2) to provide replacement Product to the Customer and pay the
ZENAS~Polysand has no control. Claims related to fading or discoloration full reasonable cost of labor to replace defective Product. After ten (10) years
must be reported within ten (10) years from the date of the original Product of purchase of the Product, labor cost will no longer be covered and the
purchase. If the claim is approved by ZENAS~PolySand, the original amount amount of Product provided to the Customer in option (2) above will be
paid for the Product will be refunded to the customer. reduced to reflect the amount of use Customer have received from Product
through the date of the claim. The amount of use will be calculated by
VALIDITY: In order for this Warranty to be effective, Customer must comple- dividing the number of months which have elapsed since installation to the
te and return a signed Warranty Registration application to ZENAS~Polysand date of the claim by the 600 (the number of months in the Warranty period). If
at the address listed at the end of this Warranty within 60 (sixty) days of ZENAS~PolySand elects option (2) above, Customer shall have responsibility
installation. ZENAS~PolySand reserves the right to carry out an inspection to select the contractor to remove the Product and perform the installation of
of the installation prior to granting the Warranty. replacement Products. Any replacement Products shall be warranted only for
the balance of the Warranty period remaining at the time the Products were
TRANSFERABILITY: If there is a change in ownership, the Warranty may replaced.
be transferred under the terms and conditions of this Warranty to the new
owner within the first 10 years after the original purchaser buys the Product.
NOTE: ZENAS~PolySand notes that replacement tiles may have a gloss or
The effective date of the Warranty will remain the date of original purchase color difference due to normal weathering and such difference is not
by the original property owner. The Warranty can be transferred only once considered defective.
after the original owner. To maintain coverage under this Warranty, the
transferee must provide the following to ZENAS~PolySand at the address
PRODUCT CHANGES. ZENAS~PolySand reserves the right to discontinue
listed at the end of this Warranty within 60 (sixty) days of the transfer: 1)
or change its Product, including colors and shapes without giving notice to the
documents that prove the transfer of ownership; 2) proof of the purchase
Customer or subsequent owner. In the event of such discontinuance or
date of the Product; 3) proof that the transfer is taking place within 10 years
change, ZENAS~PolySand reserves the right in its sole discretion to
of the original purchase; 4) any fees required in order to process the
substitute a product that is of equal quality or price for the repair or
transfer of original Warranty. Failure to provide the above information within
replacement of any defective Product.
A specified period of time will void the Warranty.
LIMITATIONS: ZENAS~PolySand shall not be liable to Customer for any THIS WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND REPLACES ALL OTHER
direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential loss or damage WARRANTIES, CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND GUARANTEES,
attributable to faulty or negligent installation of the Product. This Warranty WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WHETHER BY STATUTE, AT LAW OR
does not cover any damage to or defect in the Product directly or indirectly, IN EQUITY, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
wholly or partly attributable to the misuse, abuse or neglect of the Product, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THIS
including any damage to the Product resulting from exposure of the Product WRITTEN WARRANTY IS YOUR EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FROM
to chemicals, solvents, paints, coating, cleaners, any damage resulting from ZENAS~POLYSAND AND REPRESENTS THE SOLE REMEDY AVAILABLE
fire, earthquake, flood, lightning, hurricane, tornado or other casualty or act TO ANY OWNER. POLYSAND MAKES NO OTHER REPRESENTATIONS,
of God. Discoloration or staining related to shading from trees, bushes or CONDITION, GUARANTEE, OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND OTHER THAN
any other natural vegetation is not covered. Discoloration, damage or
THAT STATED HEREIN.
warping related from chimney exhaust or other heat sources is not covered.
This Warranty will not cover any damages caused by insects, animals, This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the
algae or moss. This warranty will not cover damage done while accessing laws of the State of São Paulo and the federal laws of Brazil applicable therein.
the roof for construction or maintenance. The Warranty further excludes any Except as otherwise provided herein, the parties agree that the courts of the
damage to the Product caused by inadequate ventilation of the roofing State of São Paulo will have exclusive jurisdiction to determine all disputes
system or caused by the installation of the Product in a manner not in and claims arising under or pursuant to this Agreement.
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and specifications
and or local building codes.

Any information under this warranty should be delivered to ZENAS~PolySand at Avenida Presidente Castelo Branco 272, Mauá, São Paulo - Brazil – 09320-590, or
at our email: zenas@ecopore.com

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Registering Your Warranty
To register your new ZENAS~PolySand Product and receive a Warranty Certificate, please complete
the form below, and send it to:
Avenida Presidente Castelo Branco 272, Mauá, SP, Brazil, 09320-590
or to:
zenas@ecopore.com.

Transferring a warranty
A new owner can have the warranty transferred to their name by sending a written notice of change
of ownership, with reference to the address of the roof installation, to ECOPORE Ltda.

Warranty Registration Form

Owner’s Information
Full Name: _____________________________________________________________________
Last First M.I.

Building Address: _____________________________________________________________________

Street Address

_____________________________________________________________________________
City Province/State Postal/ZIP Code

Phone: _______________________ Email: ________________________________________

Product quantity: _______________ Product type: ________________ Product Code: ___________

Product Color: _______________ Installation date: __________ Purchased from: ______________

Installed by: _________________________________________________________________________

To assist other homeowners who may be interested in viewing homes with your color and style of tiles, we would like to
include your installation address in our database. No other information than your address and color will be released.

🗆Yes, you may include me in your database 🗆 No, please do not include me

Date: ________________________ By: ______________________________________________________

Signature

Send completed form to:

Av. Presidente Castelo Branco 272, Mauá, SP, Brazil, 09320-590
This form may also be emailed to zenas@ecopore.com

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Plastic waste recycling is
very much in the news,
but its useful to recall that
recycling in general is an
age-old tradition. From
hand me down clothes to
preservative jars, it is a
testament to both human
practicality and ingenuity.
Previous to the current
attention to plastic waste
recycling, the practice
was very much part of our
culture during World War
II. The enthusiasm for
recycling plastic, like so
many other conscious-
raising phenomena, was
not a major preoccupa-
tion until the 1960s.
Plastic waste recycling has grown rapidly in the years since. Shops and stores are now full of a
variety of products like clothing, toys or furniture that have been fashioned from recycled plastics.
By the 1980s and the ensuing decades these efforts originated the use of HDPE and PET, which
were developed with idea of plastic waste recycling in mind. Also, the adoption of a coding system
helped consumers recognize which plastics were recyclable and which ones were not.
Plastic waste recycling in a more complicated process than, say, paper, metal or glass. More steps
are involved and additional additives are usually required. In most instances, the parts are cleaned
and sliced into smaller pieces and chunks. These, in turn, are melted down and turned into pellets.
From here, these pellets are used to make new plastic products, sometimes in toto and sometimes
in combination with virgin plastic resin.
While plastic waste recycling has grown considerably over the years, there is still much work to be
done – both in the creation of virgin resin and in the recycling processes themselves. Fortunately,
there seems to be a new breakthrough in the plastics industry on a daily basis and many experts
are predict a near total elimination of plastic waste is on the horizon.

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Plastic Coding System Guide For Resin Types
The Plastics Coding System use a number (1 – 7) on each plastic product that is manufactured. This is
particularly helpful for those interested in recycling plastic as knowledge about the 7 types of plastics can
help recyclers sort their materials more effectively. It can be helpful to always verify the plastic
classification number of each product you use, especially if you plan on recycling it, This guide provides a
basic outline of the different plastic types associated with each code number.

Number 1 - in the plastic coding system refers to all items made with PET or PETE (polyethylene
terephthalate). Many PET products are containers that often have the residue of the food and drink that
are retained within. PET and PETE are commonly recycled. Plastic bottles and jars are the main items along
with combs, tote bags, carpeting and rope. PET bottles and containers have a 96% market share in the
United Staters. Plastic Coding System.
Number 2 - in the plastic coding system refers to HDPE (high-density polyethylene). HDPE plastic products
are known for their protective fabrication and the prevention of any chemical seepage into foods or
beverages. Still, reuse should be limited. It is not considered safe to utilize an HDPE container for food or
drink unless that was its original purpose. Like PET, HDPE products are frequently recycled. Items made
from HDPE include packaging for shampoo, milk, soap and detergents. The recycling of HDPE often
produces fencing, crates and lumber.
Number 3 - is made with PVC (polyvinyl chloride). Their applications are generally divided on the basis of
the hardness of products – rigid or flexible. While its often used to make pipes and tiles, PVC is usually
found in plumbing pipes. PVC can be harmful if swallowed, and it is not recycled as often as PET and HDPE. .
Recycled PVC is used to make binders, cables, carpet backing, flooring, park benches, pipe, speed bumps
and traffic cones.

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Number 4 - is the material LDPE (low-density polyethylene). While it is durable and flexible LDPE does not
have a significant recycling footprint, but it is certainly recyclable in particular areas. Harmful chemicals are
not a concern with LDPE and food storage applications are usually a good fit. Plastic grocery bags, sandwich
bags, squeezable bottles are manufactured with LDPE. When it is recycled, LDPE is used to make
household products, garbage cans, lumber, furniture and many other low-end items. Currently, many
recycling programs are learning how to work with LDPE products and less and less of the material will be
landfill-bound in the future.
Number 5 - are items made with PP
(polypropylene). Polypropylene can be
recycled but, like LDPE, it has a relatively
small footprint in this sector. PP is strong and
is known for its ability to withstand very high
temperatures. Tupperware is manufactured
with PP as are many bottle types and caps,
stadium cups, diapers, yogurt boxes and
margarine containers. When it is recycled, PP
is used to make items that have a durable
quality. Battery cables, rakes, ice scrapers,
brooms, bins and trays are common
applications.
Number 6 - is made with polystyrene (PS), more commonly known Styrofoam. Yes, PS can be recycled, but
not very efficiently. While technology is improving, recycling PC currently takes a lot of energy and few
recyclers are inclined to deal with it. Disposable coffee cups, plastic food boxes, plastic cutlery, packing
foam, and packing peanuts are made from PS. Recycled PS is used to make many different kinds of
products, including rulers, jewelry cases, disposable cutlery, insulation, license plate frames and hot lids.
Number 7 - designate miscellaneous types of plastic that are not defined by the other codes. Polycarbonate
(PC), used in the manufacture of CDs, DVDs, baby bottles, large water bottles and medical storage
containers, is included in the number 7 category. This type of plastic is difficult to recycle. Recycled
polycarbonate is most often used to make plastic lumber, among other products.
Many BPA products are in the #7 category. BPA is an industrial chemical that has been used to make certain
plastics and resins for several decades. BPA is often found in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins.

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 RETHINKING MINING WASTE
Sustainable use of mine waste and tailings with suitable
admixture as sand/aggregate in ZENAS~PolySand technology.

The iron ore market is one of the main responsible for the iron demand in the steel industry and it also
represents great importance in the Brazilian economy, contributing strongly to the national GDP.
The growing development of the sector has led to an increase in the generation of iron ore tailings (IOT),
inherent to its extraction and processing. Due to the large amount produced and the form of conditioning,
the IOT is related to several environmental impacts, this being especially evident when accidents occur,
such as dam breaks. The tailing can cause damage to the ecosystem, contaminating soil, rivers and
impacting wildlife and the lives of nearby residents.
Technical evaluation and environmental analysis of IOT were performed through physical, chemical and
morphological characterisation, leaching and dissolution tests. Its feasibility as a pigment was also
investigated. Subsequently, the value analysis was performed, starting from an empathy map to a study on
environmental, social and emotional values in the relationship between people and product. As result, the
IOT presented fine, crystalline particles, no toxicity, and is technically feasible to be employed as filler,
aggregate and pigment in the production of ZENAS-PolySand products.
So, there is a potential use of IOT as replacement of natural fine aggregates and pigment. As natural sand
reserves are depleting day by day, turn a perfect marriage the idea for sand substitution by IOT in the
manufacture of the ZENAS~PolySand products, evidencing as an inovative and advanced high-tech
ecological and 100% recycled solution.

The Social Val ue

According to the Brazilian Mining Institute, the strengthening of accountability and transparency is directly
related to the understanding of the mining industry's contributions to the country's development.
According to research carried out by the Ethos Indicators of Corporate Social Responsibility on the
perception of the Brazilian consumer, 86% of respondents would increase respect for a company if it
participated in a non-governmental activity or charity, with the aim of solving problems.
Therefore, the structure of the economy assigns a particular social role to goods. It is believed that the
product has an inexplicable power over the buyer, in order to satisfy his desires for attraction, ideology,
identity, social expression, among others.

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The Enviromental Value
A company, when employing principles of social and environmental sustainability, has the potential to
increase profits by up to 38%, its market value by 12% and productivity by up to 8%, due to the reduction of
production costs and expenses, such as energy, water, raw materials, among others.
In this scenario, customer demand for sustainable construction materials has also been boosted due to
greater environmental awareness. Increased recognition of climate change is changing priorities as people
remodel the way they live to reduce the impacts of their daily life on the environment. In fact, customers
are seeking innovative solutions that would improve their quality of life, reduce their energy-related costs,
while being environmentally-friendly.
In conclusion, an investment in the intangibility of the product, i.e. the adoption of factors such as novelty
and sustainability, is directly related to improvement in the tangibility of sales. In this sense, the
ZENAS~PolySand technology act both the technical and intangible aspects of a building material produced
with IOT, aiming to develop the best possible building solution regarding design and material. Therefore, we
seek to obtain an economically feasible product, while contributing to the reduction of the social and
environmental impact of tailings dams.

CONCLU SION
According to the physical, chemical and morphological analysis, iron ore tailings (IOT) are a stable fine
material. The environmental tests resulted in a non-dangerous classification, meaning that IOT do not
present hazardous characteristics such as corrosivity, reactivity, toxicity, pathogenicity or flammability.
Therefore, it is technically and environmentally suitable to be used as replacement of conventional colorant
and as replacement of sand and/or filler in the base. In this sense, IOT present a suitable alternative for the
production of sustainable tiles, blocks, and others products, producing an aesthetically pleasing and
potentially durable goods.
The usage proposed meets the consumers' expectations regarding their desires for sustainability, ideology,
social expression, nostalgia, among others. It does so by creating a product with identity, incorporating
residues in its manufacture, promoting labour opportunities and overall improving the quality of the built
environment.
In addition, the use of IOT reduces the consumption of non-renewable natural resources for civil
construction, as well as contributes to the reduction of environmental impacts generated by the extraction
of iron ore.

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Recycled Plastic Fencing
Recycled plastic fencing is a practical
solution to some of the drawbacks of
traditional wooden fencing.
While wooden fencing can be extremely
attractive when first installed, many of
these qualities don’t last for long. Fading,
cracking, warping and rot are often the
results over time. Many wooden fencing
installations need maintenance after only
two years, and complete replacement
after seven.
The fencing is made from recycled plastic
lumber or plastic wood, and is considerably less expensive and more environmentally friendly than
virgin plastic and is also less expensive solution than a traditional wood fencing product.
The most durable scrap plastic used to manufacture plastic timber is most often either recycled
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or recycled polystyrene (PS). These recycled products are very
durable and attractive and can be offered with several brightly colored alternatives.
Recycled plastic fencing can look and feel like natural wood but is typically an improvement in
design and quality to more conventional wood lumber and timber products. Unlike wood or vinyl
fencing products, HDPE and PS plastic fencing will not warp, rot or generate mold and mildew and
neither will they require periodic painting jobs or the need for potentially toxic germicides.
Unlike vinyl or wood, HDPE and PS fencing will not shatter or split from the cold. The materials
contains no heavy metals, arsenic, chloride or other contaminants of soil and ground water.
Recycled plastic fencing is impermeable to acids in animal wastes and will not splinter nor cause
injury.
The unique thick-walled construction is found only in this type of plastic fencing, making it the
sturdiest and safest of the plastic fences available today.
HDPE and PS fencing is usually the best choice for your fencing needs. Relatively, inexpensive,
environmentally friendly, strong and maintenance free, Recycled plastic fencing can keep its
original beauty for decades to come.

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Roads Made Of Recycled Plastic Are The Future
The idea of roads made of recycled plastic
is not new. In India, for instance, It has
proven to be an expedient and
environmentally-friendly method for
disposing of scrap plastic bottles and bags
while improving the infrastructure of
many communities.
India’s model is the standard for plastic
road development. It involves mixing
waste plastic and bitumen. Here, various
plastic scrap from materials like
Polypropylene, Polyethylene and PVC are
sorted, cleaned and shredded and then
mixed with bitumen, the traditional substance used for road surfacing and roofing. After heating,
the mixture is spread in the manner of ordinary asphalt.
The success of plastic composite roads in India have led to construction in other countries. This is
primarily because the technology is a significant improvement over traditional asphalt roads.
Roads made of recycled plastic will be a significant opportunity for recyclers and the disposal of
post-consumer waste in general. While companies like Volkerwessels and MacRebur are
experimenting with roads made entirely of plastic scrap, their processes are still in development.
Nevertheless, implementation is only a few years away.
The evidence shows that roads made of recycled plastic in their entirety will be a vast
improvement to current road construction methods. In particular, plastic roads would be built
with separate pieces, allowing for speedy, identical replacements rather than melting and shaping
tar to remove defects. Streets and highways made with interlocking plastic pieces that can be
combined quickly will make road building faster and more efficient.
Roads made of recycled plastic are considerably cheaper and have lower maintenance costs than
the use traditional asphalt, and there is less erosion and need for repair.
Another additional benefit of plastic roads is that they can be wired for power generation and
heating. This technological advantage can not only melt snow and water, but it can be employed to
keep the surface free from ice.
Lastly, the environmental benefits of plastic road construction will make it a serious challenger to
more traditional methods. Many plastics that are now incinerated or put into landfills will now be
recycled for more useful purposes.
While roads built entirely of plastic are still a few years away, their future is a promising one.

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Recycled Plastic Patio Furniture A Popular Choice
One of the hottest markets in home
furnishings is the the recycled plastic patio
furniture niche. When you consider that
the average household disposes of over 2
lbs of plastic on a daily basis you can
appreciate the fact that there is no
shortage of material for manufacturing
these popular products.
The recycling process begins with
breaking up the baled scrap and
processing the material through an optical
scanner which identifies and sorts the
plastic by type. Most recycled plastic patio
furniture is made with high density The floor is also made from recycled plastic.
polyethylene (HDPE), the material used to make milk jugs. The remaining plastic is repackaged and
made available for other manufacturing processes.
To make recycled plastic patio furniture, the HDPE is first ground into flakes which are washed and
dried, a process which also separates the plastic from any dirt or paper labeling that may remain.
The HDPE flakes are now separated by optical machinery into different colors and loaded into
silos.
Auto-loading machines transfer the contents of the silo to an extruder where, as the plastic is
melted into various shapes, while sophisticated computer modeling also refines the coloring
operation and the inclusion of appropriate additives.
Recycled Plastic Patio Furniture
Now regarded as ‘plastic lumber,’ the material is washed again to cool the extruded pieces and to
evaluate the quality and consistency of the product. Cut to size, the material is stored by color and
pre-drilled and fashioned by computer-guided machinery. With the addition of dyed nuts and
bolts, these plastic lumber pieces can now be appropriately mixed and matched and made ready
for assembly.
In a addition to its environmentally-friendly manufacturing process, recycled plastic patio
furniture is much lighter than wood or iron and can better withstand erosion over time. It is also
easier to clean and generally less expensive than other materials, even as the manufacturers can
offer the consumer a larger variety of colors and designs.

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 Annex I
A wide range of product can be manufactured by Ecopore’s ZENAS technology.

Polymer+Sand recycled Blocks - 500 years of life, 40% Lighter & 4x stronger than concrete.

Recycled Plastic + Sand Paver Blocks - 500 years of life, 40% Lighter & 4x stronger than concrete.

Recycled Polymer+Sand Interlock Paver - 500 years of life, 40% Lighter & 4x stronger than concrete.

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A wide range of product can be manufactured by Ecopore’s ZENAS technology.

rev.20210624 
A wide range of product can be manufactured by Ecopore’s ZENAS technology.

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A wide range of product can be manufactured by Ecopore’s ZENAS technology.

Extruded furniture with ZENAS~PolySand technology

Outdoor furniture with ZENAS-PolySand-3D technology

Outdoor furniture with ZENAS-PolySand-3D technology

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A wide range of product can be manufactured by Ecopore’s ZENAS technology.

Outdoor furniture with ZENAS-PolySand-3D technology

Outdoor furniture with ZENAS-PolySand-3D technology

Outdoor furniture with ZENAS-PolySand Extruded technology

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