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Emirate of Afghanistan 36 languages

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(Top) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates: 34°32′24″N 69°07′48″E

History
Toggle History subsection
Afghan civil war and rise of the
Barakzais (1799-1823)
Establishment in Kabul (1823)
Sultan Mohammad Khan's reign
(1823-1826)
Coup of Dost Mohammad (1826)
Reign of Dost Mohammad Khan
(1826-1863)
First Anglo-Afghan War (1838-1842)
Return of Dost Mohammad and
wars of reunification (1842-1863)
Death of Dost Mohammad and
Afghan civil war (1863-1869)
Reign of Sher Ali Khan (1869-1879)
Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-
1880)
See also
Not to be confused with Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001), or Emirate of Afghanistan (1929).
The Emirate of Afghanistan,[b] known as the Emirate of Kabul until 1855,[2] was an emirate in Central Asia
Emirate of Afghanistan
and South Asia that encompassed present-day Afghanistan and parts of present-day Pakistan (before 1893).
[3] ‫امارت افغانستان‬ (Persian)
The emirate emerged from the Durrani Empire, when Dost Mohammad Khan, the founder of the Barakzai
Amārat-i Afghānistān
dynasty in Kabul, prevailed.
1823–1926
The history of the Emirate was dominated by the 'Great Game' between the Russian Empire and the United
Kingdom for supremacy in Central Asia. This period was characterized by European influence in Afghanistan.
The Emirate of Afghanistan continued the Durrani Empire's war with the Sikh Empire, losing control of the
former Afghan stronghold of the Valley of Peshawar at the Battle of Nowshera on 14 March 1823. This was
followed in 1838 by the First Anglo-Afghan War with British forces. The war eventually resulted in victory for
Flag Emblem
Afghans, with the British withdrawal[4] and Dost Mohammad being reinstalled to the throne.[4] However, (1919–1926) (1919–1926)
during the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1880), the British and Afghans signed the Treaty of Gandamak,
which allowed the British to assume control of the Afghan territories within modern-day Pakistan as well as of
Afghanistan's foreign affairs, on the condition that a subsidy be paid to the Afghans and the British military
fully withdraw. Emir Amanullah Khan signed the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 following the Third Anglo-
Afghan War, gaining full Afghan independence. In 1926, Amanullah Khan reformed the country as the
Kingdom of Afghanistan, becoming its first King.

Notes History [ edit ]

References Escalated a few years after the establishment of the emirate, the Russian and British interests were in
Toggle References subsection
Citations conflict between Muhammad Shah of Iran and Dost Mohammad Khan, which led to the First Anglo-Afghan
War, fought between 1838 and 1842.[5] During the war, Britain occupied the capital, Kabul, of the then called
Works cited
Emirate of Kabul, in an effort to prevent Afghanistan from coming under Russian control and curb Russian Map of the Emirate of Afghanistan after the
Further reading Durand Line Agreement
expansion, while also keeping Afghanistan in the British fold under a puppet leader, Shah Shujah Durrani.
Afghanistan before the 1893 Durand Line
The war ended with Dost Mohammad returning to the throne, with the British withdrawing; unable to Agreement
Show all
subjugate the country, they forged greater ties instead, allowing Dost Mohammad to move toward uniting the
Map of the Emirate of Afghanistan in 1914
dis-united state of Afghanistan, which split from the Durrani Civil wars brought on by the sons of Timur Shah. (green)
[6] Afghanistan before the 1893 Durand Line
Agreement (yellow)
Upon the death of Dost Mohammad in 1863, he was succeeded by his son, Sher Ali Khan. However, three Status De-jure British protected
years later, his older brother Mohammad Afzal Khan overthrew him. In 1868, Mohammad Afzal Khan was state (1879–1919)[a][1]

himself overthrown and replaced as Emir by Sher Ali, who returned to the throne after spending few short Capital Kabul

years in exile in Russia. His return as Emir led to new conflicts with Britain. Subsequently, the British Official languages Persian
marched on 21 November 1878 into Afghanistan and Emir Sher Ali was forced to flee again to Russia, but he Spoken Pashto · Persian · Uzbek
languages · Turkmen · Balochi ·
died in 1879 in Mazar-i-Sharif.[7] His successor, Mohammad Yaqub Khan, sought solutions for peace with Pashayi · Nuristani ·
Russia and gave them a greater say in Afghanistan's foreign policy. Meanwhile, he signed the Treaty of Central Asian Arabic ·
Kyrgyz · Sindhi · others
Gandamak with the British on 26 May 1879, relinquishing solely the control of Afghanistan foreign affairs to
Ethnic groups Pashtun, Tajik, Uzbek,
the British Empire. However, when the British envoy Sir Louis Cavagnari was killed in Kabul on 3 September Hazara, Persian, Aimaq,
1879, the British offered to accept Abdur Rahman Khan as Emir. The British concluded a peace treaty with Turkmen, Baloch,
Pashai, Nuristani, Gurjar,
the Afghans in 1880, and withdrew again in 1881 from Afghanistan. The British, in 1893, forced Afghanistan Arab, Brahui, Qizilbash,
to consent to a new border, termed the Durand Line, which cuts right through the historic Pashtun settlement Pamiri, Kyrgyz, Sadat,
others
region.[8]
Religion Majority: Sunni Islam
After the war, Emir Abdur Rahman Khan, who struck down the country reformed and repressed numerous Minorities: Twelver Shia
Islam, Ismailism,
uprisings. After his death in 1901 his son Habibullah Khan succeeded as emir and continued reforms. Hinduism, Sikhism,
Habibullah Khan sought reconciliation with the UK, where he graduated in 1905 with a peace treaty with Judaism,

Russia, stretching for defeat in the Russo-Japanese War had to withdraw from Afghanistan. In the First World Demonym(s) Afghan
War, Afghanistan remained neutral, despite German and Ottoman efforts (Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition). Government Unitary absolute emirate
[9]
In 1919 Habibullah Khan was assassinated by political opponents. Emir  
• 1823–1826 (first) Sultan Mohammad Khan
Habibullah Khan's son Amanullah Khan was in 1919 against the rightful heir apparent Nasrullah Khan, the • 1919–1926 (last) Amanullah Khan
then Emir of Afghanistan. Shortly afterwards another war broke which lasted for three months.[10][11][12][13] Legislature Loya Jirga
This war was ended with the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 after which, the Afghans were able to resume the
Historical era 19th century
[14]
right to conduct their own foreign affairs as a fully independent state. Amanullah Khan began the
• Established 1823
reformation of the country and was crowned 1926 Padshah (king) of Afghanistan and founded the Kingdom • British protected 24 May 1879
of Afghanistan.[15] state status
• Durand Line 12 November 1893
Agreement
Afghan civil war and rise of the Barakzais (1799-1823) [ edit ] • Independence 8 August 1919
• Transformed into 9 June 1926
This section is empty. You can a kingdom
help by adding to it. (May 2023)
Currency Afghan rupee

Establishment in Kabul (1823) [ edit ] ISO 3166 code AF

This section is empty. You can Preceded by Succeeded by

help by adding to it. (May 2023)
Durrani Kingdom of
Empire Afghanistan
Sultan Mohammad Khan's reign (1823-1826) [ edit ] Herat
Principality of
This section is empty. You can Qandahar
help by adding to it. (May 2023) Maimana
Khanate
Coup of Dost Mohammad (1826) [ edit ]
Today part of Afghanistan
This section is empty. You can Pakistan
help by adding to it. (May 2023)
Part of a series on the
Reign of Dost Mohammad Khan (1826-1863) [ edit ] History of Afghanistan
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help by adding to it. (May 2023)

First Anglo-Afghan War (1838-1842) [ edit ]

Main article: First Anglo-Afghan War

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help by adding to it. (May 2023)

Timeline
Return of Dost Mohammad and wars of reunification (1842-1863) [ edit ]
Ancient [show]
This section is empty. You can
help by adding to it. (May 2023) Medieval [show]

Modern [show]
Death of Dost Mohammad and Afghan civil war (1863-1869) [ edit ]
Related historical regions [show]
Main article: Afghan Civil War (1863–1869) [show]
Related topics
This section is empty. You can
Category
help by adding to it. (May 2023)
 Afghanistan portal
V·T·E
Reign of Sher Ali Khan (1869-1879) [ edit ]

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Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1880) [ edit ]

Main article: Second Anglo-Afghan War

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help by adding to it. (May 2023)

See also [ edit ]

Durrani dynasty
Barakzai dynasty
Afghanistan–United Kingdom relations
European influence in Afghanistan
Invasions of Afghanistan

Notes [ edit ]

a. ^ Despite agreeing to the terms of the Treaty of Gandamak, Abdur Rahman Khan held Afghanistan as a de-facto independent state by holding external affairs
with other nations such as Persia and Russia, and often opposing the British.
b. ^
Persian: ‫امارت افغانستان‬, romanized: Amārat-i Afghānistān
Pashto: ‫د افغانستان امارت‬, romanized: Da Afghānistān Amārat

References [ edit ]

Citations [ edit ]
1. ^ "THE RAJ RECONSIDERED:BRITISH INDIA'S INFORMAL EMPIRE
AND SPHERES OF INFLUENCE IN ASIA AND AFRICA"
Archived 9 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine[bare URL PDF]
2. ^ Lee 2019, p. 317.
3. ^ Lee, Jonathan (2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present.
Reaktion Books. p. 188. ISBN 9781789140101.
4. ^ a b Kohn, George Childs (2013). Dictionary of Wars. Revised Edition .
London/New York: Routledge. p. 5. ISBN 9781135954949. Archived
the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
5. ^ Shultz, Richard H.; Dew, Andrea J. (22 August 2006). Insurgents,
Terrorists, and Militias: The Warriors of Contemporary Combat . Columbia
University Press. ISBN 9780231503426.
6. ^ Baxter, Craig (2001). "The First Anglo–Afghan War" . In Federal
Research Division, Library of Congress (ed.). Afghanistan: A Country
Study. Baton Rouge, LA: Claitor's Pub. Division. ISBN 1-57980-744-5.
Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 23 September
2011.
7. ^ Dupree: Amir Sher Ali Khan Archived 30 August 2010 at the
Wayback Machine
8. ^ Smith, Cynthia (August 2004). "A Selection of Historical Maps of
(PDF). Afghanistan – The Durand Line" . United States: Library of Congress.
Archived from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 11 February
2011.
9. ^ Islam and Politics in Afghanistan, Olesen, page 101
10. ^ Dijk, Ruud van; Gray, William Glenn; Savranskaya, Svetlana; Suri,
Jeremi; Zhai, Qiang (13 May 2013). Encyclopedia of the Cold War .
from Routledge. ISBN 9781135923105. Archived from the original on 19 May
2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
11. ^ Adamec, Ludwig W. (1 January 2012). Historical Dictionary of
Afghanistan . Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810878150. Archived from
the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
12. ^ Pazhvāk, ʻabd al-Raḥmān (1959). Aryana, ancient Afghanistan .
Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
13. ^ Jawed, Mohammed Nasir (1 January 1996). Year Book of the Muslim
World . Medialine. ISBN 9788186420003. Archived from the original on
1 January 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
14. ^ Barthorp 2002, pp. 27 & 64
15. ^ "Afghanistan" . World Statesmen. Archived from the original on 14
January 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

Works cited [ edit ]

Barthorp, Michael (2002) [1982]. Afghan Wars and the North-West Frontier 1839–1947. London: Cassell. ISBN 0-304-36294-8.

Further reading [ edit ]

Clements, Frank. Conflict in Afghanistan: A Historical Encyclopedia (ABC-Clio, 2003), (online).

V·T·E Afghanistan articles [show]

Categories: Emirate of Afghanistan Former political entities in Afghanistan Modern history of Afghanistan Former countries in South Asia
Former countries in Central Asia Former emirates States and territories established in 1823 States and territories disestablished in 1926
1823 establishments in Afghanistan 1926 disestablishments in Afghanistan 19th century in Afghanistan 20th century in Afghanistan
Former countries of the interwar period History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

This page was last edited on 25 May 2023, at 14:42 (UTC).

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