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Title: Automatic Irrigation System
(Study of Agro ecosystem)
Focal Theme: Science for Sustainable
Living
Sub Theme: Ecosystem for sustainable
living
Group Members:
 Eidhy Iqbal
 Surat Zargar
Group leader: Eidhy Iqbal
Address: Khannawari Mattan
UT: Jammu and Kashmir
District: Anantnag
School: Oxford Presentation School
Name of the guide: Zubair Ahmad
Raina
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Address: Donipawa

DECLARATION
We, Eidhy Iqbal and Surat Zargar, student of
OXFORD PRESENTATION SCHOOL, hereby declare
that the project report entitled “Study of Agro
ecosystem” which is submitted by us to the
department of National Children Science Congress
in partial fulfilment of requirement for the award
of the degree of NCSC.

Place: Anantnag
Eidhy Iqbal (Roll no 7)
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Surat Zargar (Roll no 34)

Abstract:
An Ecosystem is a geographic area where plants,
animals, and other organisms as well as weather
and landscape, work together to form a bubble of
life. Ecosystems contain biotic and abiotic factors,
Ecosystem can be very large and very small. There
are different types of ecosystems example;
Terrestrial ecosystem, Forest ecosystem,
grassland ecosystem, Desert ecosystem, Marine
ecosystem, etc. But in this topic we will go
through Agro ecosystem and in which we will
consider Kitchengarden ecosystem. An agro
ecosystem is a cultivated ecosystem, generally
corresponding to spatial unit of a farm and
whose ecosystem functions are valued by humans
in the form of agricultural goods and services. In
this topic we concluded kitchengardens and fields
because in our area there are more kitchen
gardens and most of the people’s livelihood is
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depend on their kitchengardens and their field.
And after talking to people who are engaged with
agriculture,they said there are many problems
which they are facing during cultivation and
harvesting.The main problems are:
 Lack of proper Irrigation system
 Lack of nutrient level in the soil
 Attack of weeds and pests.
So to overcome these problems we thought of a
solution to overcome these problems and we
came with an innovative idea, we planned of
making Automatic Irrigation System which will
help people and affect their livelihood in a good
way.

Introduction:
In this project, we tried to find out the
problem faced by the people engaged with
agriculture. The major problems faced by
them are , lack of proper irrigation, lack of
proper nutrition and attack of weeds and
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pests. Attack of weeds and pests can be
overcomed by weedicides and pesticides but
the main problem is lack of nutrition and
water level. To overcome the problem of
proper nutrition we thought of making NPK
Detecting model but because of some reasons
we weren’t able to do so. To overcome the
problem of proper irrigation we came up with
an innovative idea of making AUTOMATIC
IRRIGATION SYSTEM which will automatically
irrigate the soil as per the moisture present in
the soil.

Hypothesis:
 To save the resources of people
 To Increase the production
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Aims And Objectives:
 To conserve water
 To maintain proper amount of
moisture in the soil

METHODOLOGY:
Survey:
We surveyed in our area and talked to a
few people who are engaged with it. They
talked to us very politely and provided us
the required information. Our First
question was that what are the problems
they are facing while cultivation and
harvesting. Their answer was that there
are many problems from which they are
going through but the main problems are:
1. Lack of proper irrigation
2. Lack of proper amount of nutrients
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3. Attack of weeds and pests
Also the following information was been
provided:
 Loss due to attack of weeds and pests:
Attack of weeds and pests weaken the fertility
of the soil. Also,5% - 10% of the yield
produced gets destroyed by the attack of
weeds and pests.
 Loss Due to Lack of Proper Irrigation system:
As we know that water is the most essential
resource for agriculture and the proper
amount of water in proper time is more
essential. But people nowadays, engaged with
agriculture are labour based people and
cannot give enough time to their fields or
kitchen gardens which results in improper
growth of crops. Also most of them could not
afford water motors and some who can afford
do not use it because they have to take care
of the electricity bills as well. So their fields
could not get enough water on time which
results in loss of about 30% of their yield
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 Loss due to lack of proper nutrients on time:
As we know nutrients are also an essential
part for the proper growth of crops. But most
of the people do not know when and how
much the soil needs nutrients. Sometimes
they provide less and sometimes more which
results in infertile soil and difficulties in crop
production.
So all of These problems lead to variations
in crop production.
FOLLOWING IS THE INFORMATION PROVIDED BY
THE HOUSES WHERE WE DID SURVEYS:
HOUSE 1: House 1 said that they do cultivation for
commercial purpose and it is the source of
income for them. They said that their fields are
not getting enough water as they cannot afford
water motors and they do not know how much
and when the soil needs water. They added by
saying that they do hard work and at the end of
the day they are only getting 50% of their yield
and it is because of no proper irrigation system.
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HOUSE 2: House 2 said that they have kitchen
garden but they are labour based people and
cannot provide attention towards their kitchen
gardens resulting in variations in their yield and
this affects their livelihood. They provided us the
given data
Vegetables Time Loss
period
tomato 3 months 30%
potato 4 months 25%
onion 6 months 15%
chillies 3 months 35%
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Our Plan: After listening to all these

problems, We thought of a solution and we
came with an innovative idea of Making
AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM which will
help people to maintain the soil fertility,
nutrition level and water level. But due to
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covid-19 we were not able to make models
but we have made a complete plan for it.
Experiment:
Automatic Irrigation System
We know that there are many automatic
irrigation systems example; Sprinkle drip
and surface drip irrigation. But our project
is totally different from these. We will
make an automatic irrigation system
which will automatically fill the water level
according to the moisture in the soil and
no physical energy will be used. It will
provide proper amount of water to the
soil in the proper intervals of time.
Things Required:
 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
 ARDUINO UNO board
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 POWER SUPPLY 9V-12V ON DC
 JUMPER WIRES
 WATER MOTOR
 Computer programming

Working:

Arduino UNO board is connected to

soil moisture sensor and water motor
is connected to Arduino board which is
programmed so that motor can run if
the moisture level gets declined. So
that the motor can irrigate soil as per
the requirements. The Arduino board
acts on feedback mechanism as if the
moisture level is high it will stop
running and if it will decrease the
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motor will itself get started. The
Sensor of moisture level has LED (Light
emitting diode) which glows when
level increases and switches off if the
water level decreases in soil.
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PRECAUTION:
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1. The connecting wires should
be connected properly and
firmly
2. The Voltage level should be
as per requirement to overcome
damage of Sensor and Arduino
Board
3. Salinity of water must be less
4. The Arduino board must be
programmed properly

Conclusion:
After completing the project, we
concluded that if we will do research on
this project it will help us, people engaged
with agriculture and our country.
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Future plan:
Due to covid-19 and our exams we
weren’t able to do the experiment
practically on the soil, but we will do this
project practically in future.
Acknowledgement:
i. First of all we would like to thank Almighty
Allah

ii. Also, We would like to express our deep

thanks of gratitude to Arslaan Gulzar
who helped us in our project.

iii. We would extend our gratitude to our

Guide teacher Mr Zubair Ahmad Raina
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iv. A big thanks to the people who co-
operated with us and provided the
required information

v. Thanks to the Management of Brakpora

Higher secondary who provided us the
equipments and for helping us in the best
way they can.

vi. And lastly, thanks to our parents who co-

operated with us.