THESIS PAPERSPART1 3 A - 1

AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING SYSTEM AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT CONTRACTIBLE ROOF FOR FOOD GARDENING
PLANTS
AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING SYSTEM AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT CONTRACTIBLE ROOF

FOR FOOD GARDENING PLANTS
DEO DARYL O. GUARTE
LLOYD G. CAMPO
JOHN ARVIN G. URBANO
EDWARD L. DARANTINAO
NIKKO R. BANGATE
JOMAR H. HABABAG
A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SORSOGON STATE COLLEGE
ENGINEERING-ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT
SORSOGON CITY
November 2019
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PLANTS
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
As mankind continue to move forward towards the future, it is very evident that we try with
our utmost effort to create and develop new sets of breakthroughs which will lead to the simplification
of human tasks and eradication of the burdens normally met during our daily lives.
Even during the ancient times, our ancestors, even with very little knowledge and set of
physical materials, developed brilliant ideas which up until now are used by our current inventors and
engineers to replicate their designs and even pursue their ideas into more advanced and significant
breakthroughs and discoveries. Now however, with the rampant technology and set of devices
present and readily accessible, innovative ideas and designs are much easier achieved through proper
research and drive to lengthen the height of advancement mankind is currently experiencing. Our lives
continue to upgrade and everyday tasks become extremely easier with more efficient results and
productivity.
One of the fields which has greatly contributed with mankind’s technological advancement is
the field of Programming. Programming has helped engineers perform many complex tasks by simply
the use of computer programs which serve as the main core for the automatic operation of certain
projects. One basic example of programming is the use of the device called Arduino UNO. Arduino
Uno board is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6
analog inputs, a USB connection, power jack, an in-circuit serial programming (ICSP) header and reset
button. It is simply connected to a computer with a USB cable or power it with alternating current
(AC)-to- direct current (DC) adapter or battery to get started. It is one of the simplest form of
programming device normally used only by engineering students. Even so, it has very significant uses
which can greatly contribute to the society.
With this device, the researchers developed a research which focuses on the increase of
productivity of plant products from home gardens by monitoring its growth and simply by
automatically watering the plants itself daily at a certain period of a time as well as a contractible roof
which shields the plants from extreme heat. All these commands will be programmed through an
Arduino UNO.
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PLANTS
Statement of the Problem
Many Philippine provinces, particularly Sorsogon, has many municipalities which are not yet
considered urbanized. Therefore, most of the people living in these areas turn to the act of farming
and development of plantations as livelihood which will provide them their income or financial source,
while also relying in their plantations itself as their main source of personal food and natural cure for
their diseases.
Home gardening is one of such methods followed by citizens from rural areas. Home
gardening refers to the cultivation of a small portion of land which may be around the household or
within walking distance from the family home. It can be described as a mixed cropping system that
encompasses vegetables, fruits, plantation crops, spices, herbs, ornamental and medicinal plants as
well as livestock. Such method is very helpful considering that there is a present shortage of plant
products around the world. According to Michael Okunoye (2009), it has been projected that global
food production will need to increase by 70% in order to meet the average daily caloric requirement
of the world’s population in 2050. These shows how significant home gardening may contribute to
address this problem.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This research is focused on not only with the assessment of the researchers’ knowledge and
skills as electrical engineering students but also to contribute to the society through gradual use of
our profession. Farms and plantations though, require a tremendous amount of time and human
effort to be briefly studied and researched with the application of our project. Therefore, the
researchers decided to narrow down the scope of their project by focusing only on home gardening.
The researchers conducted the study by using only a rectangular pot with reasonable area and
plants that can withstand the climate experienced during that period. Through this, the growth of the
plants were closely monitored as well as the function of the Arduino UNO device and the contractible
roof.
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PLANTS
Significance of the Study
This study aims to promote the automatic and a more efficient method gardening which may
help rural citizens with the productivity of their home gardens. The elements of home gardens which
may greatly improve are the following:
1. Saves time and effort to water the plant- this will be helpful especially to those who are not
capable of consistently monitoring, particularly watering their home gardens due to some
reasonable factor.
2. Efficient growth and productivity- since the plants will be closely monitored by automatically
watering them and shielding them from excessive sunlight, the plants will avoid withering and
poor production.
3. Automation of garden- one will no longer need to manually care for the plants.
4. Monitors the appropriate amount of water required to water the plant/s- this will also help
minimize or even resolve the case of wasted water when watering plants.
5. Provide a source of food, livelihood and medication for the people- the citizens will no longer
have to purchase products from stores, food will be readily provided within their homes as
well as natural (herbal) cure for their diseases.
6. Prevents the plants from withering due direct sunlight- the contractible roof will block intense
sunlight which will prevent the plants from withering and eventually dying.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
Related Literatures and Studies
This presents the review of related literatures that bear relevance to the topic and related
studies conducted that served as a basis for the design of the components of the project.
Sun, Shade and Watering of Chili Pepper
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PLANTS
“The photosynthetic response of individual leaves to irradiance level has been studied
extensively and is fundamental to our understanding of adaptation to sun and shade” (Bjorkman
1981).
Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) is one of the most important vegetables in the world. It has a
rapidly growing period of 90 to 150 days while some species like Capsicum annum (bell peppers) are
true perennials. Chili originated from the Americas with their cultivars now grown around the world
because they are widely used as food and medicine (nazourek et al., 2009). Pepper (Capsicum spp.
Capsicum annum and Capsicum frutescens) is a crop plant grown extensively under rain-fed conditions
with very high yields when the rainfall is about 600 to 1250 mm (Channabasavann and Setty, 200)
Pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruits vary in shape, color pungency and texture, with C. annuum var. annuum
L. being the most widely cultivated (Russo and Biles, 2004).
In accordance with this study, (Campiglia, et al., 2010) stated that chili pepper does well in
climate with temperatures ranging between 18 to 27°C during the day and between 15 to 18°C during
the night. Increase in population has led to increase in the demand of food (pepper) and fibre which
has also resulted in the adoption of irrigation to sustain plant growth to sustain plant growth (Delfine
et al., 2003). Irrigation is practiced in all parts of the world where rainfall does not provide enough
ground moisture (Bhuiya et al., 2003). The essence of irrigation is to make water available for storage
within the soil strata for the plants usage some to be removed by evaporation and runoff due to
irrigation design and management (Jaimez et al., 1999). Hence effective irrigation scheduling is
essential to curtail water losses due to runoff and excessive infiltration tend to over-irrigate, believing
that applying more water will increase crop yields. Instead, over-irrigation can reduce yields because
the excess soil moisture often results in plant disease, nutrient leaching and reduced pesticide
effectiveness hence, the quantity of water oumped can often be reduced without reducing yield (Rajic
et al., 1997). However for crop stress status, potential yield reduction if the crops remain in stressed
condition are required to maximize profit and optimizes water and energy uses (Zegbe_Domingues et
al., 2003; Kang et al., 2002). Since the varying water application would result in considerable
differences in growth and yield (Chandra et al., 2011;Awodun, 2007; Rajic et al., 1997) and considering
the efficient water utilization becomes inevitable. Burgeoning human population should be matched
with corresponding food production is obviously no longer reliable as a result irrigation has been
proved to be an alternative out of impending food shortage in coming decades (Olalla and Valero,
1994). It is in line of the above that an attempt was made to determine the consumptive water use
pattern of chili pepper with specific regard to growth and yield under varying irrigation scheduling
and different water management scenarios in Akure, Nigeria.
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PLANTS
Climate Change
“The Philippines is now facing the very real impacts of climate change, which threaten to
undermine our development prospects and exacerbate the vulnerability of our poorer communities.”
(Servando, 2011) of PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration). According to Rodel Lasco of NAST (National Academy of Science and Technology
climate change threatens food production through a number of ways. First, warming temperature and
changing rainfall patterns could affect the physiology of major crops. Second sea level rise could
inundate crop growing areas; and third extreme events such as tropical cyclones could increase in
intensity and frequency. He also stated that aside from food security there are other factors that may
be affected such as water, natural ecosystems and health.
As stated in an article by the National Academy of Science and Technology, Philippines,

Climate change Scenarios for the Philippines, the mean temperature will increase about 1.6°C to 2.0°
by 2050 and 2.5° to 3.4°C by 2100. Urbanization is foreseen to continue at an accelerating pace with
urban areas to account for 70 percent of world population in 2050 (up from 49 percent at present)
and rural population, after peaking sometime in the next decade, actually declining, (High-Level Expert
Forum, 2009); with these food gardening even in the provinces will be affected.
Bridge Gap by the Study
Theoretical Framework
Definition of Terms
 ARDUINO UNO BOARD - is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14

digital input/output pins. 6 analog inputs, a USB connection, power jack, an in-circuit serial
programming (ICSP) header and reset button.
 STEPPER MOTOR – is a brushless DC electric motor that divides a full rotation into a
number of equal steps. The motor’s position can then be commanded to move and hold
at one of these steps without any position sensor for feedback (an open-loop controller),
as long as the motor is carefully sized to the application in respect to torque and speed.
 WATER PUMP – a DC motor device that moves fluid (water) from the reservoir to a certain
point.
 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR – measures the quantity of water contained in material, such as
soil on a volumetric or gravimetric basis. To obtain an accurate measurement, a soil
temperature sensor is also required for calibration.
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PLANTS
 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR - measures an report both moisture and air
temperature. The ratio of moisture in the air to the highest amount of moisture at a
particular air temperature is called relative humidity.
 RELAY - is digital switch to control much higher voltages and currents than your normal
Arduino boards does. When inputs a logic voltage, the relay will switch to allow current
to flow or cutoff, depending on your wiring.
 5V BATTERY SUPPLY – a container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical
energy is converted into electricity and used as a source of power.
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PLANTS
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The prototype is designed for backyard garden environment. It is designed for moderate
sunny and rainy weather conditions. The circuits is encased in a weather proof case with 1.5 m
extension wire that connects the whole circuit to the sensors that placed on the body of the prototype.
The purpose of separating the circuit box and the body of the prototype is to protect the circuit box
from extreme weather condition since our prototype is use for outdoor purposes. The body of the
prototype is L - shaped metal where the rectangular pot will rest. It also has an adjustable height of
the roof so that it can adapt on the growing process of the plant.
Respondent and Resources of Data
There was no human respondent required for the conduct of the research. The data presented
were gathered through analyzing the actual growth of plants within the given span of time. The
researchers also observed the productivity of the home garden plants by counting the amount of
products it produced within the conduct of the research.
To determine whether the device is truly useful, all the data gathered from the observation of
plants which were operated by the device were compared to a plant sample which was cared for
manually. All the information necessary were gathered from both set up and compared, such as the
amount of water saved, the efficiency and productivity of both plants, as well as the actual conditions
of the plants. The difference between both set up were organized to come up with a solid conclusion.
Instruments Used
The following are the instruments used for the conduct of the study:
 Arduino UNO
 Rectangular pot/s
 Plant seeds (tomato, sili, pechay )
 Temperature and Humidity sensor
 Soil moisture sensor
 5v DC motor (water pump)
 5v DC motor (stepper motor)
 1 channel relay
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PLANTS
 5v supply battery
 jumper wires
Statistical Treatment
PROJECT AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING SYSTEM AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT CONTRACTIBLE

ROOF FOR FOOD GARDENING PLANTS
Block Diagram of the System
Figure 1
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PLANTS
Figure 2
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PLANTS
Figure 3
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PLANTS
Figure 4
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PLANTS
Figure 5
Figure 6
On the left side of the schematic diagram shows the circuit diagram of the automatic watering
system while the other side shows the circuit diagram of temperature dependent contractible roof.
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PLANTS
Functionability
Automatic Watering system
The researcher will set the soil moisture sensor as input. When the sensor detects that the
soil is dry or moist, the sensor will send the signal to the arduino UNO. If the soil is dry, the arduino
will command the relay to trip to normally closed (see Figure 2) to turn on the pump water. And if the
soil is moist, the water pump will turned off.
Time dependent contractible roof
The researcher will set the temperature and humidity sensor (dht11) as input. When sensor
detects that the temperature (T) reaches at certain temperature ( *C ), the sensor will send signal to
arduino to process the sent signal. If the temperature(T) >= 30*C, the stepper motor will rotate
counter clockwise to open the contractible roof. While if the temperature(T) <30*C, the stepper motor
will rotate clockwise to close the contractable roof.
FINDINGS, SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary of Findings
Conclusions
Recommendations
References;
Appendices:
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PLANTS
CURRICULUM VITAE
JOHN ARVIN G. URBANO

BACOLOD, IROSIN, SORSOGON
CONTACT NO.: 09123750677
E-mail: urbanojohnarvin@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: August 23, 1998

Place of Birth: Irosin, District, Hospital
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Relegion: Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: Alexie C. Urbano
Mother’s Name: Rowena G. Urbano
ACADEMIC PROFILE
 REGISTERED MASTER ELECRTCIAN

SEPTEMBER 2019
Tertiary: Sorsogon State College

Magsaysay St., Sorsogon City
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
A.Y. 2015-Present
Secondary: Holy Spirit Academy of Irosin

Magsaysay St. Bacolod, Irosin, Sorsogon
S.Y. 2011-2015
Elementary: Irosin Central School

San Julian, Irosin, Sorsogon
S.Y. 2005-2011
15
PLANTS
CURRICULUM VITAE
EDWARD L. DARANTINAO
78 Villamil St., Brgy. SampalocSorsogon City
CONTACT NO.: 09475074171
E-mail: darantinao91@gmail.com
Date of Birth: April 19, 1998

Place of Birth: Sorsogon City, Sorsogon
Father’s Name: Ceazar J. Darantinao
Mother’s Name: Jenny L. Darantinao
ACADEMIC PROFILE

SEPTEMBER 2019

A.Y. 2015-Present
Secondary: Sorsogon National Highscool

Magsaysay St. Sorsogon City
S.Y. 2011-2015
Elementary: Sorsogon Pilot Elementary School

Brgy. Talisay, Sorsogon City
S.Y. 2005-2011
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PLANTS
CURRICULUM VITAE
JOMAR H. HABABAG
Purok 3, Rizal, Casiguran, Sorsogon
CONTACT NO.: 09127769820
E-mail: jomarhababag22@gmail.com
Date of Birth: January 22, 1999
Place of Birth: Rizal, Casiguran, Sorsogon
Father’s Name: Martin D. Hababag
Mother’s Name: Jocelyn H. Hababag
ACADEMIC PROFILE

SEPTEMBER 2019

A.Y. 2015-Present
Secondary: Casiguran Technical Vocational Highschool

Adovis Casiguran Sorsogon
S.Y. 2011-2015
Elementary: Rizal Elementary School

Rizal, Casiguran, Sorsogon
S.Y. 2005-2011
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PLANTS
CURRICULUM VITAE
NIKKO R. BANGATE
Purok 3, Rizal, Casiguran, Sorsogon
CONTACT NO.:
E-mail:
Place of Birth: Rizal, Casiguran, Sorsogon
Father’s Name: Wilson G Bangate
Mother’s Name: Merlina R Bangate
ACADEMIC PROFILE

SEPTEMBER 2019

A.Y. 2015-Present
Secondary: Casiguran Technical Vocational Highschool

Adovis Casiguran Sorsogon
S.Y. 2011-2015
Elementary: Rizal Elementary School

Rizal, Casiguran, Sorsogon
S.Y. 2005-2011
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PLANTS
CURRICULUM VITAE
LLOYD G. CAMPO
DAPDAP, BULUSAN, SORSOGON
CONTACT NO.: 09613491782
E-mail: lloyd_campo23@yahoo.com
Date of Birth: November 5, 1998
Place of Birth: Dapdap, Bulusan, Sorsogon
Relegion: Jehovah’s Witness
Father’s Name: Samuel Campo
Mother’s Name: Liberty Campo
ACADEMIC PROFILE
 REGISTERED MASTER ELECTRICIAN

SEPTEMBER 2019

A.Y. 2015-Present
Secondary: Bulusan National Highschool

Poctol, Bulusan, Sorsogon
S.Y. 2011-2015
Elementary: Bulusan Central School

Poctol, Bulusan, Sorsogon
S.Y. 2005-2011
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PLANTS
CURRICULUM VITAE
DEO DARYL O. GUARTE

TABOC, JUBAN, SORSOGON
CONTACT NO.: 09090139543
E-mail: deoguarte@gmail.com
Place of Birth: Cainta, Rizal
Father’s Name: Danilo G. Guarte
Mother’s Name: Delma O. Guarte
ACADEMIC PROFILE

SEPTEMBER 2019

A.Y. 2015-Present
Secondary: Sorsogon National Highschool

Magsaysay St. Sorsogon City
S.Y. 2011-2015
Elementary: Cainta Catholic College

Bonifacio St. Cainta Rizal
S.Y. 2005-2011
20
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-letter to advisers
-letter to respondents
21

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AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING SYSTEM AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT CONTRACTIBLE ROOF FOR FOOD GARDENING

AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING SYSTEM AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT CONTRACTIBLE ROOF

DEO DARYL O. GUARTE

JOHN ARVIN G. URBANO

A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED

Statement of the Problem

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

Significance of the Study

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES

Related Literatures and Studies

Sun, Shade and Watering of Chili Pepper

As stated in an article by the National Academy of Science and Technology, Philippines,

Bridge Gap by the Study

 ARDUINO UNO BOARD - is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14

Respondent and Resources of Data

PROJECT AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING SYSTEM AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT CONTRACTIBLE

Block Diagram of the System

Automatic Watering system

Time dependent contractible roof

FINDINGS, SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION

JOHN ARVIN G. URBANO

Date of Birth: August 23, 1998

 REGISTERED MASTER ELECRTCIAN

Tertiary: Sorsogon State College

Secondary: Holy Spirit Academy of Irosin

Elementary: Irosin Central School

Date of Birth: April 19, 1998

 REGISTERED MASTER ELECRTCIAN

Tertiary: Sorsogon State College

Secondary: Sorsogon National Highscool

Elementary: Sorsogon Pilot Elementary School

 REGISTERED MASTER ELECRTCIAN

Tertiary: Sorsogon State College

Secondary: Casiguran Technical Vocational Highschool

Elementary: Rizal Elementary School

 REGISTERED MASTER ELECRTCIAN

Tertiary: Sorsogon State College

Secondary: Casiguran Technical Vocational Highschool

Elementary: Rizal Elementary School

 REGISTERED MASTER ELECTRICIAN

Tertiary: Sorsogon State College

Secondary: Bulusan National Highschool

Elementary: Bulusan Central School

DEO DARYL O. GUARTE

 REGISTERED MASTER ELECRTCIAN

Tertiary: Sorsogon State College

Secondary: Sorsogon National Highschool

Elementary: Cainta Catholic College

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