THE GROWTH RATE OF MONGGO BEANS (VIGNA RADIATA) USING

HYDROPONICS

A Research Presented to
The Senior High school ELMIS Sagay city, Negros Occidental

In Partial Fulfillment of the subject

Practical Research 2
By
NAVARRO, RENIEL S.
LERIO, ED NIÑO Z.
MALAGA, RAINNIEL B.
LIBRE, ROGIE D.
LAMBUHON, JHON PAUL A.
NORCA, JOSE VILLAMOR JR. L.
12 TVL-A (AUTO A)
APRIL 2024

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to acknowledge and thank the following people who supported us, not
only during the course of this achievement, but throughout our research experiment.

Firstly, we would like to thank our dear research adviser, Mrs. April Jed M.
LIema, for the unwavering support and guidance to complete this achievement;

Secondly, to our class adviser, Nicanor Togle, for the invaluable time towards
the completion of this study is very much appreciated;
Lastly, our loved ones, most especially to our families, friends, and to every person who
helped us focus on what has been a hugely rewarding and enriching process and gave
light to our path for the accomplishment of this study, our sincere and deepest gratitude
for believing us.

ABSTRACT
Hydroponic is a method of growing plants using mineral solution, in water, without soil. This
method can be extremely helpful to countries that have poor land, which is not able to sustain
agriculture. The purpose of this lab is to prove that hydroponic Due to rapid urbanization and
industrialization as well as melting of icebergs (as an obvious impact of global warming), arable
land under cultivation is further going to decrease. Again, soil fertility status has attained a
saturation level, and productivity is not increasing further with increased level of fertilizer
application. Besides, poor soil fertility in some of the cultivable areas, less chance of natural soil
fertility build-up by microbes due to continuous cultivation, frequent drought conditions and
unpredictability of climate and weather patterns, rise in temperature, river pollution, poor water
management and wastage of huge amount of water, decline in ground water level, etc. are
threatening food production under conventional soil-based agriculture, under such
circumstances, in near future it will become impossible to feed the entire less culture is becoming
more relevant in the present scenario, to cope-up with these challenges. In soil-less culture,
plants are raised without soil. Improved space and water conserving methods of food production
under soil-less culture have shown some promising results all over the World.

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM
THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Studying the growth rate of monggo beans (Vigna radiata) using hydroponics can be a
fascinating research topic with potential applications in agriculture and sustainable farming
practices. Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water
solutions to deliver essential minerals directly to the plant roots. Exploring how this technique
impacts the growth rate of monggo beans could provide insights into optimizing their cultivation
and potentially increasing their yield in a controlled environment. Researchers may investigate
factors such as nutrient composition, water pH levels, light exposure, and temperature control to
understand how these variables influence the growth and development of monggo beans in a
hydroponic system. This study could contribute valuable information to enhance agricultural
practices, promote food security, and minimize environmental impact.
In modern times, the study of hydroponics has gained significant interest due to its potential to
conserve water, maximize crop yields, and provide a controlled environment for plant growth.
Researchers and enthusiasts have developed various techniques and systems for hydroponic
farming, ranging from simple setups suited for home gardening to large-scale commercial
operations.
Hydroponics has also become increasingly relevant in sustainable agriculture practices, urban
farming initiatives, and space exploration, as it allows for efficient plant cultivation in diverse
environments. Ongoing research continues to explore ways to optimize nutrient delivery, plant
growth, and overall system efficiency in hydroponic agriculture.

THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study is conducted to determine the Growth Rate of monggo beans (VIGNA RADIATA)
using hydroponics.
2024-2025
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the length of monggo (Vigna Radiata) stem in hydroponics one week after
sprouting?
2. What is the length of monggo (Vigna Radiata) stem in soil one week sprouting?
3. Is there a difference between the length of monggo (Vigna Radiata) stem planted in
hydroponics and soil?

NULL HYPOTHESIS
There is no significant difference between the length of monggo (Vigna Radiata) stem planted in
hydroponics and soil.

SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

The researchers decided to conduct this study to find out the results and findings that would be
beneficial primarily to the following:
  Community
This study is significant to the community because it can help us gain skill and food
beverages. Using hydroponics can help the community to grow more crops and can be
given value.
 Family
This study is significant to family because it can provide us some crops even if it’s small
or big, the important is it can help us in need.
 Farmers
This study is significant to farmers because it can gain crops and can gain value it’s self,
using hydroponics can help the farmers to improve their farming skills and produced
more food beverages.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

Hydroponics farming in the Philippines is thriving, and one of the major factors driving
it’s growth is the technology curve that diminishes costs and helps scale it’s operations.
It can be used in areas where in-ground agriculture or gardening is impossible (for
example, desert areas or cold climate regions).

The advantages of hydroponics are: A stricter control of irrigation is required. It must be

adjusted to the needs of the plants and the environment. Irrigation control is easily
achieved with automatic irrigation, which requires the use of electricity. The cost of
installation is higher.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For clarity of ideas, the following terms are defined according to how they are used in the study:

Reservoir: The container holding the nutrient solution in a hydroponic system.

Aeration: Providing oxygen to the nutrient solution to prevent
stagnation and promote healthy root growth.
Transpiration: The process by which plants absorb water through their roots and release it as
vapor through their leaves.
Nutrient Solution: A water-based solution containing essential minerals and nutrients required
for plant growth.
Substrate: The medium that supports the plant roots in a hydroponic system, such as perlite,
vermiculite, or coconut coir.

PROCEDURE GATHERING DATA

Materials
*Bottles
*Steel
*Soil
*Water
*Seed (monggo beans)
*Step on how to make hydroponics (VIGNA RADIATA)
Step 1.
*The first thing to do is to prepare your materials for your hydroponics.
Step 2.
*Second, take the bottle and cut them in half to put the soil in half bottle

Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the thorough and in-depth search by
the researchers.
Related literature
Hydroponics have been utilized as one if the standardized methods for plant biology research
and are also used in commercial production for several crops, including lettuce and tomato
(NGA, Samuel and David, 2016). Wick system. This is simplest hydroponics system requiring no
electricity, pump and aerators (Shrestha and Dunn, 2013) . Plants are placed in an absorbent
medium like eoco coir, vermiculite, perlite with a nylon wick running from plants roots into a
reservoir of nutrient solution. Water or nutrient solution supplied to plants through capillary
action.
This system which works on the principle of flood and drain. Nutrient solution and water form
reservoir flooded through a water pump to grow bed until it reaches a certain level and stay there
for certain period of time so that it provide nutrients and moisture to plats. Besides, it is possible
to grow different kinds of crops but the problem of root rot, algae and mould is very common
(Nielsenet al., 2006) there, some modified system with filtration unit is required.
The roots of plants are merging in the solutions or in an inert medium (such as sand, gravel,
vermiculite, rock wool, perlite, peat moss and sawdust) to offer mechanical support with nutrient
solution (Sharma et al., 2018). The hydroponics system is spreading around the globe and based
on the recent data, is predicted to increase by 18.8% globally between 2017 and 2023 (Jan, et al.,
2020).
By controlling the water and fertilizer, and managing the climate and pests, hydroponics can be
carried out on land where conditions are not feasible for planting, and yet manage to produce
consistent quality products [6], [7]. Farmers claim that hydroponic cultivation is easier because it
is cleaner and does not require heavy work such as plowing, seeding, fertilizing, and crop
rotation.
Through hydroponics a large number of plants and crops or vegetables can be grown. The quality
of yield, taste and nutritive value of end products produced through hydroponically is generally
higher than the natural soil based cultivation. This cultivation is cost effective, disease free, eco-
friendly and is gaining popularity all over the world, in both the developed and the developing
countries.

RELATED STUDIES
Hydroponics is a fascinating field with many related studies. Some common areas of research
include optimizing nutrient solutions for plant growth, developing new hydroponic systems for
specific crops, exploring the effects of different environmental factors like light and temperature
on plant growth in hydroponic setups, and investigating the sustainability and efficiency of
hydroponic farming compared to traditional methods.
This are the researchers that simply explained the related studies of hydroponics.
Dr. Bernard Kratky: Known for his work on the Kratky method, a simplified hydroponic system
that requires no electricity or moving parts, suitable for growing plants in areas with limited
resources.
Dr. Dickson Despommier: Pioneered the concept of vertical farming, which incorporates
hydroponics and other soilless growing techniques to maximize agricultural output in urban
environments.
Dr. Nick Savidov: Researched advanced hydroponic systems and sustainable agriculture
practices, focusing on optimizing nutrient delivery and water usage efficiency.
Dr. Rakocy, J.E., W.A. Masser, and T.M. Losordo: Conducted extensive research on aquaponics,
a combination of hydroponics and aquaculture, where plants grow using the waste produced by
aquatic animals as nutrients.

Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the researcher design, sample of the study, data, instrument, and
collection of data and statistical treatment of data.

RESEARCH DESIGN
Clearly define the purpose of the research, whether it’s to optimize plant growth, study
nutrient uptake, compare different hydroponic systems, or investigate the effects of
specific variables on plant health.
Identify the independent variables (factors being manipulated) and dependent variables
(measured outcomes) in the study. This could include factors like nutrient concentration,
pH levels, lighting conditions, temperature, and types of hydroponic systems.
Design the layout of the experiment, including the number of treatments or conditions
being tested, the replication of treatments to ensure statistical validity, and the
randomization of treatments to minimize bias.
Maintain consistent environmental conditions throughout the experiment to minimize
variability and ensure that any observed effects are due to the manipulated variables
rather than external factors. This may involve controlling factors such as temperature,
humidity, light intensity, and airflow.
Determine the methods and instruments for collecting data on plant growth, nutrient
uptake, yield, and other relevant parameters. This could involve measurements such as
plant height, leaf area, root biomass, nutrient concentration in the solution, and yield of
harvested crops.
Choose appropriate statistical tests to analyze the data collected and determine
whether any observed differences between treatments are statistically significant. This
may include ANOVA (analysis of variance), t-tests, regression analysis, or other
methods depending on the research question and experimental design.

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK/CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The theoretical framework or conceptual framework of hydroponics typically revolves
around principles of plant physiology, nutrient management, water culture systems, and
environmental control. It encompasses understanding how plants absorb nutrients, the
importance of pH and nutrient concentration, the role of light and temperature, and the
design and management of hydroponic systems for optimal growth and yield. This
framework often draws from disciplines such as agronomy, horticulture, plant biology,
and environmental science to guide research, development, and application of
hydroponic techniques.

POPULATION AND LOCALE OF THE STUDY

This study was conducted at Senior High school of ELMIS Sagay city, negros.
Occidental which focuses on the growth rate of monggo beans (Vigna Radiata).
A.Y 2023-2024.

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENTS

In hydroponics research, various instruments are used to gather data on plant growth
parameters, nutrient levels, and environmental conditions. Here are some common data
gathering instruments used in hydroponics:
pH Meter: Measures the acidity or alkalinity of the nutrient solution, ensuring it remains
within the optimal range for plant growth. Maintaining proper pH levels is crucial for
nutrient availability and absorption.
EC/TDS Meter: Measures the electrical conductivity (EC) or total dissolved solids (TDS)
of the nutrient solution, indicating its concentration of dissolved salts and nutrient levels.
This helps ensure the nutrient solution is properly balanced for plant growth.
Light Meter: Measures the intensity of light in the hydroponic system, helping growers
optimize lighting conditions for plant growth. Different plant species have specific light
requirements, and monitoring light levels ensures plants receive adequate illumination
for photosynthesis.

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

The data collection procedure in hydroponics involves a structured approach to gather
information on various parameters affecting plant growth and system performance.

 Baseline Setup:

Set up your hydroponic system according to the experimental design, including nutrient
solution reservoirs, growing containers, and any required support structures.
Ensure all equipment and sensors are properly installed and calibrated.

 Initial Measurements:

Record baseline measurements for key parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity
(EC) or total dissolved solids (TDS) of the nutrient solution, temperature, humidity, and
light intensity.
Take initial measurements of plant characteristics, such as seedling size, leaf number,
and root length.

 Nutrient Solution Management:

Check and adjust the pH and nutrient concentration of the solution as needed to
maintain optimal levels for plant growth.
Monitor nutrient solution levels and replenish as necessary to ensure consistent supply
to the plants.

 Data Recording:

Maintain detailed records of all data collected, including date and time of
measurements, treatment conditions, and any relevant notes or observations.
Utilize data logging devices or software to automate data collection whenever possible.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF THE DATA

Statistical treatment of data in hydroponics involves analyzing the collected data to
identify patterns, relationships, and trends that can provide insights into plant growth,
nutrient management, and system performance.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This chapter introduces the procedures undertaken to answer the research problem set
in the previous chapters of the study.
The information accumulated were analyzed and further interpreted in this chapter.
Moreover, the outcomes obtained from the statistical analyses done are presented in
both tabular and narrative forms to explain the discovered answers to the objectives of
this research.
The growth rate of plants in hydroponic systems often surpasses that of traditional soil-
based methods due to optimized nutrient delivery and controlled environmental
conditions. Researchers have found that hydroponic plants generally grow faster and
produce higher yields compared to those grown conventionally.
There are several ways of how to maintain a hydroponics according to the researchers.
Respondents’ perception on the degree of seriousness of the difficulties
encountered in practical research 1.

The first problem that this study sought to determine the growth rate of monggo beans
(Vigna Radiata) using hydroponics.
Difficulties encountered in practical Research 1 by 12 TVL-A AUTO
One of the primary difficulties encountered in practical research in hydroponics is
nutrient management. Balancing and maintaining optimal nutrient levels in the
hydroponic solution is crucial for sustaining plant growth and health. However, achieving
this balance can be challenging due to factors such as nutrient imbalances, fluctuations
in nutrient uptake by plants, and variations in nutrient requirements among different
plant species. Us researchers must carefully monitor nutrient levels and adjust the
nutrient solution composition accordingly to prevent deficiencies or toxicities that can
hinder plant growth.
Another significant challenge in hydroponic research is pH management. pH levels in
the nutrient solution play a critical role in nutrient availability and uptake by plants.
Fluctuations in pH can occur due to factors such as changes in nutrient concentration,
microbial activity, or plant metabolism. Maintaining stable pH levels within the optimal
range is essential for ensuring proper nutrient absorption and preventing nutrient
deficiencies or toxicities. Researchers must implement effective pH monitoring and
adjustment strategies to maintain a suitable growing environment for plants.
Temperature control is another key challenge in practical research in hydroponics,
particularly in indoor cultivation settings. Temperature fluctuations can affect plant
metabolism, nutrient uptake, and overall growth. Achieving and maintaining optimal
temperatures within the hydroponic system can be challenging, especially in
environments prone to temperature variations. Researchers may need to implement
insulation, climate control systems, or shading techniques to regulate temperature and
create a stable growing environment for plants.
In addition to nutrient management, pH control, and temperature regulation, practical
research in hydroponics also faces challenges related to disease and pest
management. While hydroponic systems offer some degree of protection against soil-
borne pests and diseases, they are not immune to infestations or infections. Maintaining
proper sanitation practices, implementing integrated pest management strategies, and
monitoring for signs of disease are essential to prevent outbreaks and minimize crop
losses in hydroponic systems.
Furthermore, practical research in hydroponics requires meticulous data collection and
analysis to draw meaningful conclusions and insights. Collecting accurate and reliable
data on plant growth, nutrient levels, environmental conditions, and other variables is
essential for evaluating system performance and identifying areas for improvement.
However, ensuring consistent data collection procedures and analyzing complex
datasets can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, requiring careful attention to detail
and rigorous statistical analysis techniques.

Chapter 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the conclusion drawn, based on the salient findings of the study
presented in the previous chapter. The recommendation of the study are also provided
in this chapter.
Conclusion
Based on the findings presented through the interpretation and analyzed data gathered
the researchers found out that:
1. The perception of the growth rate of monggo beans (Vigna Radiata) using
hydroponics practical Research 2 are all to difficult to find or determined.
 2. There is no significant difference among the growth rate of monggo beans (Vigna
Radiata) using hydroponics encountered in ELMIS, sagay City Negros
Occidental.
3. The suggested measures had Been designed to address the growth rate of
monggo beans (Vigna Radiata) using hydroponics of grade 12 TVL-A AUTO.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions drawn, the following recommendations are offered:
A. Student
1. Hands-on Experience: Get involved in practical projects or internships related to
hydroponics. This could include volunteering at a hydroponic farm, joining a school or
community hydroponics club, or participating in research projects led by faculty or
industry professionals.
2. Research and Learn: Take the time to research and learn about the principles of
hydroponics, including different types of systems, nutrient management, plant
physiology, and environmental requirements. There are many online resources, books,
and courses available to help you deepen your understanding of hydroponic gardening.
3. Experiment and Innovate: Don’t be afraid to experiment and innovate with your
hydroponic setup. Try growing different types of plants, testing various nutrient
solutions, or modifying your system design to optimize plant growth and productivity.
Learning through trial and error is an important part of the learning process.
B. For the teachers
1. Emphasize Inquiry-Based Learning: Encourage students to ask questions, make
observations, and conduct experiments to explore the factors that affect plant growth in
hydroponic systems. Foster a spirit of inquiry and experimentation, allowing students to
investigate different variables, test hypotheses, and draw conclusions based on
evidence.
2. Promote Environmental Stewardship: Use hydroponics as a platform for discussing
environmental issues and promoting sustainable practices. Teach students about the
importance of water conservation, nutrient management, and reducing agricultural
waste. Encourage discussions about the environmental impacts of conventional
agriculture and the potential of hydroponics to mitigate these challenges.
3. Provide Hands-On Learning Opportunities: Hydroponics offers hands-on learning
experiences that can enhance student engagement and understanding. Allow students
to actively participate in all aspects of hydroponic cultivation, from planting seeds and
monitoring growth to maintaining nutrient solutions and troubleshooting problems.
C. For the future researchers
1. Embrace Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Hydroponics intersects with various fields
such as agriculture, horticulture, engineering, and environmental science. Collaborating
with experts from diverse disciplines can enrich research outcomes and foster
innovative solutions to complex challenges.
2. Focus on Sustainable Practices: Given the increasing importance of sustainability in
agriculture, future research in hydroponics should prioritize sustainable practices such
as resource efficiency, waste reduction, and environmental stewardship. Investigating
novel techniques for recycling nutrient solutions, utilizing renewable energy sources,
and minimizing environmental impact can contribute to the sustainability of hydroponic
systems.
3. Explore Crop Diversity: While hydroponics is commonly associated with leafy greens
and herbs, there is potential to expand the range of crops grown hydroponically. Future
research should explore the feasibility and potential benefits of cultivating a wider
variety of crops using hydroponic methods, including fruits, vegetables, and specialty
crops.

REFERENCES

 GOOGLE
 CHATGPT
 DICTIONARY
 HYDROPONICS WEBSITE
 WIKIPEDIA (HYDROPONICS)
 BOOKS (ABOUT PLANTS)
 INTERNET
 SOCIAL MEDIA