*submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for AGR12: Principles of Crop Production, 2 nd

Sem, S.Y. 2020-2021

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO.2

Identification of Major Crops in the Philippines

Introduction

Agriculture is very important in the Philippine economy. It was the key development in
the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food
surpluses that enabled people to live in cities.

Answers and Discussion

1. What are the major crops of the Philippines (cite their respective scientific name)?

MAJOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS

1. Rice (Oryza sativa)
2. Corn (Zea mays)
3. Bananas (Musa)
4. Calamansi (Ananas comosus)
5. Mangoes (Ananas comosus)
6. Pineapples (Ananas comosus)
7. Coconut (Cocos nucifera)
8. Coffee (Coffea)
9. Rubber (Havea brasiliensis)
10. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
11. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
12. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
13. Cassava (Ananas comosus)
14. Eggplant (Solanum melongena)
15. Garlic (Allium sativum)
16. Mung Bean/Mongo (Vigna radiata)
17. Onion (Allium cepa)
18. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
19. Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas)
20. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

2. Provide the production percentage of each crop and the provinces or locality here bulk of
production is as well as those minor locations for production based from the information
provided/released by the Department of Agriculture.
 RICE

The country’s total rice production over

the last five (5) years grew at an average of 1.0
percent annually. From 18.15 million metric tons
in 2015, it went up to 18.81 million metric
tons in 2019. Meanwhile, the total area
harvested declined from 4.66 million hectares in
2015 to 4.65 million hectares in 2019. During this
period, the peak of production and area harvested
were noted in 2017 at 19.28 million metric
tons and 4.81 million hectares, respectively.
(Figure 1, and Tables 1.1 and 1.2)

In 2019, the total rice was lower by -1.3 percent from the
previous year’s level. By ecosystem, more than three-fourths
(76.9 %) of total rice output came from irrigated areas and
the remaining 23.1 percent was from rainfed areas.
(Figure 2 and Table 1.1)

During the five-year period, Central

Luzon was consistently the top producer of
palay, with 3.73 million metric tons or 19.8
percent of the country’s palay output in 2019.
The other top producing regions were Cagayan
Valley with 14.1 percent share; Western
Visayas, 11.0 percent; Ilocos Region, 9.8
percent; and MIMAROPA Region, 6.4 percent.
(Figure 3 and Table 2.1)

Central Luzon had the largest share in terms

of area harvested for palay at 15.7 percent of the
4.66 million hectares area harvested in 2019. This
was followed by Western Visayas and Cagayan
Valley with corresponding shares of 13.5 percent
and 12.5 percent. (Figure 4 and Table 2.2)
 The country’s total irrigated palay production was
14.47 million metric tons in 2019. Almost two-thirds
(64.7%) of this production came from Central Luzon,
Cagayan Valley, Ilocos Region, Western Visayas, and
SOCCSKSARGEN. (Figure 5 and Table 2.1a)

In rainfed areas, total palay output reached

4.35 million metric tons in 2019. Western Visayas, as
the top producing region, shared 23.8 percent to the
total rainfed palay production. (Figure 6 and Table 2.1b)

CORN

From 2015 to 2019, corn production in the

country increased to 7.98 million metric tons from
7.52 million metric tons or at an average annual rate of 1.6 percent. On the other hand, area
harvested decreased at an average annual rate of -0.4 percent, from 2.56 million hectares in
2015 to 2.52 million hectares in 2019. The lowest production and area harvested during the
period were recorded in 2016 at 7.22 million metric tons and 2.48 million hectares,
respectively. (Figure 7, and Tables 3.1 and 3.2)

Corn production in 2019 was 2.7 percent higher

compared with the 2018 level of 7.77 million metric tons.
Yellow corn production accounted for the biggest share of the
total corn production of 5.91 million metric tons (74.0%),
while white corn shared 2.07 million metric tons (26.0%).
(Figure 8, and Tables 3.1a and 3.1b)

By region, Cagayan Valley continued to be the top

producer of corn in 2019 with 1.87 million metric
tons, which shared 23.4 percent to the total corn
production. This was followed by Northern Mindanao with
1.31 million metric tons (16.5%); and BARMM with 1.11
million metric tons (14.0%). The combined output of these
three regions accounted for 53.9 percent of the country’s
total corn production. (Figure 9 and Table 3.1)

In terms of area harvested, the same regions

contributed 61.0 percent to the national level harvest area
of 2.52 million hectares in 2019. Cagayan Valley recorded
the largest area harvested of 0.43 million hectares which
shared 17.0 percent to the total corn area harvested.
SOCCSKSARGEN came next with15.8 percent share;
Northern Mindanao, 14.9 percent; and BARMM, 13.3
percent. (Figure 10 and Table 3.2)

White corn production was registered at

2.07 million metric tons in 2019. BARMM was the top
producer with 0.50 million metric tons or 24.4 percent of
the country’s total white corn production. Northern
Mindanao followed with 0.49 million metric tons or 23.4
percent of the country’s output. (Figure 11 and Table 3.1a)
 Yellow corn production went up to 5.91 million
metric tons in 2019. Cagayan Valley remained the top
yellow corn producing region which contributed 1.83 million
metric tons or 31.0 percent to the national total in
2019. SOCCSKSARGEN ranked second with 15.3
percent share, followed by Northern Mindanao which
contributed 14.0 percent. (Figure 12 and Table 3.1b)

Fruit Crops

BANANA

From 2015 to 2019, banana production

and area planted increased annually at an
average rate of 0.2 percent and 0.3 percent,
respectively. On the contrary, number of
bearing hills declined at an average annual rate
of -0.1 percent. (Tables 1.1 to 1.3)

Production of banana in 2019 declined to

9.16 million metric tons or by -2.1 percent, from
9.36 million metric tons in 2018. However,
area planted in 2019 grew to 449.03
thousand hectares or by
0.3 percent, from 447.89 thousand hectares
in 2018. (Figure 13 and Tables 1.1 and
1.2)

Davao Region, the biggest producer of

banana, recorded 3.43 million metric tons or
37.4 percent share to the total banana
production in 2019. This was followed by
Northern Mindanao, SOCCSKSARGEN, and
BARMM with 21.4,12.9, and 6.5 percent
shares, respectively. (Figure 14 and Table 4.1)

Banana cavendish variety recorded the

largest share in production with 4.85 million
metric tons or 52.9 percent of the total banana
output in 2019. Saba and lakatan variety
followed with corresponding shares of 27.4
percent and 9.9 percent to the total,
respectively. (Figure 15 and Table 4.1a)

CALAMANSI

In the last five years, calamansi

production dropped at an average annual
rate of -5.1 percent, from 162.68 thousand
metric tons in 2015 to 125.97 thousand metric
tons in 2019. Also, the area planted decreased
annually at an average rate of -0.5 percent,
from 19.99 thousand hectares in 2015 to 19.62
thousand hectares in 2019. Similarly, the
number of bearing trees declined at an annual
average rate of -0.6 percent, from 8.53
million bearing trees in 2015 to 8.33
million bearing trees in 2019. (Figure 16, and
Tables 1.1 to 1.3)

In 2019, calamansi production at 125.97

thousand metrictons was 10.9 percent higher
than the 113.55 thousand metric tons harvest in
2018. (Figure 16 and Table 1.1

MIMAROPA Region remained as the top

producer of calamansi with 52.81 thousand metric tons or
41.9 percent share to the total calamansi production in
2019. CALABARZON came next with13.03 thousand
metric tons or 10.3 percent share. (Figure 17 and Table
5.1)

MANGO
 From 2015 to 2019, mango production
decreased at an average annual rate of -4.8
percent, from 902.74 thousand metric tons in
2015 to 737.94 thousand metric tons in 2019. In
the same manner, area planted slowed down at
an average annual rate of -0.2 percent, from
188.42 thousand hectares in 2015 to 186.62
thousand hectares in 2019. Likewise, the
number of bearing trees declined at an
average annual rate of -1.0 percent from 9.95
million bearing trees in 2015 to 9.56 million
bearing trees in 2019. (Figure 18, and Tables
1.1 to 1.3)

Ilocos Region was the top mango producer

with production of 178.54 thousand metric tons
or 24.2 percent share to the country’s total
output in 2019. This was followed by Central
Visayas and Zamboanga Peninsula with a
combined share of 21.3 percent. (Figure 19 and
Table 9.1)

Carabao mango was

still the most
produced variety at
593.08 thousand
metric tons, which
contributed 80.4
percent to the total
output in 2019.
(Figure 20 and
Table 9.1a)

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Crops Production Survey (

PINEAPPLE

From 2015 to 2019, production and area

planted of pineapple increased with average
annual rates of 1.6 percent and 1.3 percent
respectively (Tables 1.1 and 1.2).

Pineapple production in 2019 reached

2.75 million metric tons, higher by 0.6 percent compared with the 2.73 million metric tons in 2018.
However, area planted slightly dropped to 66.05 thousand hectares or by -0.2 percent in
2019, from66.19 thousand hectares in 2018. (Figure 21, and Tables 1.1 and 1.2)

During the five-year period, Northern

Mindanao consistently contributed more than
half to the country’s total pineapple production.
In 2019, Northern Mindanao produced 1.58
million metric tons of pineapple which was 57.6
percent of the total output. SOCCSKSARGEN
came next with 0.81 million metric tons or
29.5 percent share. (Figure 22 and Table
13.1)
 OTHER FRUIT CROPS
For the period 2015 to 2019, papaya,
watermelon, durian, mandarin, tamarind, orange,
rambutan, mangosteen, and lanzones are the top
contributor commodities to other fruit crops.

Watermelon production from 2015 to 2019

decreased at an average annual rate of -0.7
percent, from 148.03 thousand metric tons in 2015
to 143.48 thousand metric tons in 2019. In 2019,
production of watermelon went down by -4.7
percent, from 150.52 thousand metric tons in 2018.

Likewise, papaya production dropped at

an average annual rate of -0.9 percent from 2015 to
2019. In 2019, production of papaya dropped to
166.16 thousand metric tons, from 169.14 thousand
metric tons in 2018.

Production of durian also dropped at an

average annual rate of -1.6 percent over the five-
year period. However, durian production went up to
79.28 thousand metric tons in 2019 from the
75.52 thousand metric tons output in 2018. (Figure
23 and Table 1.1)

Mandarin, tamarind, and orange

production continued to decline from 2015 to 2019.
During this period, production of these fruit crops
dropped at an average annual rate of -4.7 percent,
-3.8 percent,and -10.0 percent, respectively. (Figure
24 and Table 1.1)

Production of rambutan, mangosteen, and

lanzones recovered from 2015 to 2019 at an
average annual rate of 1.8, 39.6, and
11.2 percent, respectively. (Table 1.1)
 Non-Food and Industrial Crops

ABACA

Production of abaca fibers from 2015 to

2019 went up at an average annual rate of
0.7 percent, from 70.36 thousand metric tons
in 2015 to 72.21 thousand metric tons in 2019.
In contrast, area planted decreased at an
average annual rate of -0.3 percent, from
134.19 thousand hectares in 2015 to 132.37
thousand hectares in 2019.

Abaca production in 2019 reached72.21

thousand metric tons, higher by 1.0 percent
compared with the71.52 thousand metric tons
in 2018. Similarly, area planted for abaca slightly increased
to 132.37 thousand hectares in 2019 or by 0.1
percent, from 132.25 thousand hectares in 2018.
(Figure 26, and Tables 1.1 and 1.2)

Bicol Region remained as the top abaca producer in

2019 with 28.94 thousand metric tons or 40.1 percent
contribution to the total abaca production. This was followed
by Eastern Visayas and Davao Region with 17.5 percent
and 12.5 percent shares, respectively. Also, Bicol Region
had the largest area planted for abaca with 43.16 thousand
hectares in 2019. (Figure 27, and Tables 17.1 and 17.2)
 3. Do you think that each locality must focus only on a single crop for production with respect to
Economic factors and profitability? Justify your answer.
4. Provide crops that are currently emerging to be one of the major crops of the Philippines in
the near future.

Conclusion

References: