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INTRODUCTION

Watering is both the most labor-intensive chore and the most significant cultural

practice in day-to-day farming or gardening operations. You want to be able to regulate

how much water gets to your plants regardless of the weather—whether it's too hot and

dry or too overcast and damp. When plants require watering, modern irrigation systems

could be an efficient way to provide it. But there are two crucial factors that must be

taken into account when watering manually, how much and when to water. We have

developed an automated plant watering system to replace manual tasks and simplify the

work of gardeners. You can help every plant in your garden or agricultural area realize its

maximum potential and save water by installing an automatic plant watering system.

Sprinklers, drip emitters, or a mix of the two allow us to create a system that is perfect for

each and every plant in our yard (Divani et al., 2019).

At the moment, daily hand watering and fertilization of the indoor plants occurs.

But improper fertilization and irrigation can cause plants to wither, die, or stop blooming.

Furthermore, in order to properly care for specialist plants and extend their lives, users

must also understand humidity and temperature. The user’s capacity to care for their

indoor plants is further restricted by their current way of living (Abdalla et., al 2021).

An automated system for watering plants has been created to reduce gardeners'

labor by replacing labor-intensive manual labor. An automatic plant watering system will

help your garden or agricultural area since it will allow every plant to flourish to its full

potential. Auto-watering systems are widely used in many industries these days,

including gardening, landscaping, and agriculture. Typically, the entire auto-watering

system was controlled by a water pump, timer, soil sensor, and water sensor. Other than
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that, auto watering systems provide several benefits, such time and water savings, as well

as guaranteeing that plants will receive enough water to produce higher-quality plants or

yields. The most significant cultural practice and one of the most tedious tasks in the

daily operation of a greenhouse is watering the plants. To make the work of gardeners

easier, automatic plant watering systems are created. Being time activated of the

Arduino- powered self-watering pot is the research gap in this study.

Considering all the stated issues, we come up with the idea to innovate an

automated watering systems. Getting water to plants when they need it is made easier

using watering systems. Two key components of the watering process are knowing when

and how much to water. Studies by AlBahadly and Thompson (2019), each plant must

receive the correct amount of water. Too much water may starve the plant's roots of

oxygen and cause them to rot; too less water and the plant will not receive the nutrients in

needs to survive. This type of system is often used for general plant care, as part of caring

for small and large gardens. Normally, the plants need to be watered twice daily, morning

and evening. Automation is a technology used to carry out work processes or procedures

without human assistance. The system is also equipped with programming capabilities

that allow users to customize the watering schedule according to their personal

preferences.

This research aims to create automated watering system. The purpose of this

research is to develop, build, and test the system that will water the plant autonomously.

The research methodology for the Automatic Watering System Using Arduino Board is

experimenting. It is necessary to consider many stages of the process, including design,

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manufacturing/development, and installation. After that, the final product is tested by

looking at a few variables that were previously identified.

The progress of technology has made it feasible to automatically establish

fertilization and irrigation methods. Rapid technological advancement is occurring,

especially in the agricultural sector. Watering requires a lot of energy because it is still

done by hand. One of the easiest methods to keep plants healthy is to make sure they get

enough water. Soil testing is also important to determine the water content and conditions

of the soil, as it can help prevent droughts, which would kill the plants .Unfortunately, in

addition to knowing when to stop flushing, that a lot of water is needed, and how often to

water my plants, the community also has to know when to flush. The Automatic

Gardening Robot plants using soil media, and its dimensions can be adjusted to meet

your needs while remaining inside the designated boundaries. According to a study by

Martini et al. (2020), this innovative agricultural robot uses a CNC machine to walk at

any point on the plant to farm crops autonomously and without the need for human

intervention, the Automatic Gardening Robot, plant plants using soil media, and the

planting area’s dimensions can be changed to suit your needs while staying inside the

designated boundaries.

This study aims to investigate the efficacy and environmental implications of

deploying time-activated Arduino-powered self-watering pots as a viable solution for

efficient plant maintenance. Through technological innovation, the study seeks to

determine the extent to which time-activated Arduino-powered self-watering pots can

alleviate the burden of manual watering, reduce water wastage, and contribute to

sustainable gardening practices.

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The study and implementation of creating a time-activated Arduino-powered self-

watering pot for efficient plant maintenance offer significant benefits to both gardeners

and indoor plant enthusiasts. This technological innovation represents a leap forward in

plant care by providing an automated solution to the critical task of watering plants,

addressing common challenges such as forgetfulness, inconsistent watering schedules,

and time constraints, the advent of a time-activated Arduino-powered self-watering pot

simplifies the process of plant care, making it more accessible to individuals with busy

lifestyles or limited gardening experience. By automating the watering process, users no

longer need to worry about remembering to water their plants regularly, reducing the risk

of under or overwatering, which can lead to plant stress, wilting, and even death. This

ensures that plants receive the appropriate amount of water at the right time, promoting

healthy growth and vitality.

The conceptual framework of this study revolves around the comparison of two

distinct methods of watering plants: the dependent variable being the manual or

traditional way of watering plants, and the independent variable being the Arduino-

powered self-watering pot. In this framework, the manual watering method represents the

established standard against which the effectiveness and efficiency of the Arduino-

powered self-watering pot are evaluated. The dependent variable, manual watering,

serves as the baseline for comparison, reflecting conventional practices in plant care.

Meanwhile, the independent variable, the Arduino-powered self-watering pot, represents

an innovative technological solution designed to automate and optimize the watering

process.
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Conceptual Framework

METHODOLOGY

The research design utilized in this study is a descriptive research design since we

will only gather data by descriptive observation of the product, which is the self-watering

pot. In this study, the Arduino-powered self-watering pot serves as the experimental

group.

To guarantee the reliability and accuracy of the information gathered, check the

moisture level, in the soil is crucial to make sure your plant is getting water. You can do

this by using sensors in the pots soil or with probes. It's also helpful to track how quickly

the water is being used up so you know how to water your plant. By keep a record of

when and how you water your plant you can spot any patterns. Adjust your watering

routine as needed. And don't forget about factors, like temperature and humidity – they
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play a role in how well your plant grows and holds onto water. Lastly watch your plants

health and growth progress, it gives you an insight that complements all the data you've

gathered.

This study will be conducted in Purok Salingsing, Balintawak, Pagadian City,

Philippines. In this study, the materials that will be needed will be collected from

hardware stores in Pagadian City. The specific locale selected for this study is situated in

Barangay Balintawak, known for its vast space for this study. In conducting this research,

various materials essential for the development of the time-activated Arduino-powered

self-watering pot were procured from hardware stores, including wires and flower pots,

essential for the physical assembly of the system. Additionally, specialized components

such as sensors were acquired through online shopping websites, enabling access to a

wide range of sensor options suitable for detecting soil moisture levels and triggering the

watering mechanism.

Regular performance evaluations of Arduino systems can be conducted to identify

and address potential vulnerabilities, ensuring the reliability and efficiency of the self-

watering pot system. These assessments involve monitoring the Arduino-controlled

components for any malfunctions, glitches, or inefficiencies, and performing necessary

maintenance or updates to optimize performance. By implementing these proactive

measures, the self-watering pot system can continue to operate smoothly and effectively,

meeting the user's needs while minimizing the risk of system failures.

Assembling the watering pot:

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To assemble the self-watering pots equipped with Arduino-controlled systems,

prepare the materials for the product. Two pots; smaller and a bigger one, vulcaseal, small

water pump, Arduino uno, capacitive soil moisture, sensor, jumper wire, screw terminal

block shield for Arduino, and a small hose. Firstly, assemble the Arduino uno and the

capacitive soil moisture sensor using the jumper wire. Drill a hole inside the big pot and

then connect it to the hose. After it is connected, connect the water pump to the hose. Put

the smaller pot inside the bigger one and then add the soil. Press the soil moisture sensor

in the soil to test if it works. Make it work by crafting an Arduino code using the app. If

the water starts pumping after it’s detected by the sensor that it’s dry, then the product

does work.

RESULTS

The integration of various sensors, particularly moisture sensors nestled within

the soil, empowers the self-watering pot system to continuously track moisture levels in

real-time. This sophisticated arrangement ensures that the system remains responsive to

the dynamic moisture requirements of the plant. Through meticulous programming and

fine-tuning, the system has been meticulously calibrated to interpret even subtle shifts in

soil moisture content, offering precise insights into the plant's hydration needs. This level

of detail allows for timely intervention, ensuring optimal watering conditions for the

plant's growth and vitality.

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Despite the system's proficiency in accurately gauging soil moisture, a notable

setback arises from the malfunction of the relay module. This component, pivotal in

controlling the activation and deactivation of the water pump, fails to respond effectively

to the signals transmitted by the moisture sensor. Consequently, even when the sensor

detects sufficient moisture in the soil, signaling that watering is unnecessary, the relay

module neglects to halt the pump's operation. This discrepancy between sensor input and

relay output undermines the system's overall functionality, impeding its ability to operate

seamlessly and efficiently.

DISCUSSION

The situation with the self-watering pot device highlights the complex interplay

between technology and practical application. On one hand, the integration of

sophisticated sensors, such as moisture sensors embedded within the soil, represents a

significant advancement in automated plant care. These sensors offer the promise of real-

time monitoring and precise control over watering, potentially revolutionizing how we

nurture and sustain plants. However, the discrepancy between the accurate detection of

soil moisture by the sensor and the malfunctioning relay module underscores the

challenges inherent in implementing such systems in real-world settings.

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One key aspect of this discussion revolves around the importance of robust and

reliable hardware components in automated systems. While precise coding and

calibration are essential for ensuring accurate sensor readings and responsive control

mechanisms, they can only do so much if the underlying hardware fails to function as

intended. In the case of the malfunctioning relay module, the system's ability to translate

sensor data into actionable commands is compromised, ultimately undermining its

effectiveness and reliability. This highlights the need for thorough testing and quality

assurance measures during the development and deployment of such systems to mitigate

the risk of component failure.

Moreover, the situation prompts reflection on the inherent limitations and

complexities of automation in natural processes. While technology can undoubtedly

enhance efficiency and convenience, it must always be accompanied by a degree of

human oversight and intervention, especially when dealing with living organisms. The

failure of the relay module to deactivate the pump despite sufficient soil moisture serves

as a reminder that automated systems must be designed with fail-safes and contingency

plans to prevent unintended consequences or harm to plants. Balancing automation with

human intervention ensures that we harness the benefits of technology while maintaining

a respectful and responsible approach to plant care.

The discussion surrounding the self-watering pot device highlights the promise

and challenges of integrating advanced sensor technology into everyday applications.

While the ability to monitor soil moisture in real-time and automate watering processes

holds immense potential for improving plant care practices, it also underscores the

importance of robust hardware, careful design, and human oversight. By addressing the
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underlying issues with the malfunctioning relay module and implementing measures to

enhance reliability and resilience, we can continue to explore the possibilities of

automated plant care while ensuring the well-being of our green companions.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the self-watering pot device represents a promising advancement in

automated plant care, leveraging advanced sensor technology to monitor soil moisture

levels in real-time. The meticulous coding and calibration of the system enable it to

accurately detect variations in soil moisture and trigger the water pump accordingly.

However, the malfunctioning relay module poses a significant obstacle, preventing the

system from functioning as intended by failing to deactivate the pump when moisture

levels are sufficient.

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While this setback highlights the importance of robust hardware components and

thorough testing in automated systems, it also underscores the complexities and

challenges inherent in integrating technology with natural processes. Moving forward,

addressing the issue with the relay module and implementing measures to enhance

reliability will be crucial in realizing the full potential of the self-watering pot device.

Additionally, a balanced approach that combines automation with human oversight and

intervention will ensure responsible and effective plant care practices, ultimately

fostering healthier and thriving greenery in our homes and gardens.

RECOMMENDATION

Addressing the malfunctioning relay module emerges as a critical task to restore

the self-watering pot system to full operational capacity. By diagnosing and rectifying the

issue with the relay module, the system can regain its functionality and reliability.

Additionally, implementing measures to prevent similar malfunctions in the future, such

as regular maintenance checks and component replacements when necessary, will

contribute to the system's long-term performance and ensure consistent and effective

plant care. Through diligent troubleshooting and proactive maintenance, the self-watering

pot system can fulfill its intended purpose of providing automated and optimized

hydration for plants, fostering healthy growth and thriving greenery.

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Table of Contents

Title Page i

Table of contents ii

Abstract iii

Introduction 1

Methodology 5

Results7

Discussion 8
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Conclusion 10

Recommendation 11

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IX, ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
DIVISION OF PAGADIAN CITY
ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL-Senior High School

CREATING AN ARDUINO-POWERED SELF-WATERING POT FOR

EFFICIENT PLANT MAINTENANCE

A Research Presented to the

Zamboanga Del Sur National High School
Senior High School
City of Pagadian, Zamboanga Del Sur
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In Fulfillment of the Requirement of

the Subject Research/Capstone Project

By:
Colobong, Kervin M.
Dalaguiado, Jade N.
Dayondon, Frances D.
Evangelio, Irish Faith G.
Ganotice, Reina May A.
Midel, Jovial Claire N.
Pardo, Kristine Joy R.
Recopelacion, Den Mark T.
Reyes, Roseller John M.

February 2024
REFERENCES
Abdalla, S. Y., Yogaraju, H., & Rai, S. (2021). Design and Development of an IOT based
Plant Growth Monitoring and Management System for Indoor Farming. Malaysian
Journal of Science and Advanced Technology, 77–80.
https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v1i3.16

Al-Bahadly, I., & Thompson, J. (2015, December). Garden watering system based on
moisture sensing. In 2015 9th international conference on sensing technology (ICST) (pp.
263-268). IEEE.
Divani, D., Patil, P., & Punjabi, S. K. (2016, April). Automated plant Watering system.
In 2016 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy Information and
Commuincation (ICCPEIC) (pp. 180-182). IEEE.

Martini, N. P. D. A., Tamami, N., & Alasiry, A. H. (2020, September). Design and
development of automatic plant robots with scheduling system. In 2020 International
Electronics Symposium (IES) (pp. 302-307). IEEE.
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CREATING AN ARDUINO-POWERED SELF-WATERING POT FOR

EFFICIENT PLANT MAINTENANCE

Colobong, K.1., Dalaguiado, J.2, Dayondon, F.3, Evangelio, I. F.4, Ganotice, R. M.5,

Midel, J. C.6, Pardo, K.J.7, Recopelacion, D. M.8, Reyes, R. J.9

The self-watering pot device, which is equipped with a variety of sensors,

including moisture sensors embedded in the soil, is a promising alternative for automated
plant care. The device intelligently monitors moisture levels in real time using precise
coding and calibration, hence improving irrigation efficiency. However, the defective
relay module poses a serious challenge because it fails to disable the pump when enough
moisture is detected, jeopardizing the system's functionality. This setback emphasizes the
significance of strong hardware components and rigorous testing in automated systems.
Addressing the relay module issue and implementing reliability-enhancing measures are
critical stages in reaching the self-watering pot device's true potential. Furthermore, a
balanced strategy that blends technology and human supervision is required for safe plant
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care practices. Moving forward, identifying and repairing the relay module issue is
recommended to restore the system's operational capability. Regular maintenance
inspections, component replacements, and proactive troubleshooting will all help to
improve long-term performance and reliability. By addressing these issues, the self-
watering pot system can keep its promise of supplying automatic and optimal hydration
to plants, fostering healthy growth and lush greens.

Keywords: self-watering, integrated watering systems, plant care,