Disa

ster
- Underlying factors and pressures can be managed so
THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK that the risks can be reduced.

REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT Vulnerabilit

SYSTEM R=HxVxE Exposur

The Philippine Disaster Risk Profile C Capacit

The Geographic Location Ris Hazar

- Makes PH vulnerable to almost all types of natural

hazards
Pacific Ring of Fire
- Philippine Sea and Eurasian (major tectonic plates)
meet
- Highly-prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
- Explains the existence of earthquakes, tsunamis
- Around 300 volcanoes (22 are active) in the country
Pacific Typhoon Belt
- Explains the existence of an average of 20 typhoons
visiting the country every year (5 of which are said to
be destructive)
Climate Change
- Increasing global temperatures and rising sea levels
further leads to worsening occurrences and impacts
of disasters.
Human-Induced Disasters
Reducing Disaster Risks
DISASTER
- serious disruption of the functioning of a community
or a society
- widespread losses and impacts
- exceeds the ability of the affected community or
society to cope using its own resources.
- combination of the exposure to a hazard; the
conditions of vulnerability that are present; and
insufficient capacity
- problems brought about by the vulnerabilities which
increase disaster risks.
 Poor construction
 Inappropriate location
 Fast growing population
 Urbanization/ Environmental degradation
 Pollution
- Disasters, especially the natural hazards, cannot
ultimately be controlled and avoided.
Risk
- probability of an event and its negative consequences
Hazard
- cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihood and services,
social and economic disruption, or environmental
damage
Vulnerability
- the characteristics and circumstances of a
community, system or asset that make it susceptible
to the damaging effects of a hazard.
- from various physical, social, economic, and
environmental factors
Capacity
- strengths and resources available within a
community, society or organization
- reduce the level of risk, or effects of a disaster.
Exposure
- the degree to which the elements at risk are likely to
experience hazard events of different magnitude.
Increase capacity to decrease vulnerability, thus, reducing
disaster risk.
RA 10121: The Paradigm Shift in the Philippine
DRRM System
- 21 years in the making
- Passed thru 7 Congresses; 4 Administrations
- Signed into law on May 27, 2010
- Strengthens the PDRRM System
- Provides for the NDRRM Framework
- Institutionalizes the NDRRM Plan
- Appropriates Funds
Institutionalizing DRRM
- RA 10121 transformed the PDRRMS from Disaster
Relief and Response towards Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management

1|P a g e PrelimNotes
The Four Thematic Areas in DRRM
1. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation DOST
2. Disaster Preparedness DILG
3. Disaster Response DSWD
4. Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery NEDA
The DRRM Actors
NDRRM Framework and NDRRM Plan
- The enactment of RA 10121 also led to the
formulation and development of the NDRRM
Framework and NDRRM Plan

NDRRM Framework, June 2011

- Serves as the principal guide to DRRM efforts in the
country
- Provides for a comprehensive, all-hazards, multi-
sectoral, inter-agency and community-based
approach to DRRM
VISION:
Safer, adaptive and disaster-resilient Filipino communities DRRMC COORDINATION DURING EMERGENCIES
towards sustainable development.
Barangay Disaster 1 Barangay affected
Committee
City/Municipal DRRMC 2 or more Barangays affected
NDRRM Plan, February 2012
A road map from 2011 to 2028 on how DRRM shall: Provincial DRRMC 2 or more Cities/ Municipalities
affected
 contribute to gender responsive and rights based Regional DRRMC 2 or more Provinces affected
sustainable development, NDRRMC 2 or more Regions affected
 promote inclusive growth,
 build adaptive communities,
 increase resilience of vulnerable sectors OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE
 optimize disaster mitigation opportunities to
promote people welfare and institutions - One of the five (5) bureaus of DND
- Established on July 1, 1973
- Executive Arm and Secretariat of the NDRRMC
- Leads in coordinating the activities and functions of
the N/RDRRMC member agencies

The Battle Cry: “We ORCHESTRATE Disaster Management

Activities with Utmost COMMITMENT in order to
DELIVER what is Best for the Country and our People”

N/RDRRMC OPERATIONS CENTER

- Operates on a 24/7 basis
- Center for DRRM coordination
- Provides DRRM guidelines
- Disseminates reports, alerts and other
communications
- Central command and control facility

2|P a g e PrelimNotes
 - Documents and maintains the database of relevant  Contingency planning
DRRM information  Prepositioning of equipment & supplies
 Enhancement of operation & coordination centers
 Organizing, training & equipping responders
Cycle of  Organizing & mobilizing community volunteers
Operation  Conduct of disaster trainings & drills
RESPONSE

 Search, rescue & retrieval operations

 Humanitarian aid, relief and health services
 Provision for temporary shelter, water, sanitation &
hygiene
 Financial assistance to calamity victims
 Management of evacuation centers

REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY

 Early recovery & rehabilitation

 Reconstruction of damaged houses & buildings
 Resettlement
 Provision for livelihood
 Restoration & improvement of destroyed facilities

During emergencies, the NDRRMC OpCen is activated into

an NDRRMC Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and
becomes the nerve center for:
- alert and monitoring
- multi-agency operational coordination
- response resource mobilization
- information management
Local DRRM Offices
- To be established in every Province, City and
Municipality, and Barangay

- Responsible for setting the direction, development,

implementation and coordination of DRRM programs
within their territorial jurisdiction

The DRRM Efforts

PREVENTION AND MITIGATION

 Development of alarm & early warning systems

 Nationwide flood forecasting & monitoring
 Geo-hazard mappings
 Comprehensive land use planning, building & safety
standards
 Engineering interventions
 Flood control structures

PREPAREDNESS

3|P a g e PrelimNotes
 THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK conditions of exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to
one or more of the following: human, material, economic and
REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT environmental losses and impacts”

Other Organizations Health Disaster

Government - Catastrophic event that result in casualties that

overwhelmed the healthcare resources in a
- (NDRRRMC, Executive Office, DILG, LGU, community
government hospitals, military and police forces, - Results in a sudden unanticipated surge of patients, a
etc.), change in the standards of care, and the need to
Non– government organizations allocate scarce resources

- (private hospitals, Red Cross, private organizations,

religious and socio-civic). NATURAL vs. TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTER vs.
ANTHROPOLOGIC
“Community health nurses, being the frontline health care workers
respond to various injuries or casualties and must remain alert and ready
NATURAL DISASTERS
to be of service. Also, community health nurses are responsible for
Major adverse events that occurs because of a natural process.
educating the public on the health, safety and security threats and dangers
Most are inevitable but somehow, humans have significant
that are associated to the disaster. Nurses working in the emergency
department of hospitals are likewise prepared to attend to the health needs contribution to the occurrence of these natural phenomenon,
of the victims with appropriate manpower, equipment, supplies and like for example, climate change and landslide.
facilities. The emergency response happens immediately and locally.
Concerned groups (GOs and NGOs) should response urgently to save the
lives of the people and minimize disabilities and casualties”
Geological Disasters
Hyogo Framework  Avalanches
- January 2005, 168 Governments; 10-year plan  Landslides
- World Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in  Earthquakes
Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.  Sinkholes
- Make the world safer from natural  Volcanic Eruptions
- Goal: reduce disaster losses by 2015 - in lives, and in  Dust storm
the social, economic, and environmental assets of
communities and countries.
- Offers guiding principles, priorities for action, and Hydrological Disasters
practical means for achieving disaster resilience for  Floods
vulnerable communities  Tsunamis
Salient Features  Limnic eruptions (aka “lake overturn”) – occurs
when a gas (CO2) suddenly erupts from deep lake
- Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a water, erupts from deep lake water, forming a gas
local priority with a strong institutional basis for cloud capable of suffocating humans, wildlife, and
implementation. livestock.
- Identify, assess, and monitor disaster risks - and
enhance early warning.
- Use knowledge, innovation, and education to build a Meteorological & Climatological Disasters
culture of safety and resilience at all levels.
 Tropical Cyclones (typhoon, cyclone, cyclonic
- Reduce the underlying risk factors. storms and hurricanes)
- Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective – “hurricane” on northeast pacific regions
response at all levels. – “typhoon” on the northwest
– “cyclone” in South Pacific and Indian Ocean
Concepts and Types of Disasters

Disaster  Thunderstorm –Severe storms, dust clouds and

volcanic eruptions can generate lightning. Apart from
“A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or the
society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with

4|P a g e PrelimNotes
 damage typically associated with storms, such as
winds, hail and flooding, the lightning itself can
damage buildings, ignite fires and kill by direct
contact
 Blizzards – severe winter storms
 Hailstorms – these are ice that does not melt during a
storm and hits the ground.
 Ice storms – a winter storm characterized by freezing
rain. This can be measured by a minimum of ¼ inch
thick of ice on exposed surfaces
 Cold Waves – it is a rapid fall in temperature within
24 hours, requiring substantial increased to protect
humans, agriculture, industry and limiting or
preventing social activities.
 Heat Waves – is a period of having unusual and
excessively hot weather (40ᴼC / 104ᴼF and above).
This can trigger bush / forest fires, widespread air
pollution, and heat strokes among humans and
livestock).
 Droughts – unusual dryness of the soil due to below
level average of rainfall over a prolonged period of
time.
 Tornadoes (a.k.a “twister” or “cyclone”)
 Firestorms – this is the rarest natural disaster;
Fireballs fall from a storm cloud or fires carried by
strong wind. This can be of natural (high altitude
bush fires) or man-made (from a destructive bomb)
form of disaster.
Biological Disasters
 Caused by epidemics (flu, measles, polio, etc.),
pandemics (Spanish flu, COVID-19, SARS, HIV-
AIDS, Plague, etc.), livestock epidemics (e.g., FMD,
Bird’s Flu, etc.).
TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTER
- A catastrophic event that is caused by either human
error in controlling a technology or a malfunction of
a technological system.
- wide range of mostly man – made failures and
accidents, or failure to perceivethe effect of a
particular application of technology.
Examples
- Structural collapses of bridges, mines, buildings, and
other infrastructures
5|P a g e PrelimNotes
- Pollution (air, water, soil,) from manufacturers and
industries
- Chemical explosions and poisoning
- Nuclear explosions from bombs, weapons, and
nuclear energy,
- Airplane crash due to human and / or technological
errors, etc.
ANTHROPOLOGIC/MAN MADE DISASTERS
- Have an element of human intent, negligence, or
error evolving a failure of a man – made system.
- Considered as crime, arson, civil disorder, act of
terrorism, war, biological and / chemical threat,
cyber-attacks, among others.
Terrorism
- Use of force or violence against persons or
properties.
- Includes assassinations, kidnappings, hijackings,
bomb scares and actual bombing, cyber – attacks, use
of chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons.
- High – risk targets are military and government
officials and facilities,
- Some terrorists’ resorts to suicide bomber
Transitional Human Shelters
- A shelter option that should help people afflicted
with conflicts and disasters (natural or man – made)
acquire temporary or permanent resettlement.
Challenges:
• Over-crowding
• Inadequacy of food and water supplies
• Improper and inadequate hygiene supplies and
facilities
• Loss of property, lives, and employment
• Loss of privacy
• Lack of isolation facilities to control highly
communicable
• Diseases
• Inadequate protection
INTERNAL VS EXTERNAL DISASTERS
EXTERNAL DISASTER
 - Is an event that impacts a facility when demand for
services go beyond available resources.
Example:
- Having sudden influx of patients with highly
transmissible infectious disease such as COVID – 19.
- This can also cause internal disaster to the hospital
staff and its management plan and protocols.
INTERNAL DISASTER
- Is an event that happens within the facility that poses
a threat to interrupt the environment of care.
Example:
 Fire
 Explosion
 Violence inside the workplace
 Long – term brownouts
 Utility failures (hardware and software)
 Radiation contamination
 Bomb threats,
 Act of terrorism and bioterrorism
The health effect of disasters may be extensive and broad in
their distribution across the affected population. In addition to
causing deaths, injury, and illnesses, disasters disrupt the
people’s access to primary care, preventive services, and
exacerbate mental health and wellness
Disasters, depending on its nature, magnitude, and location
can cause short – or long – term effect to the physiological and
mental health of the population
Epidemiology
- the distribution and determinants of health – related
events in human population
- Is a branch of medical science that investigates all the
factors that determine the presence or absence of
diseases and disorders
Disaster Epidemiology
6|P a g e PrelimNotes
- Assessment of the short- and long-term adverse
health effects of disasters to help guide emergency
response and recovery efforts and predict
consequences of future disasters.
- Provides situational awareness; that is, information
that helps us understand what the needs are, plan the
response, and gather the appropriate resources.
- Measurement of the adverse health effect of natural
and / or human – generated disasters and the factors
that contribute to those effects, with the overall
objective of assessing the needs of disaster – affected
populations, matching available resources to needs,
preventing further health effects, evaluating program
effectiveness, and planning for contingencies
Disaster Epidemiology Objectives
1. Prevent or reduce the number of deaths, illnesses, and
injuries caused by disasters.
2. Provide timely and accurate health information for
decision-makers.
3. Improve prevention and mitigation strategies for
future disasters by collecting information for future
response preparation
PHASES OF DISASTER RESPONSE
Phase I: Pre – Disaster (Warning Phase or Mitigation Phase)
Phase II: Impact Phase – Disaster strikes. Disaster creates
social, economic, and physical impact.
Phase III: Rescue or Heroic Phase –State of emergency
where survival, rescue, evacuation and isolation, and people
are working together to save lives.
Phase IV: Remedy or Honeymoon Phase – Optimism, lots
of initial help from various concerned individuals, volunteer
groups or organizations, faith – based or religious groups, and
the local and national government.
Phase V: Inventory Phase – Survivors begin to recognize
limitations of help and assess future.
Phase VI: Disillusionment Phase – Survivors recognize
reality of losses, limits of outside relief, and increased levels
of stress and stress reactions.
Phase VII: Reconstruction or Recovery Phase: Can last for
years. Involve structural rebuilding, integration of life changes
and ongoing assessment of post – disaster future and disaster
losses.
 PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• Communication & coordination
Mitigation Response
• Saving lives
Involves steps to reduce vulnerability to disaster impacts such
as injuries and loss of life and property.
• Restoring telecommunications
This might involve changes in local building codes to fortify • Infrastructure
buildings; revised zoning and land use management; Recovery • Improving lives
strengthening of public infrastructure; and other efforts to • Recovery & rehabilitation of other
make the community more resilient to a catastrophic event. services

Preparedness

Focuses on understanding how a disaster might impact the DRRM PHILIPPINE LAWS
community and how education, outreach and training can
build capacity to respond to and recover from a disaster. Risk Reduction and Preparedness Equipment Protection
Act (RA 10344)

- The act penalizing the unauthorized taking, stealing,

keeping, or tampering of government risk reduction
Response and preparedness equipment, accessories, and similar
facilities
Addresses immediate threats presented by the disaster,
including saving lives, meeting humanitarian needs (food,
shelter, clothing, public health and safety), cleanup, damage
assessment, and the start of resource distribution. Children’s Emergency Relief and Protection Act (RA
10821)
• Triage efforts
• Business re- entry - The act mandating the provision of emergency relief and
• Business recovery centers protection for children before, during, and after disasters
• State resources and other emergency situations

Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA 9729)

Recovery - An act mainstreaming climate change into government
The fourth phase of disaster and is the restoration of all policy formulations, establishing the framework strategy
aspects of the disaster’s impact on a community and the return and program on climate change, creating for this purpose
of the local economy to some sense of normalcy. the climate change commission, and for other purposes

Short-term phase- lasts from six months to at least one year Philippine Clean Air Act (RA 8749)
Long-term phase- can range up to decades, requires thoughtful - The act providing for a comprehensive air pollution
strategic planning and action control, policies and for other purposes

Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003 (RA 9211)

• Public education & Awareness - An act regulating the packaging, use, sale, distribution,
Mitigation • Hazard & vulnerability assessment and advertisements of tobacco products and for other
• Improved infrastructure purposes.

Toxic Substances and the Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes

• National emergency Control Act of 1990 (RA 6969)
telecommunication
• Response plans - This Act shall cover the importation, manufacture,
Preparedness
• Training and exercise processing, handling, storage, transportation, sale,
• Early warning distribution, use and disposal of all unregulated chemical
• Standard operating procedures substances and mixtures in the Philippines, including the
entry even in transit, as well as the keeping or storage and

7|P a g e PrelimNotes
 disposal of hazardous and nuclear wastes into the country
for whatever purposes

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA

9003)

- An act providing for an ecological solid waste

management program, creating the necessary institutional
mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts
prohibited and providing penalties, appropriating funds
therefor, and for other purposes.

Wildlife Resources and Conservation and Protection Act

(RA 9147)

- An act providing for the conservation and protection of

wildlife resources and their habitats, appropriating funds
therefor and for other purposes.

National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act

of 1992 (RA 7586)

- An act providing for the establishment and management

of national integrated protected areas system, defining its
scope and coverage, and for other purposes

8|P a g e PrelimNotes
 COMMUNITY BASED EARLY - Systematically collect data and undertake risk
assessments
WARNING SYSTEM (CBEWS)
Early Warning System Monitoring and warning service
Provision of information to individuals, households, groups or
- Are the right parameters being monitored?
a community about the existence of a hazard or danger with
- Is there a sound scientific basis for making forecasts?
ample expectancy on what can be done to prevent or minimize
- Can accurate and timely warnings be generated?
the danger
- Develop hazard monitoring and early warning
services

R.A. 10121 PDRRM Act Consider the following:

Sec. 3 – DOT • Gale warning

• Storm Surge Warning
(q) “Early Warning System” – set of capacities needed to • Irregular flooding
generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning • Indigenous knowledge
information to enable individuals, communities and
organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act
appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of
Dissemination and communication
harm or loss.
- Do warnings reach all of those at risk?
• House to house warning
- Are the risks and the warnings understood?
• Text messaging
- Is the warning information clear and useable?
• Radio, megaphone
- Communicate risk information and early warnings
• Community meeting
• Early warning signal
• Poster
Response capability

Classification of Early Warning System
1. Local or Indigenous – existing or present in the
community that is passed on from generation to
generation and usually generated as a result of beliefs
and culture.
- Are response plans up to date and tested?
- Are local capacities and knowledge made use of?
- Are people prepared and ready to react to warnings?
- Build national and community response capabilities

2. Scientific – based on research and studies and

developed by the early warning institutions such as
PHIVOLCS, PAGASA, MGB, DOH

An early warning must be given quickly and ahead of time so

that individuals and families could act accordingly

Early warning symbols/signals and corresponding actions

must be understood by all (what it means and its implications),
especially by the most vulnerable groups.

Elements of Early Warning System

Risk Knowledge

- Are the hazards and the vulnerabilities well known?

- What are the patterns and trends in these factors?
- Are risk maps and data widely available?

9|P a g e PrelimNotes
 Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness
Prevention
- The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards
and related disasters.
Mitigation
- The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of
hazards and related disasters.
Preparedness
- The knowledge and capacities developed by
governments, professional response and recovery
organizations, communities and individuals to
effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from,
the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard
events or conditions.
HAZARDS AND ALERT LEVELS
TYPHOON
Public Storm Warning Signal No. 1
- 30-60 kph may be expected in at least 36 hr
- (Open Sea)
Public Storm Warning Signal No. 2
- 61-120 kph may be expected in at least 24 hr
- Storm surge possible at coastal areas
Public Storm Warning Signal No. 3
- 121-170 kph may be expected in at least 18 hr
- Storm surge possible at coastal areas
Public Storm Warning Signal No. 4
- 171-220 kph may be expected in at least 12 hr
- Storm surge 2-3m possible at coastal areas.
Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal No. 5
- > 220 kph may be expected in at least 12 hr
- A Super Typhoon will affect the locality
10 | P a g e P r e l i m N o t e s
RAINFALL WARNING
ADVISORY
- Community AWARENESS
- FLOODING is POSSIBLE in low-lying areas and
near river channels
ALERT
- Community PREPAREDNESS
- FLOODING is THREATHENING in low-lying
areas and near river channels
EMERGENCY
- Community RESPONSE
- SEVERE FLOODING is EXPECTED
- Take necessary precautionary measures
CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
• TROPICAL DEPRESSION (TD) - a tropical cyclone
with maximum sustained winds of up to 61
kilometers per hour (kph) or less than 33 nautical
miles per hour (knots)
• TROPICAL STORM (TS) - a tropical cyclone with
maximum wind speed of 62 to 88 kph or 34 - 47
knots.
• SEVERE TROPICAL STORM (STS) , a tropical
cyclone with maximum wind speed of 89 to 117 kph
or 48 - 63 knots.
• TYPHOON (TY) - a tropical cyclone with maximum
wind speed of 118 to 220 kph or 64 - 120 knots.
• SUPER TYPHOON (STY) - a tropical cyclone with
maximum wind speed exceeding 220 kph or more
than 120 knots
 Intensity VII Destructive

Intensity VIII Very Destructive

Intensity IX Devastating

Intensity X Completely Devastating

VOLCANO ALERT LEVELS

Alert Level 0 TSUNAMI ALERT LEVELS

- Quiet.
Alert level 0
- No eruption in foreseeable future.
- No tsunami threat
Alert Level 1 Alert level 1
- Low level unrest. - Waiting for confirmation of tsunami
- No eruption imminent.
- Activity may be hydrothermal, magmatic or tectonic Alert level 2
in origin.
- Confirmed tsunami near epicentral area wave heights
non-threatening
Alert Level 2
Alert level 3
- Moderate unrest.
- Unrest probably of magmatic origin; could eventually - Life threatening tsunami generated near epicenter
lead to eruption.

Alert Level 3 OTHER HAZARDS

- Relatively high unrest. Storm Surge

- Magma is close to the crater.
a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water
- Eruption is possible within weeks.
commonly associated with low pressure weather systems
(such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones)
Alert Level 4
- Intense unrest.
- Hazardous eruption is possible within days. Landslide

also known as a landslip, is a form of mass wasting that

Alert Level 5 includes a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls,
deep failure of slopes, and shallow debris flows.
- Hazardous eruption ongoing.

EARTHQUAKES INTENSITY SCALE Flood

Intensity I Scarcely Perceptible An overflow of water that submerges land which is usually
dry.
Intensity II Slightly Felt

Intensity III Weak WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER

DISASTERS
Intensity IV Moderately Strong
Family preparedness tips for all Hazards
Intensity V Strong
 Securely anchor weak houses
Intensity VI Very Strong  Store drinking water in containers

11 | P a g e P r e l i m N o t e s
  Turn off main electricity switch and gas valve, and
lock house before evacuating (except for earthquake
where there is often no time to do such)
 Prepare and don’t forget to bring” Go Bag”
 Ensure that all family members know the meeting or
pick up point for them
 Know the hazard prone and risk areas in your
community, and be prepared to avoid or adapt to
hazardous situations
 Learn about early warnings in your community,
participate in emergency drills, know the nearest
evacuation centers
 Comply with regulations and ordinances such as land
use and solid waste management
 Ensure stability of appliances and furniture both
inside and outside your home.
 Follow hazard resistant construction design and
materials in building your house
 Participate in discussions about risk maps with your
local government and other community members
 Be responsible for the safety of your families by
heeding warnings and preparing your survival kits
 Get involved with the disaster risk management
programs of your Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Committee (BDRRMC)
 Know where fire extinguishers, first aid kits, alarms
and communication facilities are located. Learn how
to use them beforehand
 Prepare Go bag
 Conduct drill
IF LIVING IN SLOPING OR MOUNTAINOUS AREA:
 Check for history of landslide in the area
 Learn the signs of imminent landslide (cracks in the
soil and infrastructure, inclined trees, water springs
out of previously dry areas, etc.)
 Consult MGB if area is safe from landslide
 Be vigilant when incessant rains and earthquake
occur
IF LIVING IN TSUNAMI-PRONE AREA:
 Conduct community-level awareness about
earthquakes and tsunamis focused on natural signs of
an approaching tsunami, warning and evacuation
procedure
 Pre-determine high ground in your area and identify
routes to get there. Put up signage

PREPARATIONS FOR TYPHOON AND FLOODING

 Move household belongings to upper levels

 Get livestock to higher ground

PREPARATIONS FOR GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS

PREPARE YOUR HOME, SCHOOL, AND WORK

PLACE:

 Strap or bolt heavy furnitures / cabinets tothe walls

 Check the stability of hanging objects like ceiling
fans and chandeliers
 Breakable items, harmful chemicals and flammable
materials should be stored properly in the lowermost
secured shelves
 Familiarize yourself with the exit routes

12 | P a g e P r e l i m N o t e s