How the thing works-Movable Printing

Education is only for the rich. A statement we can now slightly deny due to free tuition but in the past, it
was taken as common sense. Before printing was invented, books were essentially a luxury. Not only it
because of tuition and cost of material but also due to books being written by hands. Though ancient
printing made it a little easier the cost of making printing blocks/boards is still high. That is why we need
a better and cheaper method. Movable Printing can be said to be an important invention that push the
dissemination of knowledge to a new level. Characters are carved into small clay blocks and can be
rearranged. Instead of carving page by page, the character block can be just pick off and arrange into
what you need. Each block will be assembled into sentence8s and glued to an iron plate. After that ink is
applied over the blocks and paper is pressed against the blocks. In case of mistake the carving didn’t
need to be re-carved. With cost and mistakes less expensive, it reduce the price of book into a more
affordable one.

How the thing works-USB

Machines from 30 years ago were not as easy to use and set-up as the one we have in our generation.
Computers have lots of different types of sockets, one or two serial ports, a parallel port, mouse and
keyboard ports, and, in some cases, a joystick port. If you make a mistake, the PC wouldn't know that
the wrong device had been plugged. In fact, you need to restart and manually install the right drivers.
Imagine having 5 sockets and you need to guess the right devices for it. One wrong move and you need
to start from scratch. Connecting peripherals devices used to be a torturing experience, thanks to the
limitations of our technology.

To tackle such frustrating experience, a demand was born for universality of sockets. Thus, USB or
Universal Serial Bus was invented. This technology connects computers with peripheral devices.
Allowing us to plug a lot of devices in just one socket such as keyboards, mouse, chargers, and etc. As
easy as that, this invention like its inspiration has no complicated use. Easy but extremely useful. That is
USB.

Society

Chinese society during the Song dynasty (960–1279) was marked by political and legal reforms, a
philosophical revival of Confucianism, and the development of cities beyond administrative purposes
into centers of industry and of maritime and river commerce.

The rural population were mostly farmers, with some hunters, fishermen, and workers in the imperial
mines and salt marshes. Conversely, shopkeepers, artisans, city guards, entertainers, laborers, and
wealthy merchants lived in the county and provincial centers along with the Chinese gentry—a small,
elite community of educated scholars and scholar-officials.

Women Rights
Women in Song society were expected to perform strict domestic and family tasks, but they also had
access to a number of social and legal privileges in an essentially patriarchal society. As the value of
dowries provided by brides' families increased, so did the status of women as owners of property.

Women of the Song period are typically seen as well educated and interested in expressing themselves
through poetry,[160] yet more reserved, respectful, "slender, petite and dainty," according to Gernet.
[159][161] Evidence of foot binding as a new trend in the Southern Song period certainly reinforces this
notion.[162] This trend had roots in Neo-Confucian beliefs according to Blake.[163] "However, the
greater number of documents due to more widespread printing reveal a much more complex and rich
reality about family life and Song women.[160] Through written stories, legal cases, and other
documents, many different sources show that Song women held considerable clout in family decision-
making, and some were quite economically savvy.[164][165] Men dominated the public sphere, while
affluent wives spent most of their time indoors enjoying leisure activities and managing the household.
[165] However, women of the lower and middle classes were not solely bound to the domestic sphere.
[160][165] It was common for women to manage town inns, some to manage restaurants, farmers'
daughters to weave mats and sell them on their own behalf, midwives to deliver babies, Buddhist nuns
to study religious texts and sutras, female nurses to assist physicians, and women to keep a close eye on
their own financial affairs.[165][166] In the case of the latter, legal case documents describe childless
widows who accused their nephews of stealing their property.[166] There are also numerous mentions
of women drawing upon their dowries to help their husband's sisters marry into other prominent
families.[1

Religion

Daoism and Buddhism were the dominant religions of China in the Song era. Despite dominance, older
beliefs in ancient Chinese mythology, folk religion, and ancestor worship still played a large part in their
daily life, with widespread belief in deities and ghosts of the spiritual realm acting among the living.

Leisure

A wide variety of social clubs for affluent Chinese became popular during the Song period. A text dated
1235 mentions that in Hangzhou City alone there was the West Lake Poetry Club, the Buddhist Tea
Society, the Physical Fitness Club, the Anglers' Club, the Occult Club, the Young Girls' Chorus, the Exotic
Foods Club, the Plants and Fruits Club, the Antique Collectors' Club, the Horse-Lovers' Club, and the
Refined Music Society.[5] No formal event or festival was complete without banquets, which
necessitated catering companies.[5]

The entertainment quarters of Kaifeng, Hangzhou, and other cities featured amusements including
snake charmers, sword swallowers, fortunetellers, acrobats, puppeteers, actors, storytellers, tea houses
and restaurants, and brokers offering young women who could serve as hired maids, concubines, singing
girls, or prostitutes.[5][24][25] These entertainment quarters, covered bazaars known as pleasure
grounds, were places where strict social morals and formalities could be largely ignored.[26] The
pleasure grounds were located within the city, outside the ramparts near the gates, and in the suburbs;
each was regulated by a state-appointed official.[27] Games and entertainments were an all-day affair,
while the taverns and singing girl houses were open until two o'clock in the morning.

Life of common people

In many ways, life for peasants in the countryside during the Song dynasty was similar to those living in
previous dynasties. The people spent their days ploughing and planting in the fields, tending to their
families, selling crops and goods at local markets, visiting local temples, and arranging ceremonies such
as marriages.[35] Cases of banditry, which local officials were forced to combat, occurred constantly in
the countryside.[35]

There were varying types of land ownership and tenure depending on the topography and climate of
one's locality. In hilly, peripheral areas far from trade routes, most peasant farmers owned and
cultivated their own fields.[35] In frontier regions such as Hunan and Sichuan, owners of wealthy estates
gathered serfs to till their lands.[35] The most advanced areas had few estates with serfs tilling the
fields; these regions had long fostered wet-rice cultivation, which did not require centralized
management of farming.[35] Landlords set fixed rents for tenant farmers in these regions, while
independent small farming families also owned their own lots.[35]

The Song government provided tax incentives to farmers who tilled lands along the edges of lakes,
marshes, seas, and terraced mountain slopes.[36] Farming was made possible in these difficult terrains
due to improvements in damming techniques and using chain pumps to elevate water to higher
irrigation planes.[37] The 10th century introduction of early-ripening rice that could grow in varied
climatic zones and topographic conditions allowed for a significantly large migration from the most
productive lands that had been farmed for centuries into previously uninhabited areas in the
surrounding hinterland of the Yangzi Valley and Southeast China, which experienced rapid development.
[38] The widespread cultivation of rice in China necessitated new trends of labor and agricultural
techniques. An effective yield from rice paddies required careful transplanting of rows of rice seedlings,
sufficient weeding, maintenance of water levels, and draining of fields for harvest.[39] Planting and
weeding often required a dirty day of work, since the farmers had to wade through the muddy water of
the rice paddies on bare feet.[39] For other crops, water buffalos were used as draft animals for
ploughing and harrowing the fields, while properly aged and mixed compost and manure was constantly
spread.[39]

Life of wealthy
The wealthy families living on the estates of these scholar-officials – as well as rich merchants, princes,
and nobles—often maintained a massive entourage of employed servants, technical staffs, and personal
favorites.[55] They hired personal artisans such as jewellers, sculptors, and embroiderers, while servants
cleaned house, shopped for goods, attended to kitchen duties, and prepared furnishings for banquets,
weddings, and funerals.[55] Rich families also hosted literary men such as secretaries, copyists, and
hired tutors to educate their sons.[56] They were also the patrons of musicians, painters, poets, chess
players, and storytellers

1996 usb

Military

During the Song dynasty, for those without formal education, the quickest way to power and the upper
echelons of society was to join the military.[211] If a man had a successful career in the military and
could boast of victorious battles, he had a sure path to success in politics. scholar-officials and the gentry
nonetheless viewed military pursuits as uncultivated. Song military command were heavily corrupt. At
the beginning of the 12th century, Song generals collected funds based on the number of troops they
recorded; instead of using the funds to benefit troops, they used this money to bolster their own
salaries.[216] Troops of the standing army, meanwhile, were given very small salaries while assigned
tasks of menial labor.[73] The scholar-officials running the government often paid little attention to the
plight of soldiers and even to the demands of officers, since they were seen as being on a lower tier in
society.[72] Fairbank writes that the "civilian domination of the military was part of the ruling elite's
control of the state, but it left the state military weak."[212]

USB 1996

https://youtu.be/06u0csd5E9c

the heart of the Indian subcontinent

seven out of ten people here live in one

of India's 500,000 villages and foremost

life is a struggle from early morning to

late evening a struggle to feed and

clothe the family now yoga is among

first in the village to start a long

day's work she and her family are the

darlings untouchable

haiya Gamez Adobe when he washes other

people's laundry this is the

untouchables part of the village they

have their own temple where the goddess

Kali is supposed to protect the

downtrodden and bring luck to them later

in life if you accept life as it is you

may be rewarded by reincarnation into a

better one

now Yoga I'm continued her daily round

picking up laundry her life revolves

around water as well as the center of

the village and it's for the

untouchables villagers belonging to

higher castes have their own well rice

is their most important food for the

untouchables there only we can't get all

three meals a day we have to do without

one these are the conditions Naya gum

the laundry woman gets rice for her work

which he uses to feed her family she

doesn't get money

if they get to work the people of a

higher caste they work as slaves for the

lowest wage that's why they have no food

when they work other people's fields

they get low salaries so they can't give

their children an education and they

can't afford clothes these are the

conditions when you don't own land this

area is not short of food some places

you harvest three times a year mostly

rice and they also grow other crops the

women plant the rice they produce 65% of

all agricultural crops and in India

there's equal pay for equal work at

least in theory a full day's work in the

fields pays about 50 cents and this is

where they come to shop the ration shop

here they get 20 kilos of rice per month

three kilos of sugar three litres of

kerosene the government subsidizes

prices to keep them at about two-thirds

of the market price and the ration book

is a precondition to shop here at the

lower prices but some of the villagers

have pawned their books in order for

loans either at the pawn shop or with

the landowner

the minimum wage for one day's full word

is 25 rupees about 50 cents and to add

to the situation very often there only

be jobs for half the family and with so

many receiving their pay is food they're

locked in a tighter cycle of

hand-to-mouth subsistence and many only

get paid once the harvest is over which

forces them to borrow an exorbitant

rates meanwhile I don't get paid enough

but I can't get away from here did you

without any land yourself I work here at

peace trade for six months was I have to

celebrate money to sustain your family

no I have to borrow money all the time

that's how it'll be for the rest of my

life the peasants wife is a day laborer

she does get money for her work but only

enough to go to bed on a full stomach it

makes all the difference to a quality of

life outside the village

former Dobies laundry workers have

managed to change their caste designated

roles they're producing bricks which

sell well and generate a real income and

they make about a dollar fifty a day

previously I worked only to get food

self-respect was never on my mind now

making a daily income I make enough I

experience self-respect and I go to

sleep on a full stomach

they agam and her husband still haven't

made up their minds whether they'll join

the association of laundry workers which

has been organized with the assistance

of the local aid organization through

their association the Dobies tried to

force their clients to pay in money

instead of rice in some cases this has

led to attacks on the Derby's so now

you're gone and a husband continued

their work as their predecessors did in

this village about one-third or

untouchable and therefore landless some

of the untouchables did own land given

to them by the British before they left

but this land has been taken over by

others or as laid out as wasteland this

land which you you're standing note is a

family with the Dalit people then slowly

the upper caste people that is high

caste people they somehow lend some

money to the Dalit and slowly they since

these people couldn't repay them this

was a cultural land but they started

asking these people not to cultivate it

and slowly they took up by force as well

as by means of threatening once these

people are starting cultivating here

then they won't be working in there that

upper caste people's land for a very low

salary I'm gonna say around some 20

rupees per day or something like that

not economically strong enough to get

the land back in order to make an

efficient performance we need both

education and money and we don't have

either we go and hunger strike one day

and block the traffic the next but the

bureaucrats are being bribed by the high

caste people that's why our demands are

ignored we scream and shout until we

have no voice left nothing

in order to get their old land back

young untouchables have organized what

they call the youth army would like to

solve the problems in a peaceful way but

if the high caste people disagree with

us we must use other means the village

as much as half the land actually lies

fallow and what land is planted often

has only cash crops such as Jasmine's

for perfume these crops don't reduce the

food prices

neither does sugar cane they simply

generate cash profits for the landowners

a local organization trying to organize

the laundry workers offers them loans

the small gift bonds the organization

calls itself the social action movement

Sam it's also fighting for the

untouchables land and provides preschool

education for children of illiterate if

we educate the children they will

achieve a better life economically and

socially in this way in the green room

on Victoria typically the children sing

a song about poverty

they speak about growing rice but never

having any for their own bowl the man

behind the untouchables movement is a

priest his work is supported by the

church but he's not popular with the

local authorities we are creating lon

order problems for the government so

they think we are trouble shooters that

is the labels we get but we are proud of

getting those labels because I think

they be honest with the poor people and

they are with us and it is these

majority people who wore in India and it

is these people who need food who need

land and who need to have resources

which are India which are available in

India now what is the reaction of your

own church the church in India is also

dominated by a Pakistan rich class

people the leaders for example the

bishops on the priests majority of them

are from the upper castes so when we try

to organize before people say no you are

not doing yoga

you're not doing your religious speech

alone you are doing political work it is

not your work they say but my conviction

is that this is the yell work and this

is the work of our leader Jesus Christ

well now you come and the untouchables

are struggling in the villages others

flee the countryside they join the

exodus to the cities hoping for food and

were former peasants struggle as

construction workers but in the cities

prices are even higher and without the

support of their families and village

infrastructure a bit of bad luck can

easily turn them into Vegas but the

small land owners are sort of made to

sell the lands to big corporations to

big land owners and in the process they

are they have been divested of their

land rights and what's happening is sort

of like at least land was a surety like

they could cultivate something now these

people are not going to cultivate food

crops they are going to cultivate

non-food crops and in a scenario like

what is going to emerge in the future

till today till about 2 or 3 years we

are foods no sufficient cuts food

self-sufficient in food but

in near future I suppose we would have a

food crisis because by long food

cultivation you can get money but you

can't get nutrients you can't get food

National income - ₹13,948,160 million

January – A corruption scandal erupts that alleged many senior politicians and civil servants to have
received bribes from prominent businessman Surendra Jain.

January – Tensions with Pakistan rise sharply and there is an exchange of mortar and machine-gun fire
across the Line of Control in Kashmir.

29 January – S. R. Bommai resigns as president of the Janata Dal party and is replaced by Laloo Prasad
Yadav.

27 April, 2 May and 7 May – In general elections the ruling Congress Party is defeated and Bharatiya
Janata Party becomes the largest single party in parliament. Phoolan Devi, former bandit queen is
elected to Parliament from the Samajwadi Party.

17 to 28 May – Atal Bihari Vajpayee, leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party, is elected the new Prime
Minister of India, replacing P. V. Narasimha Rao of the Indian National Congress. However, the party
does not receive an overall majority and Vajpayee resigns thirteen days later rather than face a no
confidence vote, and is replaced by the United Front, led by Deve Gowda.

1 June – Deve Gowda is sworn in as the head of the United Front, a coalition of 13 parties which
Congress supported but did not join. Gowda's new cabinet brings in powerful regional figures, mixing
low-caste and Muslim leaders with veterans of the socialist movement.

28 June – Communists join the government for the first time since independence.[citation needed]

11 July – A Delhi court summons Congress president P.V. Narasimha Rao to testify as the co-accused in a
cheating case.

28 August – At least 194 pilgrims are reported to have frozen to death in northern Kashmir after being
stranded by violent rain and snow storms in the Amarnath Yatra tragedy.

19 September – The government of Gujarat under Chief Minister Suresh Mehta is sacked on
recommendation of Prime Minister Gowda, and federal rule is imposed over the state. The move comes
a day after the BJP government in Gujarat won a controversial vote of confidence in the state legislature.
Mehta won the vote after the acting assembly speaker (a BJP member) suspended all opposition
legislators. Fighting broke out on the floor of the assembly after marshals tried to force the suspended
legislators to leave. Witnesses said lawmakers hurled pin cushions and microphones at each other.
Several lawmakers and journalists were reportedly injured in the scuffles.[citation needed]

22 September – Rao resigns as president of the Congress Party.

23 September – Sitaram Kesri is elected Congress president.

10 October – Rao is arrested on fresh charges of forgery.

11 October – An Uttar Pradesh state election returns a hung assembly; the local power struggle
sharpens conflicts between Congress and coalition parties at national level.

30 October – Michael Jackson arrived in Mumbai as a part of his History World Tour and he performed
for the first time ever in India in front of 66,000 fans on 1 November 1996 at Andheri Sports Complex.[1]

7 November – A devastating Category 4 Cyclone strikes Andhra Pradesh, India. The storm surge sweeps
fishing villages out to sea, over 2,000 people die. 95% of the crops are completely destroyed.

12 November – A Saudi Arabian Boeing 747 jumbo jet and a Kazakhstan Ilyushin cargo plane collide near
Charkhi Dadri, killing 349 people in the world's deadliest mid-air collision.

28 November – Chinese President Jiang Zemin begins his three-day visit, the first visit by a Chinese head
of state to India.

19 December – Rao resigns as Congress parliamentary leader, his last official party position.

30 December – In the Indian state of Assam, a passenger train is bombed by Bodo separatists, killing 26.

India is a hierarchical society. Whether in north India or south India, Hindu or Muslim, urban or village,
virtually all things, people, and social groups are ranked according to various essential qualities.
Although India is a political democracy, notions of complete equality are seldom evident in daily life.

Societal hierarchy is evident in caste groups, amongst individuals, and in family and kinship groups.
Castes are primarily associated with Hinduism, but caste-like groups also exist among Muslims, Indian,
Christians, and other religious communities. Within most villages or towns, everyone knows the relative
rankings of each locally represented caste, and behavior is constantly shaped by this knowledge.

Individuals are also ranked according to their wealth and power. For example, some powerful people, or
“big men,” sit confidently on chairs, while “little men” come before them to make requests, either
standing or squatting not presuming to sit beside a man of high status as an equal.

Hierarchy plays an important role within families and kinship groupings also, where men outrank
women of similar age, and senior relatives outrank junior relatives. Formal respect is accorded family
members—for example, in northern India, a daughter-in-law shows deference to her husband, to all
senior in-laws, and to all daughters of the household. Siblings, too, recognize age differences, with
younger siblings addressing older siblings by respectful terms rather than by name.