4/10/2023 ch-bte 2 \Vars Ug Outline ug Introduction «Unlike vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) systems, the required input to absorption systems is in the form of heat =VARs are called heat operated or thermal energy driven systems. "Widely used in various refrigeration and air conditioning applications. =They are preferred when low-grade energy such as waste heat or solar energy is available. *Since conventional absorption systems use natural refrigerants such as water or ammonia they are environment friendly.4/10/2023 0 Introduction * VAR differ from VCR only in the method of compressing the refrigerant = Compressor is replaced by three main elements ® an absorber. "a solution pump, and "a generator. le U Introduction The most widely used system is the Ammonia—water system ™ ammonia (NH;) serves as the refrigerant and = water (H,Q) as the transport medium. 2. Water-lithium bromide and * water serves as the refrigerant. 3. Water-lithium chloride systems, " water serves as the refrigerant4/10/2023 Three steps, absorption, solution pumping, and vapor release, take place in an VARS. g Working Principle =1T refrigerant (NH3) enters the evaporator and absorbs heat from the evaporator and leaves the evaporator as saturated vapor / Slightly superheated = Slightly superheated, LP NH; vapor is absorbed by the weak solution of NH; which ts sprayed in the absorber "Pure NH; enter the absorber becomes strong solution (aqua- ammonia) after absorbing NH,_vapor = Then, it is pumped to the generator4/10/2023 U Working Principle “4 "The pump increases the pressure of the strong solution to generator pressure. * Ammonia vapor is produced in the generator at high pressure from the strong solution of NH, by an extemal heating source * The solution in the generator becomes weak as NH, vapor comes out of it. “The walter vapor carried with ammonia is removed in the rectifier and only the dehydrated ammonia gas enters into the condenser. = The cooled NH; solution is passed through a throttle valve and the pressure and temperature. Wp his = hy tingh © tniptyy > hiy = ho Evaporator Energy Balance: who + Oe = subir For tho entire system, the overall energy balance of the complete system can be wnitlen as follows, by considering that there is eaiigible heat loss to the environment: W+ Or + Open = On + On The COP of the system 2 then becomes: CoP = 2 Wet Qua4/10/2023 Tutorials " Question: Consider 4@ basic VARS using ammonia—water solution as shown in Figure 4.22. Pure ammonia enters the condenser at 2.5 MPa and 60 °C at a rate of 0.022 kg/s. Ammonia leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid and is throttled to a pressure of 0.15 MPa. Ammonia leaves the evaporator as a saturated vapor. Heat is supplied to the generator by geothermal liquid water that enters at 135 °C at a rate of 0.35 kes and leaves at 120 °C. Determine (a) the rate of cooling provided by the system and (b) the COP of the system. (c) Also, determine the second-law. efficiency of the system if tie ambient temperature is 25 °C and the temperature of the refrigerated space is 2 =C. The enthalpies of ammonia at various states of the system are given as h3 = 1497.4 ki/kg, hd = 482.5 kJ/kg, h6 = 1430.0 kiikg: Also, take the specific heat of water to be 4.2 kdikg oC. = Solution:4/10/2023 U Lithium Bromide Absorption Refrigeration System '= Uses a solution of lithium bromide in water = Water is being used as a refrigerant whereas Lithium Bromide, which Is @ highly hydroscopie sait, as an absorbent +» The Lithium Bromide solution has a strong affinity for water vapor because ofits very jow vapor pressure. = The system is very popular for air-conditioning in which low refrigeration temperatures (not befow 0° C) are required.-ap10/2023 Working Principle of Water VARs Water = Refrigerant Lithium Bromide = ‘Absorbent