Toolbox Meeting Topics 1683702836

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HOW LOUD IS LOUD?
Most of us take our sense of hearing for granted-we assume that we hear what everyone else
hears. Loss of hearing may not be realized until a friend or spouse screams in frustration, "Why
don't you ever listen to me!!" This is because hearing loss is usually gradual. Normally, it doesn't
hurt, so we don't know it's happening. It doesn't annoy us like losing our eyesight. In fact, it is
sometimes a blessing to tune out all the clatter and noise of the city and workplace.
Yet our ability to hear when we want to is precious and must be protected. Employers often
reduce the amount of noise in the workplace by enclosing or muffling loud machinery, but they
usually can't eliminate it entirely. Employers may also rotate workers out of an area so they
needn't experience a full work day of excessive noise exposure. Whatever the length of time you
work in an area with high noise levels, you are probably required to wear a type of hearing
protection. Some people consider this a nuisance. The more you know about those ears of yours,
however, the more likely you will take responsibility for protecting them.
Do you realize that noise exposure off the job can also damage your hearing? The critical sound
level when hearing protection should be worn is 85 decibels (dBA), established for an 8-hour
time weighted average. The louder and longer your exposure, whether at work, at home, or
during recreation, the more likely your hearing will be damaged. If you want to have a sense of
"how loud is loud," the following examples, along with their decibel rating, will give you an
idea:
20 a faint whisper
30-40 quiet pleasant sounds, a bird chirping
40-50 quiet to normal office sounds
50-60 normal conversation
heavy machinery, electric motors, garbage disposal, city
70-90
traffic
jack hammer, power saw, motorcycle, lawn mower, rock
100-120
music
140+ nearly jet engine, gun shot (this level causes pain)
Wear your hearing protection!
Many disposable or reusable plugs are available and most of these reduce noise by about 20-30
decibels. The noise reduction rating (NRR) is usually marked on the package, or on the box if
they come in bulk. However, since the NRR is established in a laboratory with perfectly fitted
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DON'T GAMBLE WITH PERSONAL FALL ARREST EQUIPMENT
Unsafe fall arrest equipment contributed to the fatal 150 foot fall of an Oregon construction
worker recently. Burn holes in the worker's fall arrest straps and a faulty self-retracting lanyard
were blamed for the failure. These could have been discovered if adequate equipment inspections
had been conducted.
Would you gamble with your life? A lot of people do just that when they fail to inspect their
personal fall arrest equipment daily. They gamble that the equipment will save their life if they
fall. Wearing fall arrest equipment without inspecting it, provides a false sense of security.
This equipment is subject to tremendous loads during a fall, so unless each component is
thoroughly inspected and properly used, it may not save your life. Always follow manufacturers'
recommendations when inspecting your equipment. Here are several things to look for.
Belts & Body Harnesses:
• Thoroughly inspect all nylon webbing on belt/body harnesses for frayed edges, broken
fibers, burn marks, deterioration or other visible signs of damage. Do the same if the belt
or body harness is constructed of other materials. Stitching should be intact and not torn
or loose. The belt or harness should be somewhat "soft" and flexible and not stiff from
dirt or contaminants.
• Check to see that buckles and "D" rings are not distorted or damaged. Look closely at all
components for stress cracks, deformity, gouging, corrosion and sharp edges. Inspect
connection points where the buckle or "D" ring is attached to the belt or body harness.
Insure that no stitching is pulled and that the buckle or "D" ring is securely attached.
• Inspect all rivets and grommets to be certain they are not deformed, and are securely
fastened to the belt or body harness and cannot be pulled loose.
• If you find any of these conditions during the inspection, do not use the equipment.
Lanyards:
• Completely check the entire length of the lanyard. looking for cuts, fraying, deterioration,
knots, kinks, burns or visible signs of damage. Stitching should be intact and not torn or
loose. Spliced ends must also be carefully examined for damage or deterioration. Check
to see that the lanyard is somewhat "soft" and not stiff from dirt or contaminants.
• If using a "shock absorber" type of lanyard, look for the "warning tag" which indicates
that the lanyard has been exposed to a fall.
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EATING RIGHT OFFSHORE-FOR SAFETY & HEALTH
As we are all aware, working offshore can be hazardous, even though many steps have been
taken to provide the safest possible working environment. Following safety policies &
procedures and using proper personal protective equipment are very important in preventing
accidents. But what about eating correctly while working on an offshore platform or drilling rig?
Our bodies store glucose in the liver and muscles as glycogen which is vital to our daily physical
activities. During work periods the liver releases its glucose into the bloodstream, which muscle
tissue picks up and uses in addition to its own stored glycogen. The glycogen which the body
stores determines how much physical activity a person will be able to do before reaching total
exhaustion. Once the point of exhaustion is reached, accidents are more likely to occur. How do
we increase stored glycogen and avoid exhaustion? By eating a balanced diet high in complex
carbohydrates.
What are carbohydrates? Carbohydrates are the prime source of energy during exhaustive work.
Carbohydrates require less oxygen than fat to provide the same amount of energy, and are
therefore more efficient, energy-producing foods. A study on food and energy was carried out
with three groups of people who were given different types of diet. Group one consumed high fat
& protein; Group two was given a normal diet; and Group three was placed on a high-
carbohydrate diet. Each group then rode stationary bicycles to exhaustion. The resulting times it
took them to reach exhaustion were as follows:
Group 1 (high fat & protein) - 57 minutes
Group 2 (normal diet) - 114 minutes
Group 3 (high carbohydrate diet) - 167 minutes.
As you can see, the high carbohydrate diet of group three increased energy levels and endurance.
So how do we achieve this goal? Offshore catering companies offer many choices or alternatives
to high fat foods at most locations. All it takes is for you to choose the right foods.
• Use Low-fat or Fat Free dairy products
• Choose high fiber cereal and whole grain bread
• Use "light" or fat free dressings
• Request skinless chicken, lean meats and ham instead of bacon or sausage
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EVERYONE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SAFETY

Safety is everyone's responsibility! As am employee, you should:
a. Learn to work safely and take all rules seriously.
b. Recognize hazards and avoid them.
c. Report all accidents, injuries and illness to your supervisor immediately.
d. Inspect tools before use to avoid injury.
e. Wear all assigned personal protective equipment.
On the other hand, it is management's responsibility to:
a. Provide a safe and healthy workplace.
b. Provide personal protective equipment.
c. Train employees in safe procedures and in how to identify hazards.
Everyone must be aware of potential hazards on the job:
a. Poor housekeeping results in slips, trips and falls.
b. Electricity can cause shocks, burns or fire if not handled properly.
c. Poor material handling may cause back problems or other injuries.
d. Tools and equipment can cause injuries if guards or protective devices are disengaged.
Always use the protections that are provided on the job:
a. Guards on machines and tools keep body parts from contacting moving equipment.
b. Insulation on electrical equipment prevents burns, shock and fire.
c. Lockout/tagout assure equipment is de-energized before it is repaired.
d. Personal protective equipment shields your body from hazards you may face on the job.
In case of emergency:
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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS - ANATOMY OF AN ACCIDENT
A crew of four linemen were installing intermediate poles on an existing single phase 14.4 KV
distribution line. Three of the workers were journeymen with 30 or more years of experience.
The fourth was an apprentice with almost 3 years experience. The following summary describes
a tragic accident:
· One of the journeymen and the apprentice were belted off below the neutral bracket on a newly
installed pole, using hot sticks to tie off the energized conductor. Another journeymen on the
ground was using a hold-down to keep the conductor in place while the wraplock tie was
installed.
· After asking the apprentice to move to the other side of the pole, the journeyman on the pole
began to make the first wrap on the conductor. But he began this before the apprentice was fully
in place and had secured the wrap with a hot stick.
· The unsecured conductor rolled out of the insulator, fell, and contacted the journeyman's left
wrist. Trying to catch his balance, his right arm contacted either the neutral bracket or the pole.
· As a result of the current flowing through his body, the journeyman lost his left arm and
suffered severe burns over his back and right arm. He will never work as an electrician again.
Findings of the IBEW investigating committee:
1. The primary emphasis was on production not on safety.
2. There had been no communication with the utility or employer.
3. The neutral conductor was in the primary zone instead of being tagged down and out.
4. No clearance from the Utility to work on energized primary, the day of the accident.
5. Workers did not place the oil circuit reclosure into the non-reclose position.
6. The wire was not held in place with hot sticks while making hot tie.
7. The foreman did not wait for the apprentice to get back on wire after changing his
position on the pole.

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HOUSEKEEPING IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF YOUR JOB

Your employer is not your mother! What do I mean by that, you ask? I mean, just like when you were young, your
mother had to remind you to pick up after yourself. Now that you are on your own, you still need to be told
sometimes. Housekeeping is a very important part of your job. Not only does it improve the overall appearance of
your shop or work area, it shows that you take pride in where you work. The best way that you can help keep your
work place clean is to pick up after yourself! Don't leave it for the next shift or another craft to worry about.
Here are some reasons to keep your work area clean:
1. You reduce trip and fall hazards.

2. Increased production. You won't have to waste time looking for a misplaced tool. You will always know
where your tools are when you put them where they belong after you use them.
3. If someone falls because of materials you left on the floor, you will feel guilty because you were a causal
factor in the accident. Also, the injured worker may want to remind you of that!
4. You reduce a potential fire hazard by removing unneeded combustibles from the work area.
Here are some tips to maintain a clean work area:
• Plan the job. Make a list of the needed tools/materials. This will help to minimize unnecessary clutter
around your work area.
• Develop a routine for cleaning up at the end of the shift or periodically during the shift.
• Do not allow employees to eat, drink or smoke in the work area, not only because of litter problems, but
also because of hygiene concerns.
• This is not, by all means, all inclusive. The point I am trying to make is to take responsibility for yourself
and your work area! Remember, a clean work area is a productive work area and also enhances safety!
Safety
Recommendations:______________________________________________________________________________
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Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
M.S.D.S
Reviewed:_____________________________________________________________________________________
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Attended By:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
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BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS (BBP)
-- SAFETY AT ALL LEVELS --
Individuals who are infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) or Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) may not
show symptoms and may not know they are infectious. For this reason, all human blood and body fluids should be
considered as if infectious, and all precautions should be taken to avoid contact. This simple rule is known as
"universal precautions."
In the workplace, bloodborne pathogens (BBP) may be transmitted when blood or other infectious body fluids come
in contact with mucous membranes (your eyes, nose, mouth); non-intact skin (due to cuts, abrasions, burns, rashes,
paper cuts); or by handling or touching contaminated materials or surfaces. Bloodborne pathogens are also
transmitted by "injection" under the skin via an contaminated sharp object puncturing or cutting the skin causing a
wound.
Hepatitis B Virus versus Human Immunodeficiency Virus:
• Hepatitis B Virus is more persistent than HIV and is able to survive for at least one week in dried blood on
environmental surfaces. However, HIV will not survive for more than a few minutes when exposed to room
temperature air, and will usually die within seconds.
• A teaspoon of infected blood may contain over one billion HBV particles, while a teaspoon of infected HIV
blood contains about 15 HIV particles.
• Hepatitis B Virus usually has mild symptoms which makes diagnosis difficult. HIV infections usually are
not diagnosed for years and symptoms may not appear for many months or years.
• Hepatitis B can be prevented with a vaccine. At the present time there is no preventive vaccine for HIV.
• No cure is presently available for HBV or HIV.
If you administer first aid to an injured person in the workplace and there is a potential for contacting any body
fluids, you should adhere to the following "universal precaution" guidelines:
• Wear impervious gloves when there is a chance of exposure to blood or body fluids.
• Wear a face shield to protect your entire face, and safety goggles to provide the most complete eye
protection.
• Use resuscitation devices when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
• Report all BBP exposures, or potential exposures to your supervisor immediately.
• Immediately wash your hands and affected areas with soap and warm water.
• Flush your eyes, nose or other mucous membrane areas with water, if exposed.
• Wash down areas which body fluids may have been contacted with the use of a mild solution of household
water and bleach (10:1).
Safety
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Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
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COME-A-LONGS, "COFFIN" HOISTS & CHAIN HOIST SAFETY
Hand operated hoists have many applications in rigging work. Typical applications include
hoisting pipe or plate into position for welding or bolting, moving machinery, fence stretching
and lifting engines or equipment during repairs. These devices are simple to operate but misuse
can result in sudden failure, property damage, and serious injury. Some things to keep in mind
are:
* Inspect the hoist to be sure it is in good condition. Do not use any hoist that appears to have
been overloaded. Some things to look for include a bent handle, stretched chain links, broken
ratchet teeth, stiff operation or bent hooks. Anything that is cracked, bent, distorted, deformed or
broken probably indicates overloading. Don't use it.
* You must know the weight of the load you plan to lift. Never attach a load greater than the
capacity of the hoist. Never use two hoists to lift a load that is heavier than the rated capacity of
either. A shifting load may place the entire load on one hoist, causing failure. Also keep in mind
that capacity ratings are based on a new hoist. Age, dirt, wear, and improper maintenance will
reduce the lifting capacity.
* Never put a "cheater bar" on the operating lever or use more than one person to pull the lever.
It is a sure sign that the hoist is overloaded if the load can't be moved by one person using a
normal pull.
* Make sure that the structure your hoist is hanging from is strong enough to support the load
you are lifting as well as any possible shock load.
* Use these devices only in locations that will not expose you to a hazard if you lose your grip or
slip; the site of use must also permit you to stand clear of the load at all times.
* Never operate a hoist in a manner that causes the load chain to bend or slide around objects,
such as corners or sharp edges. Do not use load chains or cables as a substitute for a sling.
* Apply the load evenly. Do not jerk, bounce, or allow the load to swing. Any violent motion or
shock loads could easily exceed the capacity of your hoist.
* Always be sure the load is centered on the hoist before lifting, to avoid a swinging load.
* Never leave a suspended load unattended, and never work or walk under a suspended load or
allow anyone else to do so.
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HYDRAULIC HOSES AND THE DANGER OF LEAKS

You may find it hard to believe, but hydraulic hose assemblies are not designed to leak--though they do. And when
they do, something is wrong. Leaks from high-pressure hydraulic lines are not just messy, they are dangerous. Leaks
create slip and fall hazards, fire danger, and they contaminate the environment. Leaks can cause skin burns and,
under high pressure, can penetrate the skin. The most common causes of leaking hoses are abrasions and improper
assembly. If you work with hydraulic hoses, you should become skilled at anticipating problems, preventing them
and fixing them.
Preventing Problems: Prevent abrasion by using hoses of the correct length and diameter. Run the hose in the
manner specified by the machine manufacturer, making sure it is supported and restrained by all provided hangers
and/or brackets. If chaffing guards were originally installed but missing, they must be replaced. Do not ignore a
damaged outer jacket. This allows moisture to attack the exposed hose reinforcement, leading to rust. Corrosion
could lead to hose failure.
The Wrong Way To Find and Fix Leaks: What do you do when you find a leaking fitting? Find a wrench and give
the fitting another turn? That extra turn could cause a greater leak or cause the fitting to fail entirely. Do not use your
hand to find the leak. Use a piece of cardboard or wood instead. Hydraulic fluid is hot and can burn the skin. A
pinhole leak, under pressure, could actually inject fluid under your skin, causing poisoning, infection, and threaten
life and limb. It can and has happened.
Test For Tightness: But before doing this, shut the machine off and bleed hydraulic pressure from the line. If the
fitting threads were to strip or a connection were to fail under pressure, injury or fire could result from the sudden
release of hot oil. The usual cause of a leak at a fitting is improper assembly or damage. Make sure that:
(1) Both ends are clean inside and out, and that no physical damage has occurred;
(2) New seals are used and they have been cleaned and lubricated before installation;
(3) Fittings are not over-tightened--which can distort seals and ferrules, causing metal fatigue or cracking flared
ends;
(4) Fittings are compatible. There are many different thread ends, and some may almost go together properly, but
not quite.
Proper Assembly Of Hose Ends Is Important. Hoses that come apart under pressure can whip back with great force
and release a lot of hot oil. If the failure occurs at a fitting, the usual reason is improper crimping, an incorrectly cut
hose, or a stem that was not inserted into the hose all the way. If you assemble your own hoses, check your crimping
dies for wear. On some types of crimping machines, if the dies become worn, the crimp is looser than it should be.
Screw type hose clamps are not to be used on pressurized hydraulic hoses.
People who work with any type of fluid piping system know it takes clean, careful workmanship to prevent
dangerous leaks. If you see a leak, report it. If your job requires you to fix leaks, do it properly and safely.
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INDIVIDUAL QUALITY MAKES THE DIFFERENCE
In this age of rapid change and need for efficiency, we also see an increased emphasis on quality
assurance standards such as ISO (International Standardization Organization) certifications.
However, the biggest factor we must consider in this age of more with less, is how we, as
individuals, impact the quality process. Our honor and integrity as human beings needs to be
confirmed in our work and everything we do. So, you may ask, how does this apply to safety?
Our personal behavior can determine someone else's fate as well as our own. Failure to do things
correctly can jeopardize the health and safety of those around us, as well as our own well being.
We must beware of letting mediocrity infiltrate our methods. If our methods do not indicate our
best effort, they are not good enough. What we do, how we work, and the standards we set for
ourselves, make the difference between success and failure. If we accept mediocrity, we accept
failure as a way of life.
Consider the example of an employee at a ship building facility who, at the end of a busy day,
left a hammer in the hull of the ship. Fourteen years later, the boat sprung a leak in the middle of
the ocean because the hammer wore a hole in the ship's hull over time. The boat sank and lives
were lost.
What about the oil that was spilled on the shop floor and wasn't cleaned up right away? A fellow
employee, a close friend of yours, comes by moments or hours later, doesn't see the spill, slips
and falls. Now he has severe back problems that affect his future, his family, and their quality of
life for generations to come. By the way, the expense of that injury also put this small business
out of operation, affecting the lives of all the workers and the business owner.
Each time we don't do our best, we accept mediocrity as a way of life. To help set standards of
excellence in everything we do we must pay attention to detail. If we don't know the right way to
do something, we must ask someone who does. If asked for help, we should take the time to
demonstrate how to correctly and thoroughly complete a task. We must make an individual
contribution, on a daily basis, to the quality process.
When we set higher individual standards for ourselves and give our best to everything we do, it
can make a difference. This helps to protect the finest quality of life this world has to offer.
Safety
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Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
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LOOK OUT FOR YOUR CO-WORKERS

Take a look around at your co-workers. Some are your friends during work hours, and even after
work. You know about their families, what they like and don't like, and what they do for fun. So,
be on the lookout for unsafe conditions and correct them, or report them to your supervisors as
soon as possible. Help your fellow workers get through the shift without an accident:
• I'll help you lift those heavy items, so you don't have to do it by yourself. I know a back
injury can mess up your home life, as well as your ability to work.
• I'll be sure to inspect those slings before you lift a load. I know that you are depending
upon them to hold the weight of the load until it is set down.
• I'll inspect that ladder and make sure it is in good condition before I set it up for you to
use. I will set it at a good 4:1 angle so it won't slip while you're on it.
• I'll be certain that the guardrails, mid rails and toe boards are in place before you get up
on that scaffolding, because I know a fall could lead to your serious injury or death.
• I'll make sure that all passageways and walkways are clear so you won't slip, trip or fall.
• I'll label all containers in the workplace, so you don't use the wrong product for a job by
mistake.
• I'll check the backup alarms on our heavy equipment, because I can't always see you, and
I want to make sure you can hear me.
• When I'm welding, I will always set up the welding shields so the flash won't burn your
eyes.
• I'll tag and report all tools that aren't working properly so you won't be injured by
plugging in a tool that has a faulty wire.
• I'll know and practice the emergency evacuation procedures, so we can both get out of an
unsafe condition together.
Finally, I want to see you leave work exactly the way you arrived. So, if I see you doing
something the wrong way, I'll show you the right way to do it. Of course, I expect you will do
the same for me-after all, shouldn't everyone on the crew watch out for each other?
Safety
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Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
M.S.D.S
Reviewed:_____________________________________________________________________________________
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Attended By:
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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EXTENSION CORD SAFETY-TAKE NO CHANCES!
We use extension cords almost every day both at work and at home. These are very useful devices, but they can
present a fire or shock hazard when either worn out or used improperly.
Types of extension cords
Extension cords come in either two or three-wire types. Two-wire extension cords should only be used to operate
one or two small appliances. Three-wire cords are used for outdoor appliances and electric power tools. The third
wire on this cord is a ground and this type of cord should never be plugged into any ungrounded electrical outlet.
Only grounded extension cords are to be used with power tools unless the tool is double insulated.
Construction sites require extension cords which are specified by the National Electric Code for hard usage or extra
hard usage. Approved cords may be identified by the word "outdoor" or the letters "WA" on the jacket.
Care and inspection of extension cords
Extension cords must be treated with care and checked regularly for damage or deterioration. The cord itself should
never be pulled to disconnect it from an electrical source; remove it by the plug. They should not be placed under
rugs or furniture and should never be strung through doorways, windows, walls, ceilings, or floors. Damaged cords
present a potential fire or shock hazard and should be destroyed and replaced immediately.
An extension cord should never be used as a substitute for permanent wiring. They should not be fastened to a
building or structure, even though staples are sold for this purpose at many hardware stores. Avoid plugging two
cords together to make a longer one. It's best to use one cord in a continuous length from the receptacle to the
appliance or tool. Extension cords which are either connected together or are too long will reduce operating voltage
and operating efficiency of tools or appliances and may cause motor damage.
Extension cords are convenient devices which we often take for granted in our everyday activities, but which need
proper care and attention. Use good housekeeping practices at home and at work, to keep extension cords from
being a tripping hazards or becoming damaged. Inspect them regularly for wear and replace defective units.
Prevent potential electrical hazards that may lead to someone's injury!
Safety
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Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
M.S.D.S
Reviewed:_____________________________________________________________________________________
__
Attended By:
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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IS FIBERGLASS A HEALTH HAZARD?
Everyone has heard about the association between lung cancer and asbestos. Since some forms
of asbestos are similar in appearance to fiberglass fibers, many people wonder if handling fiber-
glass could also result in the development of cancer or other serious health hazards. Scientists
have made over 400 studies of fiberglass in an attempt to answer this question. The conclusion is
that it will not, because its properties are very different from asbestos. OSHA confirmed these
findings in 1991 when it decided to regulate fiberglass as a nuisance dust, and not as a cancer
causing agent. The state of California, neverth less, still requires that fiberglass be labeled as a
potential cancer causing agent.
The principal difference between glass fibers and asbestos fibers is their size and the way the
fibers break down. Glass fibers are cylindrical single fibers that can never split lengthwise; they
only break across the fiber. As they break, they form tiny fragments that no longer have the
properties of a fiber. Asbestos fibers, on the other hand, are always present as bundles, never as a
single fiber. Asbestos fibers fracture only lengthwise when the bundles break apart, releasing
thousands of long tiny fibers. When these are inhaled, they become trapped in the small sacs of
the lungs known as alveoli. Because asbestos fibers are long, sharp, and irritating to lung tissue,
the alveoli close up and trap them in the lungs. This eventually results in the lungs becoming
hard, fibrous and inelastic. Over time, the continued irritations cause cancer in some individuals.
Because fiberglass breaks across the fiber to form tiny fragments, the tissue response is very
different when these particles are inhaled. When fiberglass fragments are inhaled and deposited
in the small air sacs of the lung, the alveoli do not close up and trap the particles. The particles
are expelled from the alveoli and there is a rapid clearance of fiberglass dust particles from the
lungs.
However, fiberglass presents other problems-such as irritations of the eyes, skin, or respiratory
tract. The mechanical action of the fibers scraping against skin may cause a condition known as
dermatitis. To protect yourself, wear long sleeve shirts and pants to keep the fibers off your skin,
and wear clean clothes every day. Gloves and eye protection may also help. Use soap and warm
water to remove any fibers that you do get on your skin. Dust is produced when mat or cloth is
rolled out, where chopper guns are used, and in finishing operations where flashing is removed
or sanding occurs. So always wear a dust mask in these areas to help avoid inhaling glass fibers.
The primary hazard associated with fiberglass is the chemicals used during the fabrication or lay
up process. Styrene monomer, or raw resin, is catalyzed with an organic peroxide; the most
common is methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. Cobalt compounds, often used as accelerators, can
result in allergic dermatitis or asthma like conditions. Acetone is a central nervous system
depressant used for clean up of tools, utensils, and spray equipment. The important thing to
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ELECTRICAL SOURCES IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS
An explosion or fire can cause all sorts of havoc in any company's operations. Rebuilding, after a fire, can take a
company years. One of the major causes of explosions and fire in industry is from electrical sources. Potential losses
from these fires can be reduced by having proper electrical installations and equipment.
Hazardous locations require specially designed electrical equipment to protect people and property against increased
fire potential. Certain electrical components and instruments are engineered specifically for locations designated as
hazardous due to the possible presence of ignitable quantities of flammable liquids, gases, vapors, combustible
dusts, or ignitable fibers.
Hazardous locations are classified as Class I, Class II, or Class III. The class is dependent on the physical properties
of the combustible materials which may be expected to be present.
• Class I locations are those in which flammable vapors or gases may be present.
• Class II locations are those in which combustible dusts may be found.
• Class III locations are those in which there are ignitable fibers and filings.
Each of these three classes are divided into two hazard categories, Division 1 and Division 2. The divisions identify
the degree of potential for an ignitable atmosphere to exist. Class and Division explanations are detailed in Articles
500 - 503 of the National Electric Code (NEC), and in OSHA 29CFR 1910.39.
Before selecting electrical equipment and the associated wiring for any hazardous location, the exact nature and
concentrations of the flammable materials must be determined. An electrical fitting or device which is safe for
installation in an atmosphere of combustible dust may not be safe for operation in an atmosphere containing
flammable vapors or gases. These electrical fittings are specifically designed for each hazard.
Class I electrical wiring applications are commonly referred to as "Explosion Proof." Properly installed and
maintained class I equipment will not ignite the dangerous atmosphere surrounding it, and is approved for use in
specific hazardous areas. Explosion proof fittings are designed to contain any arcing, intense heat, and explosions.
These fixtures are distinctive in appearance. Class II locations may require "Dust-ignition proof" fixtures. These
fixtures are designed in such a manner that their construction prohibits ignitable amounts of dust from entering the
devices.
Hazardous areas that must have approved electrical installations include, but are not limited to: locations where
volatile flammable liquids are transferred from one container to another; interiors of spray booths; in the vicinity of
spray painting operations where volatile flammable solvents are used; locations where dangerous concentrations of
suspended dust are likely, such as in grain elevators; and gasoline fueling stations. Remember to think electrical
safety when proposing any electrical systems that will be located in a hazardous location.
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS - HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL BURNS

More than 1000 employees are killed and another 30,000 injured each year from electrical shock. Hands are
frequently involved in an electrical injury since they are the most common source of contact with the electrical
current. However, damage to other parts of the body may be more extensive and life threatening. Severe electric
shock can result in cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation, massive fluid loss into swollen tissues, and kidney
failure caused by an overload of muscle protein from damaged muscle and infections.
Electrical injuries are often more severe than they appear to be from the outside. Injury occurs not only at the contact
site, but also along the path the electricity takes, and at the exit location. Frequently, there is also extensive muscle
damage that will not be evident from a visual examination of the skin. These deep tissue injuries cause severe
swelling that require a deep incision extending from the hand to the shoulder to relieve the pressure. If this is not
done, the mounting pressure from the swelling will shut off the blood supply by compressing the arteries, rapidly
destroying any remaining healthy tissue. Extensive dead skin removal is often necessary to prevent massive
infection. Deep burns result in unsightly scars that will often continue to enlarge for 12-18 months after the burn
occurs. These scars are not only a cosmetic problem, but may seriously interfere with joint function because motion
increases the tension across the wound, which tends to produce even more scar tissue.
More than 90% of fatalities occur when contact is made with a "hot" wire, or energized equipment housing by a
person who was well-grounded Most of these injuries would probably have been prevented if a GFI -- ground fault
interrupter -- had been installed on the circuit. A GFI is not an overcurrent device, but is placed across the line to
continuously monitor the current flowing from the source and compare it to the current returning to the source. If the
difference is 6 milliamperes or more, it opens the circuit almost instantly. This is important because it has been
determined that 100 milliamperes flowing through the body for only 2 seconds can cause death by electrocution. 100
milliamperes is not much current when you consider that a portable electric drill draws 30 times that much.
Incidentally, the "let go" threshold that causes freezing to the circuit is about 20 milliamperes. Make sure that the
equipment you are working with has a GFI -- it could save your life.
To work on high voltage (over 600 volts), you must have a minimum of two years of training, experience with high
voltage circuits, have demonstrated that you are familiar with the work to be performed, and the hazards involved
with high voltage work according to OSHA.
Other safety requirements that must be followed include using insulated gloves for current over 300 volts, eye
protection, and lockout/tagout if working on energized parts of equipment or systems. Conductive measuring tapes,
ropes, or similar devices obviously cannot be used around exposed conductors, and conductive fish tapes cannot be
used if they will be entering enclosures with exposed conductors.
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
M.S.D.S
Reviewed:_____________________________________________________________________________________
__
Location __________________________ Region No #_________ Date_____________
AVOID COMMON OFFICE INJURIES
It is generally accepted that in heavy industry, you'll Injuries that result from slips, trips, and falls:
find dangerous work environments that expose
employees to potential injury. But fewer companies • Never run in the office.
recognize the potential risks found in everyday
office environments. • If liquids are spilled on tile or linoleum floors,
clean them up immediately.
Office work, too, can lead to injuries if appropriate
safe work practices are not followed. Learn to avoid • If a rolling chair pad is cracked or if any part of
these common hazards: the pad edge is curled upward, replace it and
eliminate the tripping hazard.
Musculoskeletal strains and sprains associated
with material handling: • Do not lay electrical cords or phone cords
where they could create a tripping hazard.
• If you must walk and carry an object, make Keep aisles clear of stored items.
sure the object is carried in a way that
avoids blocking your vision. Hand injuries from cuts, scrapes, smashes, and
punctures:
• Never lift objects that are too heavy to
handle comfortably. • Use a letter opener when opening envelopes
and boxes, and a staple puller when removing
• Get help, or use a hand truck when moving staples
heavy or large objects. • from documents.
• Lift objects from the floor correctly by • Wear a rubber finger "cot" when fingering
using proper lifting mechanics--hold the through a significant amount of envelopes or
load close to your body. pieces of paper.
• Use a stool or step ladder when placing or • Store sharp objects neatly in desk drawers or
removing items from high shelves. inside closed containers.
Stress and strain associated with sitting and • Always close desk and file cabinet drawers
VDT use: with your hand firmly gripped on the drawer
handle--and leave repair of office equipment to
• Arrange your desk or work station so that the maintenance people.
your arms, wrists, legs, back and neck can
be maintained in a comfortable "neutral" Although offices are not considered to be "high
position, with proper back support. (Eagle hazard" work environments, injuries happen when
can provide ergonomic checklists for risks are not controlled or when people get
evaluating your work area.) careless.
• Those who spend long hours at a computer Practice safe work habits at all times. Know where
should consider mastering keyboard the office first aid kit is kept, and who has been
moves, instead of relying principally on the trained to administer first aid.
mouse. This helps reduce strain on your
elbow and shoulder. And don't forget to Lastly, make sure you understand the emergency
take rest breaks! procedures for dealing with fires, earthquakes, and
power failures.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
GENERAL SAFETY - CARELESSNESS

Have you ever done anything stupid, something that you know puts you at increased risk of injury? When you
realize how stupid you were, whether you got hurt or not, do you ask yourself, "Why did I ever do that?" For your
own future preservation, this should be a very important question for you to answer yourself. Consider the fact that
approximately 20% of injuries are due to unsafe conditions and 80% are caused by unsafe acts. If you realize that
most unsafe conditions are brought about by human failure, then virtually all accidents are brought about by unsafe
acts. Why did you do something in an unsafe manner? To answer this question, you will need to put personal
defenses aside and know that blame may lie within yourself. Also realize that there may be more than one reason for
your actions and others may be involved.
If you knew the proper, safe way to the do the job, then you cannot claim ignorance. What is left, whether you like it
or not, is carelessness. So what can cause you to temporarily disregard your own safety?
External Pressure -- "Let's get this job done!" Usually this pressure comes from your direct supervisor. Disregarding
safe practices is not going to save enough time to make a significant difference. However, any accident or injury is
guaranteed to have an effect. As a matter of fact, when the pressure is applied, it is worthwhile to pay more attention
to safety because we know, from experience, such situations frequently lead to more accidents.
Bad Habits -- You fail to follow the established procedure and you don't get hurt (or you were not caught) this time.
Psychologically, this is a reward and so you do it again and again and again. But it is also Russian roulette. How
many times can you pull the trigger before a round is in the chamber? You know, sooner or later, something is going
to happen. There is only one way to stop it - stop pulling the trigger. Do yourself a favor and follow the established
procedures.
Internal Pressure -- There is just so much to do and not enough time!" Are you self-motivated and self-directed?
Most employers love this type of individual, but your single-minded determination to get the job done may cause
you to lose sight of the dangers around you. Think of it this way, you will not finish the job if you get hurt. You may
finish the job if you don't get hurt. Therefore, first, prevent injury. Second, work to complete the job. Make sense?
Attitude -- "This safety stuff doesn't apply to me!" So what makes you so special? A study of mine accidents
involving foremen showed that the foremen were injured when they personally failed to apply the safety standards
they were to enforce. Did the fact that they were foremen protect them from injury? No. Humans are humans. Rich
or poor. Black or white. Men or women. Strong or weak. There is nothing in your status that will protect you from
injury except following the safe procedure.
Remember, safety is no more than doing the job the right way, every day.
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
ALCOHOL & THE JOB - A SAFETY ISSUE
Working under the influence of alcohol is strictly prohibited. This means more than just not drinking on the job.
Tests have shown that alcohol can still have an effect on your body up to 18 hours after you have stopped drinking.
Alcohol use is a legitimate on-the-job safety issue - and not just an attempt to control off-the-clock lifestyles.
Alcohol is a sedative. Drinking any quantity of alcohol impairs a person's judgment, thinking ability, and
coordination to some degree. Some people can "handle" alcohol better than others, but it is a fact that any alcohol
consumed has some effect. Other factors which influence your body's ability to metabolize alcohol include your
weight, medications, and previous medical conditions. You may not feel it right away, but remember, alcohol affects
judgment.
After drinking, you are no longer in a position to assess your own capabilities. You don't have to be drunk to have
some impairment. If you can't make it through the day without a drink, you could have a problem and should seek
professional help.
What should you do about a co-worker who is drinking on the job? Should you ignore the situation or report it?
Most people would ignore the situation because they do not want to cause problems on the job or do not want to get
involved. People would prefer to avoid conflict at almost any cost. But look at it this way -- the drinker, no matter
how nice a co-worker, is not doing you any favors. It's a fact that the drinker is less productive. Who has to pick up
the slack? You do. It is a fact that the drinker is more 1ikely to be involved in accidents. Who else is he or she
placing at risk? You!
Are you allowing the drinking to continue?
• You are - if you cover for the drinker's poor productivity

• You are - if you cover their mistakes.
• You are - if you make excuses to others for them.
Take control of the situation.
• Don't allow the situation to continue. Stop covering for the drinker.
o Talk to your supervisor. It is your responsibility to talk to your supervisor whenever any
performance or safety issues affects your job. A drinking worker could be just as dangerous as a
defective saw. You wouldn't hesitate to bring the saw to your supervisor's attention, would you?
o If you are uncomfortable, suggest to your supervisor that there may be a problem. A good
supervisor will take the initiative and pick up the issue from there.
Whatever you do, make sure you do something. Watch out for your co-worker as they may need help. If you don't,
you may pay dearly for someone else's mistake.
Safety
____
ALLERGIES, ANTIHISTAMINES & DROWSINESS
Spring is here! It is time to put away the heavy Working in a hazardous industry is dangerous
coats and break out the sunglasses. But the enough in itself. You must be alert at all times and
weather conditions that lead to "spring fever" also able to react to production issues, recognize safety
give rise to another affliction that affects many of hazards, and be an asset to the crew. So what can
us-hay fever. be done to reduce the discomfort of hay fever
season, yet keep you effective at work? The
Hay fever can make those who are sensitive to following tips may be helpful:
pollen miserable, interfering with work and play.
Fortunately, modern medicine has developed drugs ♦ Consider taking the medication for only
which give temporary relief from hay fever's significant allergy attacks-particularly if your
common symptoms. job involves operating machinery or power
tools.
As users of antihistamines and decongestants
know, however, there are side affects to these ♦ If you need the medicine, take the smallest
over-the-counter drugs. The side affect most often dose possible that will still provide a level of
experienced is drowsiness. relief that you need.
A Gallup survey of allergy sufferers was conducted ♦ Before taking the medication, read not only
several years ago. This survey found that the the warnings on the outer package, but also
package warnings against driving or operating the product insert. This small piece of paper,
heavy machinery while taking the medicine are with equally small print, usually has much
largely ignored. If you think about it, this shouldn't more detailed information about the product
be surprising-since people take the medication so and possible side effects.
that they can continue with their normal activities,
and they attempt to do so. ♦ Follow the recommended dosage. More is
not necessarily better. Taking "extra doses"
We hope that people will be aware of the may only provide more side effects-and not
drowsiness problem and watch out for it while more relief.
working or driving. In addition to feeling drowsy,
other side affects of being sedated are reduced Finally, if you have any questions about allergy
coordination, slowed reaction time and impaired medication, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Some
judgment. These may be even less recognizable products may be less troublesome than others.
than drowsiness, but any of this can happen when Spring allergies can be very uncomfortable, but an
a person is not fully alert. accident or injury could bring an even greater
problem into your life.
The use of allergy medication can also effect one's
ability to focus on the work to be done by causing
dizziness, nervousness, nausea or headaches.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
APPRECIATING THE HAZARDS OF OXYACETYLENE MEANS ...
Many workers don't fully realize the serious hazards of oxyacetylene. That doesn't necessarily mean these people
aren't safety conscious, or are careless in their work. The hazards of gas welding are not always visually obvious,
and therefore are not always appreciated. Even "old-timers" can become complacent, but this attitude can be very
dangerous. Here are some examples:
1. Oxygen is commonly stored at pressures near 2,000 psi. This is a huge amount of stored energy. Whenever
any compressed gas cylinder is not in use, remove its regulator, and replace the valve cap. This is the best
way to protect the cylinder valve from damage. It is also important to always secure every cylinder in the
upright position. This helps prevent a cylinder from being accidentally knocked over and damaged. If a
cylinder's valve stem were to be sheared off in a fall, there is enough stored energy to turn the cylinder into
an unguided missile which could shoot across the shop or yard, destroying anything in its path.
2. Acetylene is an extremely unstable gas. It has a very wide explosive range and it can be dangerously
explosive at pressures above 15 psi. It is for these two reasons that acetylene must never be used at hose
pressures greater than 15 psi.
3. Oxygen placed under high pressure can erupt in flame or explode if it comes into contact with oil or grease.
Never use oil or grease on any gas welding apparatus, including cylinder caps. Keep the torch clean and
free of grease. Don't change cylinders or regulator valves unless you have clean hands. Just a little on your
hands could cause an unfortunate explosion.
4. Always close down cylinder valves when you are through working. This includes when you take a break
and go to lunch. Even a pin hole leak in the hose could allow gas to accumulate in the workplace creating
the potential for fire or explosion.
5. When opening regulator valves, turn them slowly and stand to one side. If oxygen and acetylene were to
mix inside the regulator under pressure, an explosion could result. The explosion could be a minor "pop" or
it could destroy the regulator and injure the operator.
6. Regularly inspect the gauges to make sure they are in proper working order to prevent possible
malfunctions, and ensure accurate gauge settings. Any damaged or inoperable gauges should be repaired or
replaced before use.
7. DO NOT use oxygen to ventilate a confined or enclosed space. An oxygen enriched confined environment
creates a serious fire and explosion hazard.
These are just a few of the hazards associated with welding operations. There are others that all torch users should
know. Know all the hazards. Follow all safety procedures for your work.
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
M.S.D.S
Reviewed:_____________________________________________________________________________________
__
ATMOSPHERES IN CONFINED SPACES
Employees in many industries enter a variety of Hydrogen sulfide - This is a colorless, toxic,
confined spaces for inspections, testing, repair or flammable and explosive gas with a rotten egg
cleaning. smell only at low concentrations. You may think
that the smell alone would give you plenty of
A confined space is any area that: warning that the gas is present.
(a) has limited openings for entry and exit; Beware--it doesn't!
(b) may contain or produce toxic air contaminants; After a whiff or two, in higher concentrations, the
gas can desensitize your sense of smell,
(c) has a high concentration of an inert gas; depending on the concentration, so you no longer
detect the warning odor. Hydrogen sulfide
(d) is not intended for continuous occupancy; and is released during the decay of organic matter
found in muds, sewage, etc., and is often prevalent
(e) may have an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. during oil & gas drilling. It is heavier than air, so
stay high if you suspect a problem and are trying to
(f) electrical or mechanical hazards escape. Keep an eye out for blackened brass or
copper pipes and fittings. Such indications could
(g) has the potential for engulfment indicate that hydrogen sulfide gas is now present,
or may have been in the past.
All such spaces must be analyzed and tested
before entry. Workers should also be trained to Carbon dioxide - Decaying animal or vegetable
understand the hazards that may be found in these matter can create this gas, the gas may have been
spaces. used to inert a space, or it may have leaked from a
fire suppression system. The gas is odorless,
A few of the potentially hazardous gases are: colorless, and displaces the oxygen within the
space, which can be fatal.
Freon® - This is a non-flammable liquid used
primarily as a solvent for flushing a space or can be Ammonia -- This gas has good warning properties
found as a gas in refrigeration systems. To prevent because it is extremely irritating to the eyes, nose,
release, all refrigeration and transfer systems must and moist skin. When exposure is gradual, most
be leak free. When working with Freon, there must people are driven from the area before injury can
be an alarm device in the area to warn of occur. However, if the exposure is extensive or
dangerous airborne concentrations. Since Freon is prolonged, severe irritation to the respiratory tract
heavier than air, vapors will settle along the floor. can result in respiratory arrest and death. If the
Because of this, if the Freon alarm sounds or if you odor of ammonia is strong, it is a sign that a leak
discover a leak, stand upright as you leave the exists, and must have attention before the space is
area. entered.
Carbon monoxide - This gas is usually produced Welding gases - Acetylene, oxygen, argon, and
by the exhaust of an engine or heater. It is helium are all gases used in welding that might find
colorless, odorless, tasteless, and deadly. If the air their way into a confined space and threaten your
you breathe contains carbon monoxide, the gas life. These all have different properties and dangers
interferes with your body's ability to utilize the but they most often enter a confined space due to a
oxygen that is in your lungs. In other words, you simple error, such as leaving an unused welding
can still breath, but it does not do you any good. hose in the space. Never leave a welding gas hose
Unconsciousness, and often death, comes very in a confined space--even if it's turned off. It is too
quickly. easy for someone to turn a wrong valve by mistake,
and release gas that becomes a killer.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
AVOIDING ELECTRICAL SHOCKS
Electrical hazards can be found in all industries. Avoiding electrical shocks both at home and at
work requires awareness of the hazards and a respect for this "Silent Killer." The human body
has a low resistance to electricity, making it a good conductor, like most metals. Unlike metals
however, the human body does not respond well when electricity passes through it. Physical
results include thermal burns, disruption of normal heart activity, severe muscle contractions,
and even death.
The most common and serious electrical injuries occur when electrical current flows between the
hands and feet. This happens when a person touches an energized line. The electrical energy is
looking for the shortest path to the ground, and it will pass through the body to the feet to reach
it. When this occurs, a persons heart and lungs are frequently damaged by the electrical energy.
Placing an insulator between the energy and the point of physical contact is one method of
protection. Porcelain, rubber, pottery and dry wood offer substantial resistance to the flow of
electricity, and are therefore good insulators. These materials can often protect a person from
electrical shock.
Precautions for avoiding electrical shocks include, but are not limited to, the following:
• Always make sure electric tools are properly grounded or double insulated. The double
insulated tool must have an undamaged outer case and be clearly labeled as "double
insulated" by the manufacturer.
• Always check to be sure the grounding system is complete. Unless they are designated as
double insulated, grounded power tools must be attached to a grounded service circuit. If
there is any doubt about the grounding, test it! (Ground testers are inexpensive.)
• Use heavy duty grounded extension cords. These cords have two layers of insulation,
with reinforcement between the layers. They are less susceptible to damage than house-
hold type cords. To check if the cord is heavy duty, check its shape. Most flat cords are
not heavy duty. Heavy duty cords will have a marking on the insulation such as: "S",
"SJ", "SJO", etc.
• Avoid mixing water and electricity! Not only keep cords, tools and working/walking
surfaces dry, keep your hands and feet dry as well. The electrical resistance of wet skin is
at least 100 times less than dry skin. Wet skin greatly increases the likelihood of severe
shock if a person comes in contact with a live circuit. If you must work around water,
connect to a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) to automatically shut off the current
if there is an abnormal current flow.
• Never work on or around a live electrical circuit. Lock Out the power so that only you
have control over energizing the machine or equipment. Don't take chances.
AVOIDING ELECTRICAL SHOCKS
Electrical hazards can be found in all Precautions for avoiding electrical shocks
industries. Avoiding electrical shocks both at include, but are not limited to, the
home and at work requires awareness of the following:
hazards and a respect for this also a "Silent
Killer." The human body has a low resistance  Always make sure electric tools are properly
to electricity, making it a good conductor, like grounded or double insulated. The double
most metals. Unlike metals however, the insulated tool must have an undamaged outer
human body does not respond well when case and be clearly labeled as "double
insulated" by the manufacturer.
electricity passes through it. Physical results
include thermal burns, disruption of normal  Always check to be sure the grounding system
heart activity, severe muscle contractions, and is complete. Unless they are designated as
even death. double insulated, grounded power tools must
be attached to a grounded service circuit. If
The most common and serious electrical there is any doubt about the grounding, test it!
injuries occur when electrical current flows (Ground testers are inexpensive.)
between the hands and feet.
 Use heavy duty grounded extension cords.
These cords have two layers of insulation, with
reinforcement between the layers. They are
less susceptible to damage than house-hold
type cords. To check if the cord is heavy duty,
check its shape. Most flat cords are not heavy
duty. Heavy duty cords will have a marking
on the insulation such as: "S", "SJ", "SJO", etc.
 Avoid mixing water and electricity! Not only

keep cords, tools and working/walking surfaces
dry, keep your hands and feet dry as well. The
electrical resistance of wet skin is at least 100
times less than dry skin. Wet skin greatly
increases the likelihood of severe shock if a
This happens when a person touches an person comes in contact with a live circuit. If
energized line. The electrical energy is looking you must work around water, connect to a
for the shortest path to the ground, and it will Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) to
pass through the body to the feet to reach it. automatically shut off the current if there is an
When this occurs, a persons heart and lungs abnormal current flow.
are frequently damaged by the electrical
energy.  Never work on or around a live electrical
circuit. Lock Out the power so that only you
Placing an insulator between the energy and have control over energizing the machine
the point of physical contact is one method of or equipment. Don't take chances.
protection. Porcelain, rubber, pottery and dry
wood offer substantial resistance to the flow of Remember, electricity strikes without
electricity, and are therefore good insulators. warning-always play it safe!
These materials can often protect a person
from electrical shock.
BACK INJURIES
Minor back strains and sprains, usually associated INCIDENCE

with lifting or handling tasks, occur often to The largest incidence of low back pain for males
workers. These injuries usually manifest as upper occurs between the ages of 20-24, and for
or lower back pain. Low back pain is second only to females between 24 and 34. However, younger
the common cold as the most frequent cause of workers tend to have less severe disorders than
absence from work. Most low back pain incidents their older counterparts. Usually, the condition
abate quickly, and generally allow workers to return improves quickly in younger workers. The most
to work. However, severe sprains and strains, severe cases tend to occur to workers in their late
which may be associated with incidents such as 30s and 40s. The average age of patients
falls from heights or automobile accidents, will undergoing diskectomy (surgery to the discs to
usually require longer periods for recovery. repair damage) is 42.
In addition to the many minor sprains and strains Low back pain is pervasive throughout our
which are common in industry, low back pain population, 80% of the general population
cases are also the most chronic and costly back experience some form of the condition at some
ailment. point in their lifetimes. Sciatica, a neuritis of the
sciatic nerve running through the back of the
Chronic cases usually are not attributable to a thigh near the low back, affects 40% of the
specific event, although many in industry general population at some time in their life.
mistakenly attempt to relate such cases to Sciatica and low back pain are often linked, and
particular events. These back injuries can be sometimes are difficult to differentiate. Fourteen
viewed as cumulative trauma, developing over a percent of the population are experiencing low
period of weeks, months, or years, and result in back pain at any given time. Low back
nonspecific low back pain. Because of the impairment (reduced ability to function) affects
tendency to relate all back injuries to a single about 11% of the U.S. working population each
traumatic event, usually the activity being year.
performed at the onset of symptoms, workers
suffering from low back pain may be seen as Low back disability (lost time or restricted
malingerers, especially when this activity is work) affects about 2.0% of the industrial
lighter work. population each year, which accounts for 20% to
25% of compensation claims for lost wages. In
LOW BACK PAIN terms of low back cases overall, relatively few
cases account for the vast majority of costs.
Unlike common sprains and strains, which are
known to involve muscles, tendons, and Total annual costs for low back injuries in the
ligaments, non-specific low back pain is termed United States has been estimated at $20 billion
“idiopathic”, having no known specific cause. dollars or more. Low back pain is clearly a
serious and prevalent problem in our society.
The condition is painful and can seriously impair Only 25% of low back cases account for 95% of
a person's ability to function. Although low back the costs. Larger insurance carriers pay out
pain is usually episodic in nature, chronic or millions per working day for low back claims.
residual pain due to cumulative trauma may
develop. Chronic, rather than episodic pain most
often affects workers in their 40's. Among still
older workers, those in their 50's and 60's, the
incidence of low back pain tends to decrease.
Page 1 of 6
BACK INJURIES
TRAINING For information on materials handling products, the

Employee training in safe lifting practices, while a Materials Handling Institute in Pittsburgh, PA, may
part of the corrective action process, should not be be of assistance. Formed in 1945, the Institute
considered the sole remedy. Several studies consists of consultants, manufacturers, and
indicate that current industrial training by itself integrators of materials handling systems, and
has limited to no effect on low back injury rates. addresses the technical and product specific
Since uninjured workers are more difficult to elements of the materials handling industry. In
motivate, training may be more appropriate for: 1988, the Materials Handling Industry of America
was formed to allow broader representation of the
• Injured workers - who are more motivated entire materials handling industry. MHIA sponsors
to act safely following an injury. educational and trade events such as "ProMat",
an international material handling show and
• Management - who require information forum held in the United States. Their toll free
about low back injuries, and the need for number is 1-800-722-6832.
offering encouragement and follow-up, not
requiring 100% recovery before allowing a PERSONAL PROTECTION
return to work, and providing modified,
alternative, or part-time work. An effort to afford workers personal protection
in the form back belts which workers wear around
Some jobs, where the tasks performed and risk their waste has been a popular attempt to control
factors to which workers are exposed may vary back injuries. However, mounting scientific
considerably during the work shift, may be evidence suggests that belts are very little, if any,
inherently difficult to design or control (i.e., protection to workers. Nor have belts been found to
firefighters, police, beverage or other delivery). offer a psychological or motivational advantage to
For these types of jobs worker selection and workers. There is some concern that belt wearing
training can be used to help control injuries. increases a worker’s blood pressure, and therefore
Emphasis on high quality technical training on introduces new risks, especially to workers with
safe lifting procedures relating to specific job compromised cardiovascular systems. A better
tasks should yield the best results. approach is good job design.
EQUIPMENT
Many new equipment designs now account for

ergonomics considerations. Easily available are
such devices as various types of lift tables,
turntables, spring or pneumatically loaded
leveling tables, mechanical lifts which can be
loaded flat on the ground ("zero-lifts"), mobile or
portable conveyors, inverters which turn or
orient materials, and myriad other devices. In
addition, height adjustable worktables and
angled bin or tote racks are inexpensive and
available.
Page 6 of 6
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
BASIC MACHINE SAFETY

It's tough to imagine modern society without machines hard at work all around us. New and improved machinery
leads to increased productivity, higher quality, and more affordable production. But misused machines can be as
harmful as they are helpful. Machines that cut metal can cut off fingers. Machines that punch through steel can
punch through flesh. Such injuries can cause career-ending disabilities as well as severe pain and suffering.
Be alert to these areas when working around or operating machinery:
The point of operation: That is where the work of the machine takes place. It's where the pressing, cutting, punching
and boring takes place. It's a place where no part of the body should be. If any part of the body is in the way at the
point of operation, the force of the machine can cause a serious injury. The point of operation may also produce
sparks or fragments that can fly toward the operator. Safety glasses are important for this type of work.
The power train: That is where energy is transferred through moving parts like gears, shafts, belts, cables, hydraulic
or pneumatic cylinders. No body parts should be in these areas either. When working on this type of machinery,
always follow the lockout/tagout procedures and replace all guards when repairs are complete. Employees should
report any missing guards to their supervisor before operating this equipment.
Workers must control machines carefully. In addition to avoiding the power train and point of operation, employees
should always:
• Make sure machines are anchored securely to prevent "walking," tipping, excessive vibration or other
movement that could be hazardous.
• Never reach blindly into areas that may contain energized parts.
• Be sure there is enough lighting to clearly see all points of operation.
• Keep conductive items -- watches, rings, steel wool, belt buckles -- away from exposed electrical parts.
• Never plug or unplug electrical equipment with wet hands.
• Follow all lockout/tagout procedures.
• Always wear the proper protective equipment for each job.
Material handling equipment: Power lifts, forklift trucks, etc. are not considered to be production machinery, but
their points of operation and power train can be just as hazardous. Employees must be properly trained in the
operation of this type of equipment before they are allowed to use it.
Mechanical hazards may come from many different areas and have potential for serious injury.
Beware of the danger zones located within your operation and respect the power of machinery.
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
BE CAUTIOUS WITH SULFURIC ACID
Sulfuric acid is widely used in industry for a variety of purposes such as metal cleaning and
etching, production of fertilizers, petroleum produces, dyes and explosives. Like all acids it is
reactive. Simply put, this means that when the liquid comes into contact with another material,
something is going to happen. This is where the danger lies. If sulfuric acid comes in contact
with any part of your body, a rapid destruction of tissue takes place, capable of causing severe
burns. When a burn occurs, it also gives rise to the possibility of secondary problems such as
infection. Burns are never to be considered trivial.
The strength or concentration of acids can vary. If transported in bulk quantities, the acid is
usually "full strength." If used as a cleaning agent, it may be highly diluted. In both cases, the
material is dangerous. In its concentrated form, sulfuric acid destroys not only the outer skin, it
can also penetrate into the flesh under your skin, destroying it. This causes great pain and, if the
damage is great enough, may result in shock, collapse or other problems which typically
accompany thermal burns. Even dilute concentrations in contact with skin can cause dermatitis,
or skin irritation. Prolonged breathing of the vapors or mists can cause respiratory disorders.
Protection: Here is something to think about. Sulfuric acid can burn through your skin into your
flesh. It can cause your clothes to disintegrate. It can erode concrete and etch metal. Imagine
what a drop or two would do to your sensitive and unprotected eyes. When working with or
around Sulfuric acid, eye and face protection is a must. Safety glasses alone are not adequate.
Wear chemical-type goggles (these have indirect vents), and a face shield. Protective clothing
should include, at a minimum, an acid-resistant long apron and gloves. When working with large
quantities, you will need to wear an acid-resistant "rain-suit" and high-top boots, with the pant
leg extending over the top of the boot.
First Aid - Rapid treatment is very important. You must wash the acid off the body quickly. Get
the victim to the emergency shower or to a hose as quickly as possible. Start washing and as you
do so, remove all acid-wet clothing. Keep the water flowing. In cases where there are severe
burns, shock may set in. If this occurs, treat for shock by placing victims on their back and
keeping them warm. Call immediately for medical help. Do not apply any ointments, oils or
other treatments to the burned area.
If acid is swallowed, it burns tissues all the way down to the stomach. Do not induce vomiting,
which will cause additional burns as it comes up as well. Never give anything to an unconscious
person but, if the victim is conscious, the acid should be immediately diluted. Provide milk,
preferably mixed with egg whites. If this isn't available, give as much water to drink as possible.
Prevent contact with sulfuric acid! Pre-determine hazards in your operation and implement a prevention and
treatment plan with professional assistance.
BEING MENTALLY PREPARED FOR EMERGENCIES
Would you know what to do if an emergency You should be able to answer the following:
occurred while you were on the job? Do you know
what actions to take if a co-worker was seriously ♦ How and who do you notify in an
injured, a fire ignited, or a structure collapsed? Are emergency?
you prepared to react?
♦ Are you prepared to react responsibly?
Emergencies and disasters are a reality of
everyday life. Local and international news ♦ Should you stay with the injured person or
programs document such occurrences every day run for help?
throughout the world. Too many lives are lost
and property is damaged because no one was ♦ If you are not First Aid certified, do you know
prepared to properly react when immediate who in your crew or the company is?
decisions and actions counted.
♦ Does the emergency scene need to be
A good start in learning how to respond to an secured?
emergency is through certification in Medic First
Aid® Basic First Aid & CPR (Cardio Pulmonary ♦ Do you know the chain of command? Who's
Resuscitation). These courses teach important in charge during an emergency?
skills.
You come to work everyday prepared for the task
But even more important than the first aid skills at hand and knowledgeable on how to handle
gained, they teach how to respond to an problems in the workplace.
emergency. Programs offered by organizations
such as the highly respected Medic First Aid® Being mentally aware is also your best preparation
programs we use teach people about the kind of for a potential emergency.
situations or conditions that might precipitate an
emergency. Knowing what to look for and how to Analyze beforehand what to do if one of your co-
react could save the life of a co-worker or workers is injured, and if that injury is life
family member. threatening.
We have an emergency action plan. Review it You know how to protect yourself, your co-workers
periodically, and be aware of what steps to follow and the client in case of a H2S problem. Chances
when calling for emergency help. Know the course are, during a crisis, you won't have much time to
of action to take in likely emergencies at your plan the best possible action-so make those
facility. This will improve your safety awareness in decisions ahead of time.
everything you do.
When an emergency does occur, it is your
Safety awareness may be gained through our responsibility to be mentally ready.
regular safety meetings, safety training or your own
personal interest in safety & health. This
awareness will increase your ability to respond if,
some day in the future, you are a bystander in an
emergency. This is particularly important if you
work in a hazardous industry.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
BEING MENTALLY PREPARED FOR EMERGENCIES
Would you know what to do if an emergency occurred while you were on the job? Do you know what actions to
take if a co-worker was seriously injured, a fire ignited, or a structure collapsed? Are you prepared to react?
Emergencies and disasters are a reality of everyday life. Local and international news programs document such
occurrences every day throughout the world. Too many lives are lost and property is damaged because no one was
prepared to properly react when immediate decisions and actions counted.
A good start in learning how to respond to an emergency is through certification in Basic First Aid and CPR (Cardio
Pulmonary Resuscitation). These courses teach important skills. But even more important than the first aid skills
gained, they teach how to respond to an emergency. Programs offered by organizations such as the highly respected
American Red Cross teach people about the kind of situations or conditions that might precipitate an emergency.
Knowing what to look for and how to react could save the life of a co-worker or family member.
Your company should have an emergency action plan. Review it periodically, and be aware of what steps to follow
when calling for emergency help. Know the course of action to take in likely emergencies at your facility. This will
improve your safety awareness in everything you do.
Safety awareness may be gained through the company's regular safety meetings, safety training or your own
personal interest in safety & health. This awareness will increase your ability to respond if, some day in the future,
you are a bystander in an emergency. This is particularly important if you work in a hazardous industry. You should
be able to answer the following:
√ How and who do you notify in an emergency?
√ Are you prepared to react responsibly?
√ Should you stay with the injured person or run for help?
√ If you are not First Aid certified, do you know who in your crew or the company is?
√ Does the emergency scene need to be secured?
√ Do you know the chain of command? Who's in charge during an emergency?
You come to work everyday prepared for the task at hand and knowledgeable on how to handle production problems
in the workplace. Being mentally aware is also your best preparation for a potential emergency. Analyze beforehand
what to do if one of your co-workers is injured, and if that injury is life threatening. Know how to protect yourself,
your co-workers and the company in case of a serious chemical spill. Chances are, during a crisis, you won't have
much time to plan the best possible action-so make those decisions ahead of time.
When an emergency does occur, it is your responsibility to be mentally ready.

TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
GENERAL SAFETY - CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)

Carbon monoxide is a clear, odorless gas which is created by inefficient combustion emissions. The most common
sources in industry are gasoline or diesel powered pressure washers, air compressors, forklifts or other petroleum
fired machinery.
The chemical makeup of CO is a carbon molecule linked to an oxygen molecule. Carbon monoxide kills by binding
up the hemoglobin in the blood. Since CO has an affinity for hemoglobin several hundreds of times greater than the
oxygen that is ever present, that being about 200,000 parts per million in normal air. Therefore it takes only a small
amount of CO to bind up a large amount of hemoglobin. This decreases the amount of oxygen delivered to the
tissues and without oxygen, you will slowly suffocate to death.
What does this mean for workers? Carbon Monoxide will affect workers as follows:
• Slight headache and dizziness

• Nausea
• Drowsiness and an euphoric feeling
• Unconsciousness
• Death
The level of CO mandated by OSHA as the maximum allowable for 8 hours is 50 parts per million. This is an
extremely small amount of CO. To put this into perspective, think of a room that holds 1 million ice cubes and then
remove 50 cubes from the room. Those 50 ice cubes are the maximum amount allowed by OSHA for workers to be
exposed to over an 8 hour period.
What to do to prevent CO overexposure????
1. Inspect the jobsite and remove any internal combustion machinery located near a hatch or other opening that may
cause exhaust fumes to enter the space.
2. VENTILATE, VENTILATE, VENTILATE! ! !
3. Frequently monitor workspaces for CO with testing equipment and observe employees for signs of CO exposure.
4. Train workers about the early symptoms of CO exposure.
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
CARGO DOCK SAFETY
An accident in a warehouse can injure you or your co-workers, damage equipment, and ruin cargo. It is a potential
for a multiple loss. The most common warehouse accidents involve forklifts and manual material handling.
The forklift is one of the most important mechanical devices you have. It can also be one of the most dangerous if
not properly used. Statistics show that forklifts are involved in only about 1% of lost time accidents, yet they
account for about 10% of the serious injuries. Some of those injuries occur when:
• A forklift strikes a pedestrian.

• A load falls on a pedestrian or the driver.
• A forklift falls between a trailer and dock or off a truck.
• A forklift turns over.
The key to forklift safety is your skill in operating the equipment, your ability to anticipate hazards in the warehouse
and your concentration regarding the task at hand.
You can prevent traffic incidents while operating the forklift, by using the same safe practices that apply to traffic
driving. Observe the rules regarding speed, maneuvering, and loading and unloading. Keep your arms and legs
inside the guard and wear your seatbelt. The seatbelt will keep you inside the forklift in the event it tips over. Odds
are you won't be able to jump clear! Unfortunately too many people have tried…unsuccessfully.
The dock plate is all that is between you and an accident when transferring cargo between a trailer and the dock.
Damaged plates should not be used. Check for cracks or if curbs are missing or broken, report it. Makeshift plates
should not be used, not even for a one-time job. Make sure the plate is properly anchored in place before loading or
unloading.
The trailer can also contribute to an accident. The impact of lift trucks moving in and out can cause the trailer to inch
away from the dock. Trailers should be chocked and frequently checked to insure they have not shifted. When the
trailer is parked, jacks should be placed to prevent the trailer from tipping over.
As a pedestrian in the warehouse, stay clear of moving loads. When palletized cargo is being picked up, it can
topple. Be alert. The rear of a forklift swings wide, since the steering axle is in the rear. So stay clear, and give the
equipment plenty of room to maneuver.
Before you attempt to lift, move or shift heavy items in the cramped confines of a trailer, assess the situation. Do
you need assistance from one of your co-workers, or do you need mechanical assistance from a forklift? Without
assistance, you may injure your back or damage the cargo.
Take care. Don't be trapped into having an accident.
Safety
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TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
CHOCKING AND BLOCKING

An essential part of a safe working environment when loading or unloading trucks and trailers is the proper use of
equipment, which includes chocks and blocks. Every year, workers are severely or fatally injured because the
wheels of a truck or trailer were not chocked. Vehicle drivers are also injured when trailers overturn because
unblocked freight shifted during travel.
When wheels aren't meant to roll. Accidents are caused each year when a truck or trailer rolls away from the dock
because no one took time to chock the wheels. In some cases, drivers who got out of the cab were crushed by their
own rig. In other cases, lift truck drivers were injured when the forklift fell between dock edge and a trailer that
moved away. The wheels of trucks or trailers at a dock should always be chocked prior to the start of any operation,
to prevent this from happening. Lift truck drivers should never enter a trailer without first verifying that the wheels
have been chocked, and that the floor of the trailer is in good condition and capable of supporting the weight of the
forklift and it's load. In most states, OSHA requires that vehicle wheels be chocked prior to permitting forklifts to
enter trailers.
Positioning of chocks is important. The purpose of the chock is to pin the wheels and hold them stationary so that
the tractor or trailer can't move. However, if they aren't placed in the right location they don't always prevent
movement of the wheels. The safest procedure is to always chock the wheels closest to the dock--especially on a
tandem-axle trailer. The reason is, the lift truck entering the trailer can exert a downward force which helps pin the
wheels more effectively against the chock. When the front axle is chocked, the forward motion of a forklift entering
the trailer may loosen the chock, allowing the trailer to move forward, or even jump the chock.
Shifting loads are hazardous. Freight inside the trailer must also be blocked or secured to keep the load from
shifting, which can damage other cargo or cause a trailer to overturn in transit. Cargo needn't be round, such as reels
or machinery on wheels, to shift position. Blocking of heavier freight is used to prevent movement during transit. To
accomplish this, it may be necessary to block each item separately, on all four sides. The type of blocking material
used is also important. Make certain that nails are long enough to hold the block and that lumber is thick enough to
prevent the cargo from shifting without breaking. Never use other freight as blocking. If it looks like the cargo can
move around, it probably will. Take time to secure it.
Be sure the correct equipment is always available. Every loading dock should be equipped with chocks, which if
properly used, will keep vehicles from moving while being loaded or unloaded, especially when forklift trucks are
used. Chocks will more likely be available at all times if they are fastened to the dock with a chain or rope to prevent
their "disappearance," and stored out of the traffic areas when not in use.
Chocks and blocks help avoid accidents. Use them, and require others to use them!
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
COLD MEDICATION & DROWSINESS

Cold and flu season is here again. Now is a good time for our annual warning about using over-the-counter cold and
flu medications during work hours. Sometimes, cold remedies and work are not a good mix.
The most common side effect of over-the counter cold and flu medicine is drowsiness, which lowers one's alertness
and reaction time. Ten to twenty-five percent of people taking these medications report daytime drowsiness. This
can be more than just an annoyance. Approximately 200,000 vehicle accidents are attributed to sleepiness every
year. Fatigue is a factor in nearly one-third of truck accidents where the driver is killed. Taking medications, then
coming to work and using machinery or sharp tools, can be dangerous. So, when you are ill, what should you do?
In many cases, your employer may not want you to show up for work when you have a bad cold or the flu. Not only
does your risk of injury increase if medication causes you to be drowsy, but your productivity is likely to be poor as
well. In addition, you may pass a virus to co-workers so that they too become ill. Finally, your own recovery may be
delayed if you are not getting enough rest to fight the ailment. But, sometimes you must come to work and you need
to take medications. If this is the case, remember the following:
Let your supervisor know . --It may be possible to change your work assignments or temporarily arrange for less
hazardous work. You probably shouldn't do tasks that require the use of a respirator, or that are highly demanding,
physically. Another reason for speaking to your supervisor is to acknowledge that your performance may not be
quite up to par for a few days. Also, should you be injured, your supervisor and emergency responders will need to
know what medications you are taking if you are unable to recall.
Follow the recommended dosages.-- Exceeding the recommended dose will not help you get well faster or feel any
better. In fact, what usually happens is that side effects, such as drowsiness, become more pronounced.
Do not mix medications--. Remember, these pills, capsules, or tonics are chemicals. They may be incompatible
when mixed, causing more harm than good. A mixture of medicines ,or medicine mixed with alcohol, may intensify
a side effect or even be dangerous.
Read the label.-- This is where you will find the information you need about dosage and side effects. If you can't
read or don't fully understand the label, ask or phone the pharmacist.
Don't try new remedies during work hours.-- If you feel like experimenting with something new or different, do it
over the weekend. Everyone reacts differently to cold and flue medication. Find one that works best and gives you
the least troublesome side effects, and stay with it.
Wash your hands often.-- We give this advice to kids, but everyone should remember it during cold and flu season.
More cold viruses are transmitted from hand to hand, from doorknob to hand, from hand to mouth…than in any
other way. The best cold and flu solution is prevention!
Safety
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TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY - DON'T BE A "DEAD" HERO

You are standing at the top of an open manhole acting as an attendant for a team of maintenance personnel who have
entered a confined space that required an entry permit. It has been several minutes since you talked to the crew, but
you can peer down into the space and see them. During your last few checks with them, everything was A-OK.
This time, however, when you yell down to check on them, you don't get a response. You look inside the hole and
you notice that they are slumped over or leaning up against the wall like they are taking a nap.
You yell for help but know that it will be some time before a rescue team arrives. Those are your friends down there,
and they need your help. They are real close to the top, why you almost could just reach down and pull them up.
Your pulse is beating and you are breathing hard from excitement. You're yelling at the workers, trying to arouse
them. Something has to be done . . . so . . . you jump down into the hole.
The rescue team arrives in time to pull your lifeless body out with the rest. The record will show that you attempted
to rescue your friends and gave your life doing so. Some would say you were a hero. Yes, but a dead one!
The moral of this scenario is that when you are an attendant watching over a confined space, your duty is to observe
and assist from above. If you have a tag line on the person inside and can pull them out without entry, go ahead (but
how much dead weight can you lift from below your feet). If you have the proper rescue tripod, you can winch the
victim to the surface. At no time do you enter the space to attempt rescue. You can wait until a new attendant
arrives, and after you put on the proper rescue equipment and enter (providing of course you have been trained in
rescue procedures). But you must never .. never .. never abandon your duties as the attendant and attempt rescue on
your own.
You have no idea what the hazards are that overcame your co-workers. And like the scenario described above, you
might wind up as a DEAD HERO.
Confined spaces can be killers. Know what the risks are and take appropriate measures to control them. Be sure that
air samples are taken before entry, and as frequently as required by the activities being conducted. Provide
ventilation into the space if required. Use all personal protective equipment in accordance with the manufacturers
directions. Use your entry permit to log the sample results and the time of test. Have a rescue plan established before
it is needed.
We want you to walk away from all confined space entry situations. We don't want to carry you away in a body bag.
Think SAFETY and stay ALIVE.
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
CRANE COUNTERWEIGHTS
Although it seems like everyone knows of the danger of being struck by a crane's counterweight, this type of
accident still persists in industry. The following incidents illustrate the hazards faced by employees working near
cranes.
• An ironworker was tying rebar for a column in the close proximity of a crawler crane. The crane was busy
positioning other material on the job site. The ironworker stepped backwards just as the crane swung it's
load. The ironworker was struck by the crane's counterweight.
• A laborer who was carrying a bag of cement inadvertently walked behind a crane. The crane swung and the
worker was pinned between the counterweight and an adjacent pier.
• A laborer foreman stopped briefly between a lumber pile and crane to watch it's operation. As the crane
turned, the foreman stepped back to provide additional room for the swing of the counterweight. The
foreman tripped and fell over a pile of lumber.
A common element in all of the above incidents was the failure to keep the swing area of the crane's counterweight
clear of workers and materials or equipment that must be retrieved. Several solutions to this problem are:
1. Eliminate the problem -- Locate the crane in a position where there will be no pinch points created between
the counterweights and nearby objects. The operator should only operate the equipment when the crane's
swing area is clear.
2. Guard or warn of the hazard -- The counterweight's swing area can be barricaded to keep workers out of the
hazard zone. When appropriate, warning tape can be used to identify the swing area. Painting a portion of
the counterweight a bright color helps to warn of the hazard by making it more highly visible.
3. Eye to eye contact -- All workers in the area should be told to keep clear of the swing area. If material or
equipment must be retrieved from within the counterweight swing area, the worker should make positive
visual contact with the operator prior to entering the hazard zone. Once the worker is done, the operator and
worker should once again make positive visual contact so that the operator knows it is now safe to continue
full operation.
KEEP WORKERS & MATERIALS CLEAR OF THE CRANE SWING AREA!!
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
M.S.D.S
Reviewed:_____________________________________________________________________________________
__
Attended By:
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
DO CELLULAR PHONES CAUSE MORE VEHICLE ACCIDENTS?
It's common knowledge that the number one cause of work-related fatalities is vehicle accidents. Most companies
have at least one truck, if not a whole fleet of vehicles, and their drivers face the hazards of the roadway day after
day. Sometimes a trip ends tragically.
Now, a new technology threatens to increase the accident potential for drivers. In more and more companies,
cellular phones are being used by construction, service and delivery personnel, as well as by management levels.
According to one research study, the use of a cellular phone while driving increases the risk of having an accident
four-fold. Another study found that having a cellular phone in a vehicle increased the risk of being involved in an
accident by 34 %. The U.S. Department of Transportation reports an increase in the number of complaints about
drivers talking on their cellular phones while operating a vehicle. Critics of these studies argue that the research is
poor and does not make a decisive connection. Besides, having a cellular telephone in the car can be an advantage
when used to call emergency services. What do you think?
Reported Hazards Associated With Cellular Phones:
• Users are said to be distracted from defensive driving practices, and less responsive to highway traffic
situations. When they do react, their response time is said to be longer.
• People on the phone are more likely to have intense conversations that involve problem-solving-which is
more distracting than shooting the breeze with a passenger.
• Passengers in the car often alert drivers to dangerous situation, and stop talking at such times, in contrast to
someone on the other end of the line who is unaware of the traffic situation.
• Cell phone users may be concentrating on dialing a number or handling the equipment and fail to notice a
stop light, traffic sign, or a vehicle in front of them.
• Not only the driver on the phone, but other drivers on the roadway are at increased risk if a cell phone user
is the ultimate cause of an accident.
Safety Reminders For Cell Phone Users:
• Keep conversations short and sweet. Develop ways to get free of long-winded friends and associates while
on the road. Don't use the cell phone for social visiting.
• Hang up in tricky traffic situations-without warning if necessary. Safe driving takes precedence over
telephone etiquette. You can explain later-- because you'll still be alive!
• Resist dialing a number while on the move in heavy traffic whenever possible; wait until you are at a traffic
light or stop sign.
• Keep even more distance between you and the car ahead of you than normally recommended.
• Consider using a "hands-free" speakerphone system, so you can keep your hands on the wheel and your
eyes on the road-- and still keep talking. These speakerphones are available for many popular telephone
models. Some states have proposed legislation that requires use of these devices.
All drivers are at risk of having a vehicle accident before, during or after work, and the use of a cell phone may
increase this risk. Concentrate on the above reminders! Don't become a statistic!
Rig Move Report
Rig #: AHMED
Area: G.O.S.
Move From: M1
Move To: GS - 327
Dates
Start of Move: 23rd Sept 08
End of Move: 24th Sept 08
Page 1 Data Sheet
Page 2 Notifications
Page 3 Tug Information
Page 4 Transit Log
Page 5 Position Drawing
Page 6 Log of events
Signatures:
Rig Mover / Supt.:

NDA
O.I.M / Rig Manager:
Ian Robertson.
Barge Engineer:
R. Murray
Rig Move Report
Rig #: AHMED
Area: G.O.S.
Move From: M1
Move To: GS - 327
Dates
Page 1 Data Sheet
Page 4 Transit Log
Signatures:
Rig Mover / Supt.:

NDA
Ian Robertson.
Barge Engineer:
R. Murray
Rig Move Report
Rig #: AHMED
Area: G.O.S.
Move From: M1
Move To: GS - 327
Dates
Page 1 Data Sheet
Page 4 Transit Log
Signatures:
Rig Mover / Supt.:

NDA
Ian Robertson.
Barge Engineer:
R. Murray
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
DRUM HANDLING
Improper handling of drums and barrels can result in severe injuries. These include painful back
sprains, smashed toes and fingers, or exposure to hazardous chemicals if the contents are leaking.
Proper work practices can minimize your risk of injury, so consider the following tips.
• Prior to handling the drum, read the label on the drum and look for symbols, words or
other marks which indicate if its contents are hazardous, corrosive, toxic or flammable. If
the drum isn't labeled, consider the contents hazardous until they are positively identified.
• Look around the drum to see if it is leaking. Before cleaning up any spill, make sure the
substance has been identified. Make sure that you've been trained in the hazards of the
chemical, and have the correct materials for cleaning it up. Find and review the
appropriate MSDS.
• Before moving the drum or barrel, replace missing bungs and/or lids and secure as
necessary.
• Depending upon the contents of the drum, estimate its weight. Determine whether you
can move it yourself or if you need assistance. A 55-gallon drum can weigh 400-800
pounds.
• If you decide to move it yourself, use a forklift if one is available, a hand truck or a drum
cart that is designed specifically for drum handling.
• If the drum can be rolled, stand in front of it and place both hands on the far side of the
chime. Pull the drum forward until it balances on the bottom chime. You can now roll the
drum on its chime, being careful to keep your hands from crossing over one another. You
can also lower the drum to the ground for rolling by shifting your hands to the bottom
side of the chime (not where they will be crushed). Then slowly lower the drum to the
floor. Keep your back straight and bend at your knees. Then roll the drum with both
hands. Don't use your feet or grasp the ends.
• To upend a barrel or drum, a drum lifter bar is preferable. If one is not available, crouch
in front of the drum, knees apart and firmly grasp the chime on each side. Keep your back
straight and use your leg muscles to lift. Balance the drum on the lower chime, shift your
hands to the far edge, and ease the drum into the upended position.
• Protect your hands, feet, back and face during this work. Safety shoes should be required
when moving heavy drums. Gloves, eye protection, aprons, and other personal protective
equipment may be needed, depending upon the contents of the drum.
• Most importantly, use material handling equipment whenever possible, and get help
when you need it!
Safety
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TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
EIGHT CRANE DANGER SIGNS TO WATCH FOR
If you work around cranes, you should be on the lookout for the following eight danger signs of
improper operation. If you see any of these occurring on a jobsite, immediately inform a
supervisor before a catastrophe takes place. Here are things to watch for:
1. Outriggers, crawler tracks, or tires raised off the ground while operating. This is an
extremely dangerous condition which indicates the crane is being overloaded and may tip
over or collapse. The wrong move in this situation can cause a catastrophe.
2. Operating close to power lines or other dangerous objects. Electrocution due to contact
with power lines is the leading cause of crane related fatalities. Detailed federal
regulations for proximity to high voltage sources must be strictly enforced. Any potential
danger should be pointed out to the crane operator or a supervisor-but never touch the
crane at this time.
3. Riding the load or crane hook. This is a serious violation of federal and state safety
regulations. Crane structures and cables have far lower strength margins for handling
material than what is required for lifting personnel. Workers must never be suspended
from a crane boom unless an approved personnel basket with mandatory safety
equipment is used, and lifting procedures are strictly followed.
4. Visible structural damage on the crane or rigging. There is little or no back up system in
the load-supporting components of most cranes. A damaged component can fail
completely and without warning, causing the boom or load to fall.
5. Modifications made by adding extra counterweight or holding down the rear of the crane.
All job initiated modifications are illegal and may permit overloading the crane. If not
approved by the crane manufacturer in writing, these modifications can over stress
critical structural components, which could cause failure of the crane.
6. A crane operating near a trench or excavation. Cranes exert extremely high loads on the
soil near the tracks, outriggers, or tires. A crane set up in close proximity to an excavation
can cause soil failure, crane turnover, and possible disaster.
7. The crane is noticeably out of level while operating. There is no faster way to collapse a
crane boom than to impose a side force on the boom. Working out of level creates a
dynamic side force which means a crane collapse may be imminent.
8. The crane's hoist line is not vertical at all times during operation. This indicates improper
operation. A hoist line which is not vertical obviously indicates that the load is not
hanging straight down. Out of plumb loads can cause crane collapse by generating side
forces on the boom. In some instances, the crane may tip over if the load swings.
Safety
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TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS - HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL BURNS

More than 1000 employees are killed and another 30,000 injured each year from electrical shock. Hands are
frequently involved in an electrical injury since they are the most common source of contact with the electrical
current. However, damage to other parts of the body may be more extensive and life threatening. Severe electric
shock can result in cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation, massive fluid loss into swollen tissues, and kidney
failure caused by an overload of muscle protein from damaged muscle and infections.
Electrical injuries are often more severe than they appear to be from the outside. Injury occurs not only at the contact
site, but also along the path the electricity takes, and at the exit location. Frequently, there is also extensive muscle
damage that will not be evident from a visual examination of the skin. These deep tissue injuries cause severe
swelling that require a deep incision extending from the hand to the shoulder to relieve the pressure. If this is not
done, the mounting pressure from the swelling will shut off the blood supply by compressing the arteries, rapidly
destroying any remaining healthy tissue. Extensive dead skin removal is often necessary to prevent massive
infection. Deep burns result in unsightly scars that will often continue to enlarge for 12-18 months after the burn
occurs. These scars are not only a cosmetic problem, but may seriously interfere with joint function because motion
increases the tension across the wound, which tends to produce even more scar tissue.
More than 90% of fatalities occur when contact is made with a "hot" wire, or energized equipment housing by a
person who was well-grounded Most of these injuries would probably have been prevented if a GFI -- ground fault
interrupter -- had been installed on the circuit. A GFI is not an overcurrent device, but is placed across the line to
continuously monitor the current flowing from the source and compare it to the current returning to the source. If the
difference is 6 milliamperes or more, it opens the circuit almost instantly. This is important because it has been
determined that 100 milliamperes flowing through the body for only 2 seconds can cause death by electrocution. 100
milliamperes is not much current when you consider that a portable electric drill draws 30 times that much.
Incidentally, the "let go" threshold that causes freezing to the circuit is about 20 milliamperes. Make sure that the
equipment you are working with has a GFI -- it could save your life.
To work on high voltage (over 600 volts), you must have a minimum of two years of training, experience with high
voltage circuits, have demonstrated that you are familiar with the work to be performed, and the hazards involved
with high voltage work according to OSHA.
Other safety requirements that must be followed include using insulated gloves for current over 300 volts, eye
protection, and lockout/tagout if working on energized parts of equipment or systems. Conductive measuring tapes,
ropes, or similar devices obviously cannot be used around exposed conductors, and conductive fish tapes cannot be
used if they will be entering enclosures with exposed conductors.
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
M.S.D.S
Reviewed:_____________________________________________________________________________________
__
ELECTRICAL SAFETY - STATIC ELECTRICITY
Most of us are familiar with static electricity. We all Preventing static electricity as an ignition source
have walked across the rug and reached for the can be accomplished through bonding, grounding,
door knob, only to have a spark jump from our or possibly substitution.
hand to the knob. We have also seen the effects of
"static cling," when our clothes cling together in Bonding is the process of connecting two or more
the dryer. conductive objects together by means of a
conductor. Grounding (earthing) is the process of
Static electricity, as a source of ignition for connecting one or more conductive objects to the
flammable vapors, gases, and dusts, is a hazard ground. If grounding or bonding is not possible,
common to a wide variety of industries in Alaska. A substituting may be an alternative.
static spark can occur when an electrical charge
accumulates on the surfaces of two materials that For example: some absorbent pads used in shops
have been brought together and then separated can produce a static spark when separated. If the
(between two solids, between a solid and a liquid, conditions are right a static spark could be a source
or between two immiscible liquids, i.e., incapable of of ignition for flammable vapors. By substituting a
mixing). non-conductive pad (3M - HP556) as an
alternative, the risk of static spark can be
One surface becomes charged positively and the eliminated.
other surface becomes charged negatively. If the
materials are not bonded or grounded, they Remember, taking the time to bond or ground
eventually will accumulate a sufficient electrical when working around flammable vapors, gases,
charge capable of producing a static spark that and dusts will help prevent a serious accident.
could ignite flammable vapors, gases, and dusts.
Some common processes capable of producing

a static ignition are as follows:
♦ The flow of liquids (petroleum or mixtures

of petroleum and water) through pipes or
fine filters.
♦ The settling of a solid or an immiscible

liquid through a liquid (e.g., rust or water
through petroleum).
♦ The ejection of particles or droplets from a

nozzle (e.g. water washing operations or
the initial stages of filling a tank with oil).
♦ The vigorous rubbing together and

subsequent separation of certain synthetic
polymers (e.g. the sliding of a
polypropylene rope through PVC gloved
hands).
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY - PORTABLE LIGHT STRINGS

Follow these precautions when using portable light strings:
• Inspect the wiring and fixtures before stringing the lights or before they are energized or plugged in. Make
sure the outer insulation is not damaged, the plug ends are intact, and the fixtures are not cracked.
• The light-string must be grounded. Make certain the plug has a ground prong. Never cut one off. The
quality of the ground must be tested frequently. A good ground could save your life if an electrical fault
develops, especially when working in wet conditions or on metal structures. If a Ground Fault Interrupter
(GFI) is available, use it. GFIs should always be used under wet conditions.
• Never string lights so they are near any combustible items. You know from experience, that bulbs get hot.
Even if they are not in direct contact with the combustible, heat can build up slowly until the ignition
temperature is reached.
• Make certain that all bulbs have guards installed. Not only will this help prevent the bulb from coming in
direct contact with a combustible, it can also protect you (or someone else) from coming in contact with the
bulb and getting burned.
• All fixtures must have an unbroken bulb installed. The bulb will help prevent you from coming in contact
with the exposed electrical conductors that are present when a bulb is missing or broken. When you change
a broken bulb, disconnect the power from the light-string and wear gloves to guard against cuts.
Never use an ordinary light string in an area that could contain flammable vapors. When used within an enclosed or
confined space, the space must be certified as "Safe for Hot Work" if a conventional string is used. If the atmosphere
is not "Safe for Hot Work", then "explosion-proof" lights must be used. Keep in mind, when you place any type of
lighting in an area where flammable vapors are present, you are introducing a source of ignition. This could
endanger your life. You will want to be especially careful during your inspection to make sure that the cord, all
plugs, the fixture and the globe are all in place. Don't forget the gasket at the bottom of the globe. Make sure
everything is clean and tight.
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
M.S.D.S
Reviewed:_____________________________________________________________________________________
__
Attended By:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
EMERGENCY EYE WASH & DELUGE SHOWERS
Let's hope you never need one, but if you do let's hope it's clean and accessible. If you get
foreign particles in your eyes or a chemical spill on your body, an emergency eyewash station or
deluge shower is the most important initial step in first-aid treatment. Chemical burns to the eye
are among the most urgent of emergencies.
An eyewash/shower is required if:
• The Material Safety Data Sheet indicates a chemical in use is caustic, toxic, or corrosive.
• The MSDS informs that serious eye damage may result.
• Warnings such as "causes chemical burns" or "causes permanent eye damage" are posted
on container labels.
Eyewash/showers in addition must have the following:
• Pure clean water

• Hands free operation
• Constant water flow rate for a full 15 minutes
• Highly visible markings and signs
• Unobstructed access
Accessibility: The single most important treatment for chemically-burned eyes is copious
irrigation within seconds of injury. This means that victims should not have to climb over or
around obstacles to find the eyewash station. Make sure there are no barriers to the unit.
Clean, Functional Equipment: Deluge showers should be inspected often to insure they function
properly with adequate water flow, and are clean and sanitary. Portable eyewash units are an
option in areas where plumbed in water is not accessible or of high enough quality. Portable
units also need an anti-bacterial additive to ensure proper water sanitation. Flushing with any
water is better than none, but purified water reduces potential for secondary eye infections.
Training in Proper Use: Employees who are exposed to possible chemical splashes must know in
advance how to use an eyewash/deluge station properly:
• Immediately after the accident, flood the eye with water or eyewash solution, using
fingers to keep the eye open as wide as possible. Water may be colder than body
temperature, which can be uncomfortable, but it is imperative to irrigate for the
recommended period of time.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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GENERAL SAFETY - EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITY

An effective Accident Prevention Program should include the defined responsibilities for management, supervisors,
and employees. Management, by law, has responsibility for the safety and health of all employees as well as
providing a safe workplace. Supervisors have responsibility for providing a safe work place as well as managing the
production issues. Now we need to address employee responsibilities and what those entail.
Employers and supervisors should expect the employees to be responsible. This starts with getting to work on time,
working safely through the day, and addressing concerns to their supervisor.
Suggested Areas of Responsibility
Employees are responsible to:
• Listen and learn from any training. Be an active participant in learning a job skill or safety issue.
• Ask for assistance if the training or instruction is not clear or you don't feel comfortable in performing the
task correctly and safely.
• Report unsafe acts and near misses immediately. Especially if the unsafe act is on going. This will help
keep the workplace safe for everyone.
• Address problems with the supervisor ASAP. BUT always try to give solutions to every problem. (You
may understand more than the supervisor about the problem and how to fix it.)
• Re-address issues with the supervisor on un-resolved topics discussed in the past. (The supervisor may
have forgotten about those topics.)
• Be an active member in the safety of the workplace. Participate in Safety Committee Meetings, Safety
Meetings, and when trained on a safety issue.
These are just a few areas employees should be responsible for. The list is endless. Try to develop other areas to
assist in safety and production. Bring these areas to the supervisor's attention and expect an answer. This input
should be appreciated.
The name of this game is clear and open communication between management, supervisors and employees. The
lack of communication is also one of the largest problems faced today in any workplace. Don't let this happen to you
and your company. Be responsible to see that it doesn't.
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
M.S.D.S
Reviewed:_____________________________________________________________________________________
__
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT ERGONOMICS
Is there a difference between men and women Prevention

in the incidence rate of MSDs?
Is it possible to eliminate or reduce MSDs and
There are some differences in the incidence rates. related costs?
However, this may merely reflect differences in
employment patterns. For example, the work force MSDs are often very easy to prevent. Redesigning
in highly repetitive data entry operations (which a workstation, or padding a tool handle are typical
may create upper extremity problems) is often of the fixes used in ergonomics programs. Practical
predominantly female. Therefore, it is difficult to experience in solving ergonomics problems is
separate the effect of biology from other plentiful.
demographic and economic factors.
Ergonomic interventions may include:
Is stress a factor in developing work-related  Adjusting the height of working surfaces to
musculoskeletal disorders? reduce long reaches and awkward
postures.
Some studies have shown a relationship between  Putting work supplies and equipment within
psychosocial factors and MSDs. Psychosocial comfortable reach.
factors, such as the amount of control over one’s  Providing the right tool for the job and the
job, appear to play a role. Control over how the job right tool handle for the worker.
is done is particularly important in situations where  Varying tasks for workers (e.g., job
the demands of the job are high. Examples are rotation).
tasks involving quotas or piecework compensation.  Encouraging short authorized rest breaks.
In these cases, the worker has little control, the job  Reducing the weight and size of items
is often highly stressful, and these conditions may workers must lift.
contribute to the development and reporting of  Providing mechanical lifting equipment.
MSDs. Supervisory and peer support at work may  Using telephone headsets.
also be an important factor in helping to reduce risk  Providing ergonomic chairs or stools.
factors for MSDs.  Supplying anti-fatigue floor mats.
Why are there so many more workrelated What are the essential elements of an effective
musculoskeletal disorder claims now than there ergonomics program?
were 20 years ago?
The following program elements are essential to
There have been MSDs for a long time. A an effective ergonomics program:
physician by the name of Bernardino Ramazzini
described them more than 250 years ago. There  Management Leadership and Employee
has been an increase in claims for these disorders Participation
over the last several decades. One reason for the  Hazard Information and Reporting
increase is changes in production rates. In many  Job Hazard Analysis and Control
industries, competitive pressures consistently  Training
increase production line speeds, which increases  MSD Management
repetitiveness and reduces rest breaks for tissues  Program Evaluation
to recover. An increase in public awareness may
also contribute to increased reporting.
Page 2 of 4
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT ERGONOMICS
What is an ergonomic computer keyboard? Return-to-Work

Computer keyboard manufacturers have started If a doctor says my employee cannot perform a
promoting certain keyboards as “ergonomic. job because of work-related musculoskeletal
Although some of this is advertising hype, a disorders, do I have any options?
number of innovative keyboard designs have been
developed. Most serious efforts at redesigning Yes. Ultimately, the best medicine for injured
keyboards have centered on minimizing wrist workers is to return to work as soon as safely
motions and awkward wrist postures. Such designs possible. Analysis of insurance claims shows that
may reduce risk factors such as wrist deviation. the longer a worker is in the industrial insurance
Some of these keyboards have documented system, the harder it is for him or her to return to
improvements in productivity (e.g.. typing rates), work.
but little research has been conducted to
demonstrate that “ergonomic” keyboards actually You are encouraged to develop strong return-to-
prevent injuries. Moreover, it is critical to work policies and procedures which provide
remember that issues of work organization can opportunities for employees who are temporarily
significantly affect the amount of time spent disabled due to on-the-job injuries.
keying, which may be the most important factor.
How heavy is too heavy a load?
It depends on a variety of factors. For example, a

weight held far from the torso is more stressful
than one held close to the torso. Lifts from floor
level or above the shoulders, and lifts that require a
person to twist the body also are more stressful.
Lack of, or poorly designed handles on the object
also can increase the stresses on the body. Loads
should be lighter when lifts are frequent.
The National Institute of Occupational Safety and

Health (NIOSH) has developed a Lifting Equation
for Manual Materials Handling, which provides a
method for calculating a recommended maximum
weight to be lifted under a variety of conditions.
Call 1-800-35-NIOSH (1-800-356-4674) or your
CNA Loss Control Representative for more
information.
Page 4 of 4
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - EYE INJURY PREVENTION

One thousand eye injuries occur in American workplaces every day. These injuries are responsible for over
$3,000,000.00 annually in medical, lost production and workers' compensation costs!!
Why are these injuries occurring?
• Three out of five injuries happen because the worker was not wearing any eye protection at the time of the
accident.
• About 40% of the injured workers were wearing some type of eye protection, but it was the wrong kind and
failed to protect adequately. The leading cause in this category is the lack of side shields.
• Accident studies reveal flying or falling objects and sparks as the cause in 70% of eye injuries. Nearly 60%
of the objects causing eye injury are smaller than a pin head.
• Nearly 20% of all eye injuries are caused by contact with chemicals. This includes splashing or chemicals
being sprayed directly into the eye.
• 40% of eye injuries occurred among craft workers, such as mechanics, repairers, carpenters, and plumbers.
30% of eye injuries occurred among operatives, such as assemblers, sanders, and grinding machine
operators.
• 50% of the injured workers were employed in manufacturing. 20% were employed in construction.
What can we do to prevent these injuries?
First of all make sure you select the proper eye protection for the task. 94% of the eye injuries that occurred to
workers wearing eye protection resulted from objects or chemicals going around or under the protector.
Second, make sure the eye protection you have selected fits properly and is clean. One of the leading reasons for
workers removing or not wearing eye protection is the lens became dirty and they could not see what they were
doing.
Nearly 20% of eye injuries happened to workers wearing face shields or welding helmets while grinding. Only 6%
of the workers injured while wearing eye protection were wearing goggles.
CHOOSE THE BEST PROTECTION, MAKE SURE IT FITS, KEEP IT CLEAN AND WEAR
IT!
Safety
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TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
EYE PROTECTION: PRESERVE YOUR VISION
This SMO is going to require some effort on your part! I'm assigning everyone a homework task.
But don't panic, this homework will be a piece of cake! What I'd like you to do on your way
home today is spend the evening observing the many beautiful things in this world! For just one
evening, stop taking your eyesight for granted! Let me suggest the following:
As you leave the workplace today, look up, down and all around, observing the beauty around
you. See the blue sky, the many shades of leaves in the trees, and the different birds that occupy
them. When you get home, watch your children playing in the yard and pay attention to how
their eyes light up when Daddy or Mommy gets home. Have you ever stopped to think how
wonderful your eyesight really is? Well, think about it. For about two minutes, close your eyes
completely and contemplate how life would be if you lost your eyesight! That's it-your
homework is complete! Did you come up with visions about how your life would change if you
couldn't see? Did they include any of the following?
• When you and your family are on vacation, they will have to describe the scenery to you.
• You would have to be led wherever you want to go.
• Your spouse would have to describe the way your children's eyes light up when they open their
presents at Christmas.
• No more leisurely activities such as hunting or fishing, watching movies or TV.
• No more driving the new truck you just bought.
Does this sound like something you want to go through? I didn't think so! Is there a way to
prevent this from happening? You bet-wear your eye protection! A recent article in Safety &
Health states that every day approximately 1,000 eye injuries occur in the U.S. OSHA estimates
that 90% of eye injuries are preventable through the proper use of safety eye wear. What does
this tell us? Many people are not wearing proper eye protection! Let's examine a few operations
that present eye hazards:
• Grinding, hammering, chiseling, wood working or any other activity that might cause large
fragments or small particles to fly through the air and into the eyes;
• Painting, spraying, sanding, metal working, spot welding or any process that may cause dust,
fumes or tiny particulate to become airborne;
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - GASOLINE
Gasoline is the most common flammable liquid manufactured and used. Because virtually everyone uses gasoline it
is often assumed that everyone is familiar with it's dangerous properties. However, as familiarity breeds contempt
(or at least carelessness) it may be a good idea to review this highly hazardous material. Here are some brief but
important items to remember when dealing with gasoline.
• Gasoline as a liquid does not burn. It is the vapors that the liquid gives off that burns.
• Vapors usually can not be seen but frequently travel long distances to a source of ignition. Thus the
gasoline can be located a great distance from an actual ignition source.
• Gasoline gives off enough vapor to flash, when exposed to an external ignition source at temperatures as
low as -450 F! In other words, hazardous vapors are almost always being released-unless you work in
temperatures colder than -450 F.
• Gasoline vapors are heavier than air. Vapors will settle to the ground and flow similar to a liquid. This is
why gasoline vapors tend to find their way into drains, sewer lines, basements and other low spots.
• Gasoline must be mixed with air before it can burn. It does not take much gasoline to make an ignitable
mixture. If the gas-to-air mixture contains as little as 1.4% gasoline by volume, it can be ignited with
explosive force.
• It has been said that the potential energy in a one gallon can of gasoline is equal to numerous sticks of
dynamite.
• A gasoline/air mixture can be ignited by a hot surface, a smoldering object such as a cigarette, an open
flame, or even a static spark.
• Practice good hygiene after handling gasoline. Wash hands and other areas that may have come in contact
with gasoline. Avoid prolonged inhalation of vapors as gasoline contains benzene, a known carcinogen.
What can you do to avoid a gasoline disaster? The following tips are good advice when handling or using gasoline.
• Never use gasoline for anything other than it's intended purpose, as a fuel. Never use it as a cleaning
solvent!
• Store gasoline in UL approved safety containers.
• Never smoke when anywhere near gasoline. Shut off all equipment before refueling and allow it to cool off
first. Inspect all fuel hoses, pipes and pumps frequently. Fix leaks now!
Gasoline was chosen as a fuel for the same reasons that make it so dangerous. It is easily vaporized, easy to ignite
and explodes powerfully when ignited. Never let yourself become complacent around this volatile liquid that we use
everyday.
Safety
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Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
E. COLI: FOOD SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

In the last few years a bacteria named E. coli has become a household name. What is E. coli? What dangers does it
present, and what are the precautions one should take to prevent being infected? Given recent, serious outbreaks of
illness, these are important questions.
Escherichia coli, more commonly called E. coli for obvious reasons, comes in many strains. E. coli normally lives in
the intestines of humans and other warm-blooded animals without causing disease or illness. However, the strain
called E. coli 0157:H7 is different. This strain, first linked to human illness in 1982, produces a dangerous toxin
which is very harmful to humans.
Anyone can contract E. coli, but elderly people and those under five years of age appear more likely to develop
serious infections. Infection can cause a complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). This is a disease in
which red blood cells are destroyed and the kidneys fail. The majority of people contracting HUS recover
completely, however it can be fatal.
The most common source of E. coli infection is red meat, especially ground beef which is rare or undercooked.
However, E. coli 0157:H7 has been found in other food items such as mayonnaise, unpasteurized milk, some
unpasteurized juices, and contaminated water. Person-to-person transmission of this bacteria is also on the rise. This
manner of transmission is typically from an infected child or adult who does not wash their hands thoroughly after
using the restroom.
What are the Symptoms. Symptoms of an E. coli infection appear about 3 days after exposure, although it can range
between 1 to 9 days. The symptoms of E. coli can be bloody or non-bloody diarrhea or abdominal cramps. Some
amount of blood is usually found in the stool as well. This infection usually causes little or no fever. Most infected
people will recover without medication in 5 to 10 days. Fluid and electrolyte replacement is important when diarrhea
is present or there are signs of dehydration. The use of antibiotics in fighting the disease are unproven to date. Anti-
diarrheal medication should be avoided.
There are several simple and straight forward ways to prevent being infected by E. coli 0157:H7:
• Do not eat undercooked ground beef. Cook it to at least 1600 F or until all pink is gone from the interior and
from any juices. Other meats have not yet been linked to E. coli outbreaks.
• Drink only pasteurized milk and milk products.
• Wash hands with hot, soapy water after using the restroom and before preparing food.
• Wash hands, utensils and surfaces with hot, soapy water after contact with raw meats and /or meat juice.
• Wash all fruits before eating. Low-acid, unpasteurized fruit juice is also considered a risk.
• When eating out, check hamburgers and ground beef for doneness. Return any food to the kitchen which is
not thoroughly cooked.
Safety
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Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
GENERAL SAFETY - BACKING INTO TROUBLE

When we are walking around on the job, particularly when handling material, we are subject to many dangers. Think
about the following scenarios and see if you have ever been in a similar position:
An employee was inside a truck removing empty drums onto the truck's elevator tail gate and lowering it. Another
employee was removing the drums and sending the elevator tail gate back up. The employee inside the vehicle had
his back to the tail gate as he pulled the next drum towards the tail gate - which he thought was even with the bed of
the truck. As he swung the drum into place and stepped onto what was now open space, he fell off the truck onto the
lowered gate. Following him down was the drum he was moving and he sustained additional injuries.
Two errors in judgment caught up with the victim. First, he ASSUMED that the tail gate had been returned to a safe
position. And despite the fact that he was moving a heavy, bulky item, he did not check to make sure of his safe
positioning. Second, he was working in an unwise manner: He moved backwards with a heavy object. There is
always the danger that the load may get out of control and cause an injury. A load should always be in front so you
can see where you are going, and so you will be in the clear if the load gets away from you.
In another incident, an employee was walking backwards directing a vehicle into an aisle-way inside a warehouse.
He did not see material on the lower rack sticking out into the aisle. He backed into and fell over the protruding
object. The truck continued to back up and pinned him against the rack before it could be stopped. A cut on the leg
and a badly bruised elbow was his reward for this unsafe act.
The employee was not watching where he was going. Making matters worse was an unsafe condition of an object
protruding into an aisle-way.
When you are on foot, it is always dangerous to move backwards, particularly when handling materials. It is quicker
and safer to move in a forward direction. Avoid moving backwards whenever you can. If you must move in a
backward direction, check your path before you move and as often as possible while moving.
BE SAFE OUT THERE!!
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
M.S.D.S
Reviewed:_____________________________________________________________________________________
__
Attended By:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
GENERAL SAFETY - CUTS AND BURNS

Nicks, cuts, scratches and burns. Minor injuries that can occur to any one of us no matter how careful we are. Minor
injuries to the skin that are often ignored. But it must be remembered that skin is a vital organ; one that should not
be ignored. Not only is skin the largest bodily organ, it also keeps the good stuff in and the bad stuff out. So what do
you do when you get a minor injury? If you are like many, you realize a doctor's visit is not necessary and try to
treat the injury yourself. How do you know when to seek professional treatment? How do you treat injuries that do
not require a doctor's visit?
Cuts: Cuts require immediate professional attention if:
• There is severe bleeding, especially arterial wounds, which literally pump blood from the body.
• Puncture wounds, such as those caused by a rusty nail or animal bite. These will require a tetanus booster
shot.
• Cuts more than one half inch long and one quarter inch deep, which will require stitches.
To treat any cuts, first stop the bleeding and then treat to prevent infection. Place a sterile gauze (or if you do not
have any gauze, a clean cloth) over the wound and hold it until the bleeding stops. Apply pressure continuously. If
the gauze or cloth soaks through, simply place another cloth over the first and resume the pressure. When the
bleeding has stopped, wash the cut with soap and water, followed by a disinfectant. If the bleeding does not stop, get
professional treatment. After the cut is clean, look for any foreign object(s) in the cut and remove them. If you do
not, a threatening infection may set in. To aid in keeping the wound clean while it heals, you can cover it with a
bandage. However, if you use a bandage, remember it will need attention too. Change it twice daily and use an
antibiotic cream to prevent further infection. Keep in mind that wounds exposed to air heal faster. But it is also very
important to keep a wound clean and dry to prevent infection.
Treatment for a scrape is the same, except you do not have to worry about stopping blood flow as there is very little.
Burns:
Burns are classified as first, second, or third degree. A first degree burn causes redness. Blistering is caused by a
second degree burn. Charred, blackened or blanched skin are signs of a third degree burn. Furthermore, burns can be
caused by heat (thermal burns) or by contact with chemicals. Seek professional, medical treatment for:
• All third degree burns.

• Second degree burns involving more than one fifth of the body or if the burn has affected the face, hands,
feet, or genitalia.
First aid treatment for a burn involves relief of pain, infection prevention and treatment or prevention of shock. If a
burn begins to blister, cool it by placing your hand or foot in cold, still (not running) water. You will need to use an
ice pack on any other part of the body. Gently clean the burn and cover the area with a sterile, non-stick gauze.
Change the dressing twice a day. Never puncture a blister. This just opens the door for infection. Never use butter,
oils, or petroleum jelly on burns.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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GENERAL SAFETY - SIGNS

You might see over 100 of them as you ride to work. Signs -- they are everywhere. How many of these do you
actually notice? Probably not many. That creates a problem. Not only do signs litter the streets, they may also be all
over your work place. Do you see them? Do you notice them? Do they mean something or do they just make the
work place look safer to the outsider?
Signs are placed to warn and educate. They are not simply decoration. Signs can be permanent or temporary. Signs
lose their impact if they address a hazard that no longer exists. Have you ever come across a barricaded area that has
remained barricaded even after the work is done? What happens? Pretty soon someone realizes there is no longer a
danger and starts using the area. After a while, everyone is. If this happens, barricades become something to ignore.
That is until someone gets hurt crossing a barricade placed around a hazard that is not obvious.
What is the lesson? If you place a temporary warning sign, directional sign, or barricade, when you are done with
the work, finish the job. Remove the sign. Remove the barricade. Do your part to keep warning devices meaningful.
So when should you place signs? In some cases sign placement is required by regulations. For example, an air
compressor is required to have a sign warning it could start at anytime. A sign warning against entry must be placed
at the entry to a confined space. As a rule of thumb, warning or cautionary signs should be posted whenever the
hazard is a danger to passersby or if the hazard may not be obvious to the untrained or unaware.
Just a one-word warning sign stating WARNING or CAUTION is not enough. Briefly explain, on the sign, what the
danger is. As an example: Warning--Confined Space--Do Not Enter or Warning, this machine may start
automatically at anytime.
Do not place unnecessary signs. Place necessary signs where they can be seen. Explain the danger. Remove the
signs when they are no longer needed. And remember, if you see a sign, read it and heed it! It is there for a reason.
Safety
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Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
M.S.D.S
Reviewed:_____________________________________________________________________________________
__
Attended By:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
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GENERAL SAFETY - CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)
Carbon monoxide is a clear, odorless gas What to do to prevent CO overexposure?

which is created by inefficient combustion
emissions. The most common sources in 1. Inspect the jobsite and remove any internal
industry are gasoline or diesel powered combustion machinery located near a
pressure washers, air compressors, forklifts or hatch or other opening that may cause
other petroleum fired machinery. exhaust fumes to enter the space.
The chemical makeup of CO is a carbon 2. VENTILATE, VENTILATE, VENTILATE! ! !

molecule linked to an oxygen molecule.
Carbon monoxide kills by binding up the 3. Frequently monitor workspaces for CO
hemoglobin in the blood. Since CO has an with testing equipment and observe
affinity for hemoglobin several hundreds of employees for signs of CO exposure.
times greater than the oxygen that is ever
present, that being about 200,000 parts per 4. Train workers about the early symptoms of
million in normal air. Therefore it takes only a CO exposure.
small amount of CO to bind up a large amount
of hemoglobin. This decreases the amount of
oxygen delivered to the tissues and without
oxygen, you will slowly suffocate to death.
What does this mean for workers? Carbon

Monoxide will affect workers as follows:
♦ Slight headache and dizziness

♦ Nausea
♦ Drowsiness and an euphoric
feeling
♦ Unconsciousness
♦ Death
The level of CO mandated by OSHA as the

maximum allowable for 8 hours is 50 parts per
million.
This is an extremely small amount of CO. To

put this into perspective, think of a room that
holds 1 million ice cubes and then remove 50
cubes from the room. Those 50 ice cubes are
the maximum amount allowed by OSHA for
workers to be exposed to over an 8 hour
period.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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GIVE NEW CO-WORKERS YOUR SUPPORT!
Once the initial orientation to the company is over and the basic requirements of the job and the
safety program have been covered, it's time to move the new employee into the work force and
introduce the people he or she will be working with. Co-workers play an important role in
getting the new person off to a good start.
What is a veteran employee's role when it comes to orienting a new employee? Remember that
new people are nervous to begin with-just starting a new job. They probably don't remember all
the instructions they are given and aren't familiar with the new surroundings. This is often a time
for information overload. So how can an experienced hand help out?
• Introduce yourself to this person, explain your job and offer assistance.
• Encourage the new hire to ask questions if he or she is not quite sure. Remember how hard it
was to admit you didn't know everything when you started a new job?
• Remember too, that the new person may be highly skilled and experienced in his or her trade,
but not necessarily used to your company's ways of doing things.
• Point out locations of first aid kits, fire extinguishers, restrooms & break rooms.
• Be sure your new co-worker is wearing the right PPE, and is using it properly.
• Volunteer to serve as a mentor to the new employee, to assure that safe work procedures are
understood and followed.
• If you spot this person doing something wrong, tactfully explain the proper procedures. It's
easier to do this if a "coaching" role has been assigned or agreed-upon.
• During lunch and breaks include him/her in the group so everyone can get better acquainted.
• Resist any temptation to complain about aspects of your job that you don't like-get the new
person started out on a positive note by passing on what's good about the company.
• Perhaps most importantly, lead by example with correct work habits.
Getting a new employee started off on the right foot is very important. Statistics indicate that up
to 60% of all job injuries occur to new employees with less than six months experience on the
job. Repeated, friendly reminders of safety procedures and work rules by a mentor can greatly
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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GOOD HYGIENE CAN KEEP YOU HEALTHY
Most of us learned the basics of good personal hygiene from our mothers when we were children. She started us on
good hygiene with the simple rule of washing our hands before we ate. As we have grown older, some of us may
have drifted away from our mother's wise advise.
In today's chemical laden workplaces, being even more conscientious about hygiene is the smart thing to do. Even
though washing our hands is a simple and logical task, it's still commonly overlooked.
What is on your hands gets ingested. How many times have you seen fellow workers smoke a cigarette while their
hands were covered with paint or grease? How about the workers who eat their lunch without washing their hands?
Not one of us would intentionally eat paint, or dip our cigarette into the paint bucket. Even so, that is basically what
is happening when you eat your sandwich or smoke a cigarette without washing your hands. In addition to tobacco,
smokers may be inhaling toxic substances that have been placed on the cigarette from their hands. Remember, when
paints, solvents or most any chemical is heated or burned, its chemical makeup is changed.
Cleaning your skin with solvents is never a good practice. Mechanics who use a solvent to clean their hands are
setting themselves up for a case of dermatitis or possibly becoming sensitized to the chemical or solvent. Before
using the solvent to clean with, think "what is the purpose of a solvent?" A solvent's purpose is to cut grease. When
it is used without protection such as gloves or barrier creams, it is degreasing the protective oils from your skin.
Clean clothing is a part of good hygiene. Maintaining good personal hygiene includes the clothes worn to work. A
worker wearing oily, greasy clothing, or clothes that have toxic chemicals spilled on them, is likely to experience
irritating rashes, boils or other skin problems. Work clothing should be changed daily. A daily shower and clean
clothing reduces the chances of skin problems. Remember, dirty clothes and skin carry chemicals to your home and
family.
First-aid begins with cleanliness. When we get a sliver, a nick, or a cut we typically go to the first-aid kit. We grab
an adhesive bandage, quickly put it on, and go back to work. Several days later we wonder why the small injury is
inflamed and infected. Don't ignore small injuries like these. The wounded area should be washed with soap and
water before the bandage goes on. Possibly an antiseptic should be placed on the wound as well. This simple trick
you first learned from your mom helps to keep the wound from becoming contaminated. To also help prevent a
small injury from getting to be a serious health hazard, keep your tetanus booster current. A small needle stick every
10 years is a small price to pay, in the prevention of infection.
Good personal hygiene all boils down to common sense. A daily shower, followed by clean clothing, and frequent
washing of hands…particularly before eating or smoking, goes a long way in keeping you healthy and safe.
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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HAND TOOL SAFETY

Hammers, wrenches, chisels, pliers, screwdrivers, and other hand tools are often underrated as sources of potential
danger. Hand tools may look harmless, but they are the cause of many injuries. In fact, an estimated 8 percent of all
workplace compensable injuries are caused by incidents associated with hand tools. These injuries can be serious,
including loss of fingers or eyesight.
Hand tools can cause many types of injuries:
1. Cuts, abrasions, amputations, and punctures. If hand tools are designed to cut or move metal and wood,
remember what a single slip can do to fragile human flesh.
2. Repetitive motion injuries. Using the same tool in the same way all day long, day after day, can stress
human muscles and ligaments. Carpal tunnel syndrome (inflammation of the nerve sheath in the wrist) and
injuries to muscles, joints and ligaments are increasingly common if the wrong tool is used, or the right tool
is used improperly. Injury from continuous vibration can also cause numbness or poor circulation in hands
and arms.
3. Eye injuries. Flying chips of wood or metal are a common hazard, often causing needless and permanent
blindness.
4. Broken bones and bruises. Tools can slip, fall from heights, or even be thrown by careless employees,
causing severe injuries. A hammer that falls from a ladder is a lethal weapon.
To avoid such injuries, remember the following safety procedures:
1. Use the right tool for the job. Don't use your wrench as a hammer. Don't use a screwdriver as a chisel, etc.
Go back to the tool house and get the right tool in the right size for the job.
2. Don't use broken or damaged tools, dull cutting tools, or screwdrivers with worn tips.
3. Cut in a direction away from your body.
4. Make sure your grip and footing are secure when using large tools.
5. Carry tools securely in a tool belt or box. Don't carry tools up ladders. Use a hoist or rope.
6. Keep close track of tools when working at heights. A falling tool can kill a co-worker.
7. Pass a tool to another person by the handle; never toss it to them.
8. Use the right personal protective equipment (PPE) for the job. Follow company instructions for selecting
and using safety eyewear, steel toed shoes, gloves, hard hats, etc.
9. Never carry sharp or pointed tools such as a screwdriver in your pocket.
10. Select ergonomic tools for your work task when movements are repetitive and forceful.
11. Be on the lookout for signs of repetitive stress. Early detection might prevent a serious injury.
12. Always keep your tools in top condition. A dull blade or blunt point can lead to injury.
13. Store tools properly when you stop work.
By following these precautions, you can help prevent injuries and provide a better workplace for everyone.
Remember, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure!
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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HAZARD AWARENESS THE LITTLE THINGS COUNT

Most of us have probably heard the old saying, "It's the little things that count."
There are many small things that influence our lives, and ignoring them can sometimes have serious consequences --
particularly when it comes to safety. We have all been trained to watch out for the big hazards that could harm us,
but the little ones can sometimes cause serious injuries too.
One company became very concerned when its accident frequency showed a large increase over a three-month
period. Management began an in-depth check of systems, equipment, and material that are considered to be high-
hazard: heavy machinery, ventilation, toxic substances, machine guarding, etc.
To everyone's surprise, none of these things were the cause of their accidents. Chemicals were properly labeled and
stored; machines were in good repair and properly guarded; the exhaust fans, sprinkler systems, respirators, etc.,
were all in good working order. Instead, accidents stemmed from a variety of "little things" that had been ignored
until an injury occurred. For example, they found that serious falls had been caused by:
• A puddle of oil on the floor from a leaking forklift. No one had poured absorbent on the spill because it was
"too small to worry about." It wasn't too small, however, to make a passing employee slip and fall when he
didn't notice it. (Furthermore, the leaking forklift needs to be repaired so this accident won't happen again.)
• A box of supplies that had been left on the floor in front of a shelf, instead of properly stored. It had been
walked around dozens of times before someone finally tripped over it.
• A ladder that was placed in front of an outward-opening door "just for a minute" to change a light bulb. It
was knocked over by another worker coming through the door, and both he and the worker on the ladder
were injured.
All these "accidents waiting to happen" had been ignored because they didn't really seem that dangerous to the
workers involved. Employees all knew about, and carefully avoided, the major hazards found when repairing
energized electrical equipment or bypassing machine guards.
We often intend to report a defective tool, extension cord, or stepladder to the maintenance department but don't take
the time, or forget about. It is important to follow through on our good intentions, since these are just the sort of
"little things" that can result in a serious injury to ourselves or to other workers.
Minor injuries left untreated are also "little things" that can cause big trouble if ignored. "Just a scratch" can become
infected; a speck of dust in the eye can scratch the cornea and cause severe eye damage if not attended to. So, be
sure to report even seemingly minor injuries and get appropriate first aid treatment.
Little things do count and if we take a few minutes to pay attention to all the potential hazards around us we can
prevent serious injuries from happening to ourselves and other employees.
Safety
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TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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GENERAL SAFETY -- HAZARD AWARENESS

A hazard is defined as a condition or changing set of circumstances that presents a potential for injury, illness, or
property damage. The potential or inherent characteristics of an activity, condition, or circumstance which can
produce adverse or harmful consequences.
An accident is defined as an unfortunate event often the result of carelessness or ignorance. An unforeseen and
unplanned event or circumstance usually resulting in an unfavorable outcome.
There are some key words in these definitions: Unplanned; Unforeseen; Unfortunate; Unfavorable and most
importantly POTENTIAL!
I met a person the other day who had fallen from a height of 25 feet. He was fortunate to have escaped this accident
with only a badly broken leg. A few weeks ago a worker fell just a couple of feet off a ladder and he passed away.
Both of these situations have been discussed to the limit and on several occasions I heard people refer to luck, good
and bad! Well, the last time I looked, luck was not an effective accident prevention or loss control technique.
For an unplanned or unforeseen event to take place, there has to be potential!. Complacency and taking things for
granted are causes of a tremendous number of injuries each year. Recognizing hazards and doing something about
them is everyone's responsibility!
So as you begin work, ask yourself:
• Do I have the right tools/equipment for the job?
• Have I inspected my tools/equipment to make sure they are in good repair or am I trying to get by?
• Is the work laid out to provide safe completion of the job?
• Are the materials I am using safe, and do I need additional personal protective equipment such as: safety
glasses, gloves, hard hat, respirator, etc.?
• Is there a safer way to accomplish the task?
• Are all necessary equipment guards in place?
• Are written procedures such as lockout/tagout being followed?
BE AWARE OF THE POTENTIAL HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH YOUR WORK AND

MAKE YOUR CHOICES CAREFULLY!!
Safety
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TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERES IN CONFINED SPACES
Employees in many industries enter a variety of confined spaces for inspections, testing, repair or cleaning. A
confined space is any area that: (a) has limited openings for entry and exit; (b) may contain or produce toxic air
contaminants; (c) has a high concentration of an inert gas; (d) is not intended for continuous occupancy; and (e) may
have an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. All such spaces must be analyzed and tested before entry. Workers should
also be trained to understand the hazards that may be found in these spaces. A few of the potentially hazardous gases
are:
Freon® - This is a non-flammable liquid used primarily as a solvent for flushing a space or can be found as a gas in
refrigeration systems. To prevent release, all refrigeration and transfer systems must be leak free. When working
with Freon, there must be an alarm device in the area to warn of dangerous airborne concentrations. Since Freon is
heavier than air, vapors will settle along the floor. Because of this, if the Freon alarm sounds or if you discover a
leak, stand upright as you leave the area.
Carbon monoxide - This gas is usually produced by the exhaust of an engine or heater. It is colorless, odorless,
tasteless, and deadly. If the air you breathe contains carbon monoxide, the gas interferes with your body's ability to
utilize the oxygen that is in your lungs. In other words, you can still breath, but it does not do you any good.
Unconsciousness, and often death, comes very quickly. Keep any fuel burning devices out of, and away from,
confined and enclosed spaces.
Hydrogen sulfide - This is the colorless gas with a rotten egg smell. You may think that the smell alone would give
you plenty of warning that the gas is present. Beware--it doesn't! After a whiff or two, in higher concentrations, the
gas can desensitize your sense of smell, depending on the concentration, so you no longer detect the warning odor.
Hydrogen sulfide is released during the decay of organic matter found in muds, sewage, etc., and is often prevalent
during oil & gas drilling. It is heavier than air, so stay high if you suspect a problem and are trying to escape. Keep
an eye out for blackened brass or copper pipes and fittings. Such indications could indicate that hydrogen sulfide gas
is now present, or may have been in the past.
Carbon dioxide - Decaying animal or vegetable matter can create this gas, the gas may have been used to inert a
space, or it may have leaked from a fire suppression system. The gas is odorless, colorless, and displaces the oxygen
within the space, which can be fatal.
Ammonia -- This gas has good warning properties because it is extremely irritating to the eyes, nose, and moist skin.
When exposure is gradual, most people are driven from the area before injury can occur. However, if the exposure is
extensive or prolonged, severe irritation to the respiratory tract can result in respiratory arrest and death. If the odor
of ammonia is strong, it is a sign that a leak exists, and must have attention before the space is entered.
Welding gases - Acetylene, oxygen, argon, and helium are all gases used in welding that might find their way into a
confined space and threaten your life. These all have different properties and dangers but they most often enter a
confined space due to a simple error, such as leaving an unused welding hose in the space. Never leave a welding
gas hose in a confined space--even if it's turned off. It is too easy for someone to turn a wrong valve by mistake, and
release gas that becomes a killer.
Safety
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TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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HAZARDS OF SOLVENTS
We use solvents practically every day in our lives. At work, we may use or be exposed to solvents when we come in
contact with paints, coatings, while using dip tanks, thinners, degreasers, cleaners, glues or mastics. As a result of
this widespread usage, it is important to know some of the hazards that are associated with the group of chemicals,
generally called "solvents."
For practical purposes a solvent is simply a liquid capable of dissolving specific solids or liquids. As you know,
there are solvents that we use daily that are hazardous. Petroleum based solvents are the most common type used in
industry. Therefore, as part of your job, it's important for you to understand the hazards of working with or around
solvents.
Exposure and over-exposure to a solvent can come from various methods. The routes of entry may include:
• Absorption by direct contact on the skin. If there are no "barriers" between the solvent and your skin, the
solvent can be absorbed through your skin.
• Inhalation by breathing solvent vapors. Breathing in the solvent vapors can quickly result in the chemical
getting into your body and bloodstream via your lungs.
• Ingestion from literally eating the chemical by not practicing good hygiene after handling solvents. Direct
contact with your hands and mouth through eating or smoking may result in unexpected ingestion of
solvents.
• Puncture of the skin by a tool or other object which has a coating of solvent. Punctures can result in the
direct introduction of toxic chemicals into your body.
Overexposure to solvents can cause a variety of ailments. Depending on the type of solvent you are exposed to, the
body will react in different ways. Skin contact may result in minor skin rashes or an allergic reaction resulting in
"chloracne." This happens when the solvent dissolves the skin's natural oils. Some workers can develop a
sensitization to a particular product or chemical. Sensitization results in the entire body being "overly" sensitive to a
particular chemical or product. After sensitization has occurred, even a very slight exposure can result in adverse or
serious reactions. Serious overexposures can lead to illnesses resulting in organ or tissue damage.
As with any chemical or product, important information is contained in the product's Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS). The MSDS provides information on safe use, handling, disposal and protection methods among other
information.
Solvents are very useful in our everyday lives. If we take the time to learn more about them, we can be better
prepared to properly use them, protect ourselves and effectively get our job done.
If you are unsure of the solvent or product that you are using, ask questions or check the MSDS.
Safety
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Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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HAZCOMM vs. HAZMAT vs. HAZARDOUS WASTE

What Is The Difference?????
AT LAST REPORT there were 213,000 chemicals and chemical compounds being used in this country. And each
year thousands of new chemical compounds are produced, and become part of our lives at home and at work. Nearly
1.5 billion tons of hazardous materials are transported annually in the U.S., over the road or by rail, aircraft or
vessel. A lot of these products improve our lives, but many are harmful to our health and to the environment. The
trouble is, these substances become so common to us, we are in danger of using them casually.
A hazardous material is defined as: "A substance (gas, liquid or solid) capable of creating harm to people, the
environment, and property." Examples are: solvents, paints, gasoline, adhesives and lubricants. They include
materials as common as Drano and as toxic as nuclear fuel. Many people have suffered serious health problems from
exposure to hazardous materials. Many areas of our environment have been critically damaged by accidental
chemical releases. Trying to understand all the government agencies that regulate these matters is mind-boggling.
But, we must all understand the potential harm in these materials, and how to use them and dispose of them
properly.
DEFINITIONS:
The term HAZCOM refers to the Hazard Communication Standard, which requires that employees receive training
about the chemicals they use in their work. This is sometimes called the "Workers' Right To Know" program.
OSHA requires all employers to implement this program.
• The term HAZMAT is often used when discussing the transport or clean up of hazardous materials, but it
actually can mean any aspect of hazardous materials production, transport, use, disposal, cleanup, or
emergency response. OSHA and the EPA are major agencies of concern.
• HAZARDOUS WASTE is a contaminated chemical or by-product of a production process that no longer

serves its purpose and needs to be disposed of in accordance with the Environmental Protection Agency.
This could include small amounts of chemicals such as parts washing solvents in a machine shop, or large
amounts of construction by-products.
• HAZWOPER refers to training that deals with hazardous waster operations and emergency response to
chemical spills or releases.
A FEW THINGS TO REMEMBER ABOUT HAZARDOUS MATERIALS:
• Manufacturers must provide a Material Safety Data Sheet with all hazardous products they sell..
• Materials in transport must be properly labeled, e.g., flammable, explosive, radioactive, etc.
• The MSDS must be available to any employee who works with or transports such products.
• The MSDS explains the physical and health effects of hazardous substances and how to avoid harm.
• The MSDS explains procedures for spills, leaks and disposal.
• Hazardous materials or by-products such as gases cannot always be seen or smelled.
• Internal or external harm from exposure does not always appear immediately.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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HEAD INJURIES - AFTER THE FALL
You can work for years and hardly get a scratch, then one day a fall can turn your life around.
Fall injuries may cause abrasions, fractures and dislocations. However, the one of the most
serious result of a fall, other than death, can be a head injury. How this will affect you depends
upon which part of your brain has been injured as a result of a fall or impact. Broken bones
usually heal, but head injuries can result in life long serious problems, such as:
• Changes in personality, such as increased anxiety, depression or anger.

• Difficulties with eye and hand coordination, and inability to handle tools or play sports
well.
• Defects in vision and visual illusions.
• Short-term memory loss or interference with long term memory.
• Increased aggressive behavior.
• Difficulty in distinguishing left from right.
• Changes in social behavior
How You Fall Often Determines Your Specific Injury.
From the time a worker loses a secure grip, footing or balance, until impact, several factors
influence what part of the body will be injured and how severe the damage will be. They are:
• Distance of the fall - momentum and velocity effect the impact on your body.
• The angle of the body at impact - we're not like cats landing on all fours.
• The obstacles the body strikes - what if you fall on railings, steps, or vehicles?
• The surface eventually landed on - will it be a pile of hay, or broken concrete & re-bar?
What You Can Do: THINK!
• Help remind your co-workers to play it safe and avoid taking risks.
• Report unsafe conditions to the nearest supervisor.
• Make it a habit to work safely, regardless of time pressures and productivity goals.
• Practice caution at home - accidents and head injuries from falls happen more often off
the job than at work.
• Know how to use fall protection and fall restraint equipment. Never say, "I don't need to
fool around with that stuff-I'll only be up there a minute."
Stay Alert! Head injuries can have devastating

consequences that may impact your life forever.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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HEARING PROTECTION
Noise is unwanted sound that can effect job performance, safety, and your health. Psychological
effects of noise include annoyance and disruption of concentration. Physical effects include loss
of hearing, pain, nausea, and interference with communications when the exposure is severe.
Hearing protection is essential when noise exposures can't be controlled at their source. Both
earplugs and earmuffs provide a physical barrier that reduces inner ear noise levels inner ear and
prevent hearing loss from occurring. However, people often resist wearing these or use them
incorrectly.
Employees resist wearing hearing protection more than any other type of personal protective
equipment. One reason is, they don't think they really need it. But hearing loss occurs so
gradually (even in intense exposures) that by the time you notice it, irreversible damage has
already occurred. Another reason for not wearing hearing protection is that it can feel
uncomfortable. Sometimes workers "spring" the muffs so they don't seal properly against the
head, or snip off the inner portion of ear plugs leaving only the outer end to fool their supervisor.
If you feel the need to do this, see your supervisor about obtaining a different type or style that
fits you correctly and comfortably.
Slight initial discomfort may be expected when a good seal between the surface of the skin and
the surface of the ear protector is made. The amount of protection you obtain depends on
obtaining a good seal and even a small leak can substantially reduce the effectiveness of the
protector. Remember to check the seal several times each day. Protectors - especially ear plugs -
have a tendency to work loose as a result of talking or chewing, and must be resealed
occasionally.
Properly designed, fitted, and clean ear protectors will cause no more discomfort to most workers
than wearing a pair of safety glasses. Earplugs are made of soft material such a neoprene to
prevent injury to the ear canal. Skin irritations, injured eardrums, or other adverse reactions from
using ear plugs are very rare if they are kept reasonably clean.
There are many different styles, types, and brands of ear protectors available, but when correctly
fitted, they all provide similar levels of protection. The best hearing protector for you is one that
fits correctly so that you can wear it properly.
Some signs that you should be wearing hearing protection include:
1. If it is necessary for you to speak in a very loud voice, or shout directly into the ear of a person
to be understood, it is likely that the noise level is high enough to require hearing protection.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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HEALTH & SAFETY - HEAT STRESS DISORDERS

Although summer heat is the largest cause of heat distress disorder, it may also occur when workers are exposed to
confined areas such as pipelines, shipboard spaces with limited ventilation, and any confined area involving welding
or cutting.
Symptoms
The symptoms of heat stress disorders are very slow to start, but increase in intensity if precautions are not taken.
The onset of the initial symptoms are mild and usually involve headaches, thirst, and tiredness.
Heat stress can move to heat stroke, a life-threatening medical emergency, quickly when the body's natural cooling
system breaks down and causes the body core temperature to rise and overheat the brain. Some of the symptoms of
heat stroke are immense thirst, severe headaches, disorientation, dry/hot skin (no sweating) and possibly collapse.
Treatment/Prevention
The following ideas may aid in combating heat stress disorders:
1. Employees accustomed to working in the heat are better candidates for job assignments where heat stress
disorders may occur.
2. Until employees acclimate to the high temperatures, allow them to take frequent breaks to cool down.
3. Employees should be rotated from the exposure area to a non-exposure area on a regular basis to help in avoiding
heat stress symptoms.
4. Employees should be encouraged to drink plenty of fluids (water, Gatorade, Powerade, etc.) to replace
electrolytes. Employees should not drink any carbonated beverages (Coke, Pepsi, etc.) as these only increase
dehydration and give a false sense of being properly hydrated. Also, the use of alcohol the evening before the work
shift, can lead to dehydration even before heat exposure.
If an employee appears to be suffering from heat stress disorder, remove him or her from the heat and provide a
cool, shaded place to rest. If the employee is disoriented or non-responsive, call for medical attention immediately.
The goal is to recognize the hazards and symptoms of heat stress disorders and stop them before they occur.
Remember, there is no better cure than prevention, and heat stress disorders can occur in winter as well as summer.
Safety
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Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
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HEAVY EQUIPMENT SAFETY
Operation of heavy equipment such as excavators, loaders, graders, rollers, and bulldozers, should always be done
by highly skilled operators who have demonstrated the ability and necessary skills to operate safely. Ground-based
workers should be trained in how to work safely around the equipment, and how to stay clear. Unsafe practices by
either the operator or those around the equipment can create very dangerous situations. Serious injuries can occur if
the equipment strikes a worker, or if the equipment is rolled over.
Here are a few common safety rules for operators and ground based workers to consider:
1) Good communication is essential. A standardized set of hand signals should be used by the operator and signal
person. Operators should always know exactly where all ground based workers are located, and the wearing of high
visibility vests will help the operator to locate them quickly. The equipment should have a back up warning alarm
that can be heard by all nearby workers. Two-way radios are also valuable communication tools.
2) Heavy equipment must have a rollover protective structure (ROPS) meeting OSHA requirements. The ROPS is
designed to protect the operator if the machine tips over. A seat belt must be worn so that the operator will not be
thrown out of the seat during a rollover or upset situation. If working on slopes, try to avoid moving across the face
of the slope. Try to operate up and down the slope face if possible. Use extreme caution when operating near open
excavations.
3) Wear hearing protection when required. If it has been determined that noise levels around the equipment could
potentially cause hearing loss, always use protective plugs or muffs when working on or around the equipment.
4) Never jump onto or off the equipment. Operators should always use the three-point contact rule when climbing
onto or off heavy equipment. The three-point rule means having both feet and one hand, or one foot and both hands
in contact with the ladder access at all times.
5) Inspect and service the equipment regularly. Complete equipment service in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendation. Periodic safety inspections on all components of the equipment should be done regularly by
qualified personnel. Inspect the steering system and brake systems carefully. A pre-shift walk around inspection by
the operator is highly recommended.
Injury accidents involving heavy equipment on construction sites have a higher probability of resulting in a fatality
than many other types of accidents. It is critical to follow all of your company's safety rules and procedures when
operating or working around heavy equipment.
Safety
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Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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HOUSEKEEPING IS SAFE-KEEPING AT WORK

"You never get a second chance to make a good first impression." Never has this phrase been so true as when it
comes to housekeeping at work. The negative impressions and implications of poor housekeeping can affect you and
co-workers for a long time to come. Morale is lowered for most people who must function every day in a messy,
disorderly work environment, although they may not be aware of the cause.
Safety is an even more critical issue. If your housekeeping habits are poor, the result may be employee injuries-or
even death, citations by OSHA (or another regulatory agency), and even difficulty in securing future work. How can
such a "minor" issue have such serious consequences?
Here are some results of poor housekeeping practices:
• Injuries, when employees trip, fall, strike or are struck by out-of-place objects;
• Injuries from using improper tools because the correct tool can't be found;
• Lowered production because of the time spent maneuvering over and around someone else's mess, and time
spent looking for proper tools and materials;
• Time spent investigating and reporting accidents that could have been avoided;
• Fires due to improper storage and disposal of flammable or combustible materials and wastes;
• Substandard quality of finished products because of production schedule delays, damaged or defective
finishes, ill-equipped employees, etc.;
• Lack of future work due to a reputation for poor quality;
• "Wall-to-wall" OSHA inspections due to the "first impression" of the compliance officer.
General housekeeping rules to remember are:
• Clean up after yourself. Pick up your trash and debris and dispose of it properly, or place it where it will not
pose a hazard to others. Institute a routine cleaning schedule.
• Keep your work area clean throughout the day. This will minimize the amount of time needed to clean a
"larger mess" at the end of the day.
• Dispose of combustibles and flammables properly. If improperly discarded, they will increase the potential
for a fire.
• Remove protruding nails and other sharp objects or hammer them flat to prevent someone from stepping on
them or snagging themselves.
• Stack materials and supplies orderly and secure them so they won't topple.
Do you value your health and safety, your work reputation, as well as your future employment? If you do, practice
these general housekeeping rules.
An uncluttered workplace shows respect for those who work there. Help keep it that way!
Safety
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TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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CTD's -- HOW CAN YOU PREVENT THEM?
Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD's) are strains that may result from long-term repetitive
motion or from continually working in an awkward position. Strains commonly occur in the
wrists, arms, shoulders or back, affecting the body's joints and surrounding muscles and tendons.
CTD's are said to be today's fastest growing occupational problem, affecting all types of
employees, from computer operators to construction workers. Modern equipment, tools and
machinery have increased production capabilities in many ways. But in some cases, they have
also increased the potential for strain injuries in people. These disorders not only cause great
discomfort, they can also affect a person's employability and personal lifestyle choices.
SUGGESTIONS FOR REDUCING YOUR EXPOSURE TO CTD's:
• Do warm-up exercises before beginning physically demanding tasks (take a tip from
athletes).
• Plan ahead, if you will be doing a job that is awkward--think of ways to make it easier.
• Rotate your work position, to change how muscles are used during your work shift.
• Use the proper tool for the job to avoid awkward movements and the need for
overexertion.
• Take a rest break when fatigue sets in. Just a few minutes can make a difference.
• Carefully stretch tired or overworked muscles to improve circulation and relieve tension.
• When appropriate, use anti-shock or anti-vibration gloves, back supports, wrist supports,
or other personal protective equipment that helps prevent cumulative trauma.
• Always use proper lifting techniques. Back strain is one of the most common CTD's.
• When using hand tools keep your wrists in a "neutral" position, as opposed to repeatedly
bending them up, down or sideways during work tasks.
• Just because a co-worker is not affected by a physically demanding task, don't ignore
messages your body sends you. Although humans share many physical characteristics,
people are often different in terms of their physical strengths and weaknesses.
All muscle discomfort and fatigue is not a cumulative trauma disorder. Everyone experiences
occasional aches and pains from both work and play-especially when you are not used to the
activity. Nevertheless, awkward, repetitive work positions can result in long-term physical
problems, so it's up to you to avoid these in whatever ways you can. If the ache doesn't go away
within a day or two, follow the above suggestions.
If you have early symptoms of chronic discomfort, report it immediately to your supervisor. The
sooner a better tool or work position can be incorporated into your work activities, the sooner
those symptoms can be controlled.
How to Conduct a Tool Box Talk eHow_com_html#ixzz202YVPVbt.mht

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INFECTIOUS DISEASE & FIRST AID TREATMENT
We may all find it necessary, at some time in the future, to help a co-worker who has been
seriously injured and is bleeding. It is natural to be most concerned with helping the injured
person at this time, but you should also think about protecting yourself from infection. Many
diseases, such as AIDS and Hepatitis, can be transmitted from saliva-to-blood, or from blood-to-
blood contact. Individuals may have such a disease and not know it, because of the long
incubation period. They may have contracted an infectious disease through blood transfusion or
exposure to food that has been handled by an infected person. Don't add another route for
infection-unprotected first aid assistance.
Always follow "universal precautions" when there is a potential for contacting another's body
fluids. This term means that "all injured persons should be considered as if they are infected with
a bloodborne pathogen when administering first aid or medical attention."
 One of the best ways to protect yourself when giving first aid is by wearing rubber or latex
gloves. This not only protects you, but protects the injured person from additional risk of
infection as well. Even small finger cuts or abrasions on your hands could provide entry for a
virus or bacteria.
 All first aid kits should be stocked with rubber gloves that are packaged individually so they
remain sanitary. Gloves should never be re-used.
 First aid kits should also be stocked with face masks and glasses. If there is a chance of
blood splattering, cover your mucous membranes-mouth, nose and eyes-with a mask and
goggles. A dust mask or respirator will do in a pinch.
 Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation offers another potential for exposure to infectious disease.

You can protect yourself through the use of a disposable microshield or S-tube, as they are
sometimes called, which should also be supplied in first aid kits. These plastic devices prevent
saliva transfer and limit the potential for infection from a variety of infectious diseases.
 Blood-contaminated gloves, clothing, bandages and absorbent materials should be properly

deposited in leakproof containers that are clearly marked with the red biohazard symbol.
 Wash hands and other exposed skin immediately and thoroughly with soap and warm water
if you've been exposed to blood or body fluids. To be safe, you should also be tested for
pathogens.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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INSPECT YOUR SLINGS
Inspecting your synthetic web slings prior to use is one of the easiest ways to prevent a serious
accident from occurring. By adhering to the following suggestions, you can spot potential
problems before you find yourself, literally, over your head in trouble.
1. Inspect your equipment before, during and after use.
This increases your chance of catching a defective sling before anyone uses it.
2. What do you look for when you inspect a sling?
Look for obvious abnormalities in the integrity of the material. Run your hands along the fabric
and feel for irregularity such as tears, holes, snags and frayed areas. If your sling is exposed to
sharp edges, broken and/or worn stitches may be evident. Most slings are made with a red
warning string in the core of the material. If the sling is heavily worn, the warning string will
show through. Also, check the fittings to make sure they are not distorted out of normal shape.
3. What if you find something defective about a sling?
Take it out of service immediately. Don't use it for even one more pick. Cut it into pieces and
throw it away! Also, do not use it at home! If you wouldn't use a defective sling at work, why
would you use it at home?
3. Do chemicals or heat affect slings?
Yes! Slings can be affected by chemicals without showing any real signs of wear. This is where a
good visual and hands-on inspection can pay off. Know what chemicals your slings are
contacting and how they affect the material your slings are made of. Check for burns or melted
areas when working around hot work operations. Remember, your sling is made from man-made
materials, and all synthetics break down after prolonged exposure to the ultraviolet rays of the
sun. Inspect carefully for such damage.
4. Know the rating of your sling.
Your sling is marked to show the trademark or name of the manufacturer, the stock number and
most importantly, the load rating and types of hitches to be used. If the specifications on the sling
do not match what you will be doing with it, this sling is not rated for your purpose! Do not use if
it isn't rated for the capacity you need!!!
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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EQUIPMENT HAZARDS - INSPECTION AND USE OF SLINGS

Each day before being used, all slings, fastenings and attachments must be inspected for damage or defects. Any
damaged or defective sling must be immediately removed from service. Some general safe operating practices for
slings of all types are:
• Slings, which are damaged or defective, shall not be used.
• Slings shall not be shortened with knots, bolts or other makeshift devices.
• Sling legs shall not be kinked.
• Slings shall not be loaded in excess of their rated capacities.
• Slings used in a basket hitch shall have the load balanced to prevent slippage.
• Slings shall be securely attached to their loads.
• Slings shall be padded or protected from all sharp edges of their loads.
• Suspended loads shall be kept clear of all obstructions.
• All persons shall be kept clear of suspended loads or those about to be lifted.
• Hands or fingers shall not be placed between the sling and its load while the sling is being tightened around
the load.
• Shock loading is prohibited.
• A sling shall not be pulled from under a load when the load is resting on the sling.
Synthetic web slings shall be removed from service if one or more of the following conditions are present:
• Acid or caustic burns; melting or charring of any part of the sling surface.
• Snags, punctures, tears or cuts.
• Broken or worn stitches.
• Distortion of fittings.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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GENERAL SAFETY - IT'S YOUR DECISION

Most of us like to get our work done with the least amount of effort, and as quickly as possible. We all want to get
the most work out of the energy we use on the job. This is good because it often results in discovering newer and
more efficient ways of getting our job done.
This energy-saving attitude can also be bad if we make a wrong decision and take dangerous shortcuts. All of us at
sometime or another have exposed ourselves to possible injury by taking a shortcut when, with a little extra effort,
we could have done it the safe way. When we were kids, we took shortcuts by jumping the fence instead of using the
gate. Now that we are adults we do it by crossing the street between the intersections. Why? Because we want to get
there as quickly as possible, and use the least amount of energy we can while doing it.
There is no doubt about it, the safe way is not always the shortest or quickest way. The safe way usually takes some
extra effort while the unsafe way often appears to be more efficient at the time. When we are faced with these
situations, each one of us will make a conscious decision about what actions we will take next.
Sometimes we talk ourselves into taking an unsafe shortcut by flawed reasoning. We convince ourselves that it is
worth taking the risk because we're in a hurry and can probably get away with it this time without being injured.
After all, we have done it before and were not injured then.
Take the electrician I saw the other day who was working on a ladder. He was almost finished with the job except
for a little work that he could do only by reaching a little farther than he knew was safe. He knows he will be taking
a chance, so he has to make a decision whether to get down and move the ladder or to take a shortcut.
Suppose he takes the shortcut. He may get away without having an accident, or he may fall and suffer an injury that
will change his whole life - or even end it. Whatever the result, his decision to take a chance is not a good one.
Whether he wins or loses this time; risking his neck to save a few minutes' time is rolling the dice - a gamble that he
will, eventually, lose.
When you get right down to it though, I don't really think most of us take shortcuts to save time as much as we do it
because the safe way is just too much trouble. Like using the wrong tool because it's too much trouble to get the
right one. Like climbing the rebar because it's too much trouble to get a ladder. Or maybe like lifting more than you
know is safe because it's too much trouble to get someone to help you.
Or maybe it's like the guy I saw the other day swinging around like a monkey on the side of some forms, holding on
with one hand while trying to strip forms with the other, all because it's too much trouble to go get a safety belt and
tie off like he knows he should. Or how about another guy that was chipping concrete without safety goggles
because it was too much trouble to go hunt up a pair.
Remember, you always have a choice, but only you can decide to do it the safe way. The safe way
is usually not the shortest or quickest way, but it's your decision.
Safety
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TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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LADDER SAFETY
We have all worked with ladders at some time in our lives, either at work or at home. The
following are some tips that may make your interaction with ladders less hazardous:
• Before using a ladder, inspect it for faults, such as broken rungs or rails. If it is an
extension ladder, inspect the pulleys, ropes and locks for excessive wear. Also, check the
footings and pads to make sure they still provide a non-skid surface. If any defect is
found, the ladder should be tagged unsafe and taken out of service. If it cannot be fixed,
make sure it is disposed of properly.
• When setting up a ladder, make sure the ground it is set upon is level and stable. Do not
set the ladder up on a muddy surface or you may find yourself falling over. Do not use
bricks or other material to raise the height of the ladder. If it is not tall enough, you are
using the wrong ladder.
• The ladder should reach a minimum of three feet above the "point of support" and should
be secured at this point.
• When using extension ladders, abide by the 1:4 rule. This means if you are using a 12
foot ladder, the base should be three feet from the structure. Some ladders provide a
picture guide on the ladder itself to assist you in this. When using a stepladder, make sure
the folding cross braces are locked in the proper position before you step onto it.
• Always face the ladder when ascending or descending, and have both hands free to grasp
it securely. If you need tools, they should be carried in a tool belt or pulled up with a rope
once you have reached your destination.
• Remember the "3-Point Rule": At least two hands and one foot, or two feet and one hand,
should be in contact with the ladder at all times.
• Keep your body between the side rails of the ladder. This reduces the chance of tipping it
over and/or falling off.
• Do not climb higher than the third rung from the top on straight or extension ladders or
the second tread from the top on stepladders.
By following the above rules, you greatly reduce your chances of being injured while working on
ladders. Remember, the life you save will be your own!
Safety
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Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
LASER SAFETY
"DANGER - Laser in Use" is a common poster in industry today. It has become common because devices that
use laser light have so many practical uses. They guide blade alignments on portable cut-off saws, and set-up large
rip saws in a timber mill. In construction, they are used in surveying equipment and assist with the layout of ceiling
grids or interior walls. Lasers can be used for many operations that require laying a perfectly straight line over a long
and/or uneven surface. Higher power devices can cut through steel with precision results. All-in-all, lasers are a
valuable tool for improving productivity and accuracy. Yet, because they are so common in industry today, they are
sometimes taken for granted. Lasers should always be treated with respect. They represent dangers to those who
work with them, and those who work around them.
Lasers are generally divided into four basic classifications. These classifications are based upon a system of graded
risk. The higher the class the greater potential for personal injury -- particularly to the eyes or skin. Classes of lasers
and conditions of risk are as follows:
Class I: Under normal conditions, will not produce a personal injury hazard.
Low powered, visible laser beams normally present no hazard if viewed for short periods,
Class II:
Blinking or turning away is a normal human response.
Do not produce a hazard if viewed for only momentary periods without
Class IIIa:
protection.
Class IIIb: Can produce a hazard if viewed directly.
Hazardous to view with the naked-eye under all conditions. This class also has the potential for
Class IV:
starting a fire and inflicting skin damage.
It is important to learn what class of laser you are working with, or working near, to determine safety precautions
you should take. Laser manufacturers are required to record the appropriate classification on the laser. If it is
missing, or if the laser has been modified, you should determine its class and safety requirements before activating
the system. Some of the basic safety precautions for lasers are:
• Every laser operator must be trained and qualified. Operators must have proof of this qualification and it
must stay with them at all times.
• All work areas where lasers are used must be posted with standard laser warning placards.
• A laser must never be intentionally directed at another employee.
• The laser must be turned off, capped or its beam shuttered when left unattended for a substantial period of
time, such as at meal times, overnight, or during a work shift change.
• Lasers must not be used when it is raining, snowing, foggy, or there is heavy dust in the air. Such
conditions may deflect or scatter the radiation. If production cannot be postponed, then employees must be
kept well out of range of the source and target of the laser.
The intensity of laser light can be harmful. The next time you find yourself working near a laser or laser-guided
equipment, check the classification. What are the precautions? What PPE is required? Do posted signs warn of the
lasers use?
Respect the CAUTION or DANGER signs - They are there to keep you out of harm's way.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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LIFT IT TWICE
Most of you have heard the general rules of safe lifting. Remember to "Get a firm grip on the
load, keep it close, bend at the knees, use your legs to lift the load, and keep your spine in the
natural position (with an arch in your lower back)." These principles always apply and should be
incorporated into every lift--if possible! Given the enormous number of "risky" lifting situations
that you are faced with at your place of work, you may not be able to apply these principles
every time. This is why you must always remember to LIFT IT TWICE! What?!
The act of lifting is the same as any other movement that you can learn to do better with practice.
As you know, the more you practice a skill the better you become at doing it. But preparing to
master a skill normally involves mental as well as physical training. Consider bowling, golf,
skiing or sharpshooting. You think carefully about the movements you're going to make before
you do them. This is the only way to get them right--at least until they become second nature.
Most of you know the proper way to physically lift an item, but how many of you are aware that
you need to lift the item TWICE.
1. Your first lift is a mental lift. Think about the lift prior to actually doing it:
• How am I going to lift the item? Can I do it myself or should I get some help?
• How heavy is the item? Do I need to use mechanical assistance?
• Where am I taking the item being lifted? Is it a difficult path or a distance to go?
• What hazards may hamper the lift or obstruct the travel path?
• Eliminate those hazards before you lift the item.
• 2. The second lift is the actual physical lift. Here is where you carry out your plan.
• Use proper body mechanics and techniques while going through the motions.
• Most important: keep the load as close to your body as possible.
Next time someone tells you to lift twice remember: Two lifts means less risk of a back strain.
Safety
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Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
M.S.D.S
Reviewed:_____________________________________________________________________________________
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LIKE OIL AND WATER, DRINKING AND DRIVING DO NOT MIX.
Season's Greetings. It's that time of the year again, for friends, family, and the eagerly awaited
company Christmas party. Yes, you know, the party where Bob has one eggnog too many and
hits on someone else's wife. All kidding aside, this is the worst time of year for drinking and
driving accidents. In fact, people who drink and drive are responsible for about 23,000 deaths a
year.
In recent years a great deal of attention has been devoted to solving the drinking and driving
problem that plagues this country. More police patrols and roadblocks are out to find drunk
drivers. Consequences for drunk driving vary according to local laws. In some areas drunk
drivers can lose their license, pay a fine, have the cost of their insurance doubled or tripled, and
even serve time in jail for a first offense. To understand why it's so important to solve the drunk
driving problem, it's necessary to understand why drinking and driving is so dangerous.
When we drink, alcohol goes to the stomach where it is absorbed by the blood stream. The
alcohol is then carried to our brain. When it reaches the brain, alcohol affects our driving in three
ways. It impairs our judgment and our decision making ability. It affects our coordination, and
our ability to handle a vehicle. And it affects our vision--our ability to see things clearly. Our
judgment is the first thing to go. When that happens, we lose our appreciation for the dangers of
the road. We tend to drive too fast for conditions; we are less alert to other drivers than normally.
All of that is bad enough, but the worst is, we lack the judgment to realize what's happening to
us. So, if alcohol is readily available, people often continue drinking far beyond their limit. By
the time their coordination is shot, they've lost their ability to judge their condition. They think
they're doing just fine. If drinking continues, vision also becomes impaired., which is particularly
dangerous, since most heavy drinking is done at night when good vision is critical. When under
the influence of alcohol, it is difficult to make out dimly lit shapes, such as parked cars and turns
in the road. It is also easier to be blinded by the lights of oncoming cars.
As previously mentioned, people who drink and drive are responsible for about 23,000 deaths a
year. In fact, we often neglect to assign part of the responsibility to those who are providing the
alcohol. As a host or hostess, it's easy to try to avoid this responsibility. After all, nobody forced
him to drink. If he has an accident, he can't blame you. Maybe he can't, but the people he runs
into can. That's why the law has begun to hold people who provide alcohol responsible as well as
the driver.
Why take the chance? What do you gain by getting someone drunk? They're not going to thank
you for a party they'll never remember--or a hangover they'll never forget. Here are a few
suggestions on how to help your guests be responsible drinkers.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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LIMITATIONS OF CARTRIDGE-TYPE RESPIRATORS
A half mask cartridge-type respirator is the most common type used for protection against
organic vapors, dusts, mists, acid gases, and fumes. You should be aware, however, that
respirators of this type provide adequate protection only under limited conditions. This type of
respirator is designed mainly for short-term operations that do not contain atmospheres that are
"immediately dangerous to life." To use this type of respirator you must know both the type and
concentration of contaminants in the air.
Cartridge type respirators are approved only for low concentrations of contaminants in the air,
the maximum permitted level of which depends on the "respiratory protection factor" (a measure
of the degree of protection provided to the wearer). If a qualitative fit test is used (for example
banana oil, or smoke tubes) a respiratory protection factor of 10 must be used. To determine the
maximum concentration of airborne contaminants permitted in the air where the respirator will
be used, the permissible time weighted average concentration (TWA or TLV) of the contaminant
is multiplied by 10. For example, the TLV for lead fume is .15 mg/m 3, so the maximum
concentration permitted in the air when using this type of respirator is 1.5 mg/m3. (TLVs are
published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
Also, remember that a cartridge-type respirator does not generate breathing air and the oxygen
content of the area must be at least 19.5% to use this type of respirator. In addition, it must also
be worn only in the presence of moderately toxic air contaminants that have distinctive warning
properties such as odor, irritation, or taste. The purpose of this requirement is to allow the user
to tell when the cartridges have become exhausted. If you can detect the contaminant inside the
mask, it means you must exit the area immediately and change the cartridge.
Other things you should be aware of when wearing a cartridge-type respirator:
• Never enter a confined space with a cartridge-type respirator unless you know for sure
that the space has been tested for oxygen content and toxic air contaminants, and that
entry with this type of respirator is allowable and that entry has been approved.
• Never work in toxic vapors for which the respirator cartridge was not intended. There are
many different types and combinations of cartridges--each for a specific type of hazard
that is described on the band surrounding the cartridge. Also be sure the cartridges are the
type the manufacturer specifies for your respirator. In general, they are not
interchangeable from one manufacture to another. Ask your supervisor if you have
doubts about these factors.
• Be sure your respirator fits your face properly. Most manufacturers provide at least three
sizes of face pieces and one of them should fit you better than others. Your supervisor
will help you select the proper size so that you get a good respirator fit.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
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MACHINE SAFETY- LOCKOUT/TAG OUT - LOTO
If any employees of a company are required to perform hazardous maintenance or repair of

machines and equipment, a formal, written Lockout/Tag out Program must be developed and
implemented. This program must include machine-specific procedures for shut-down and re-
energizing equipment and training for "affected" employees (i.e., those who operate, service or
work near the equipment in question).
These procedures must be followed during the servicing or maintenance of machines, to avoid
the "unexpected energization or start up of the machinery or equipment, or the release of stored
energy, which could cause injury to employees."
Procedures will vary, depending upon (1) whether the source of hazardous energy is electrical,
hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, thermal or chemical, and (2) how many employees are
affected. Nevertheless, all employees should be familiar with lockout/tag out procedures for their
company's operations and a review of these should take place periodically.
The following SIX STEPS are a review of basic steps for safely de-energizing equipment. :
1. Notify all "affected employees" that the equipment will be shut down.
2. Shut down the equipment by normal stopping procedures.
3. "Isolate" all the equipment's energy sources.
4. Lock out and/or tag out the energy isolating devices with assigned, individual locks.
5. Release or restrain any stored energy by grounding, blocking, bleeding down, etc.
6. Assure that no personnel are exposed, then test the equipment to assure that it will not operate.
Restoring Equipment to Service:
1. Check to Assure that all employees have been safely positioned or removed from the area.
2. Verify that equipment controls are in neutral.
3. Remove lockout devices and/or tags and re-energize the machine or equipment.
4. Notify affected employees that servicing is complete and the equipment is ready for use.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
LOGGING SAFETY
Sort Yard/Landing Hazards
Sort yards and landings are very busy places. Often times, space in the area is restrictive and
there are several activities occurring simultaneously. The following is intended to help you
identify and avoid hazardous situations, and prevent employee injury:
• Considering the amount of work, be sure that only authorized workers are allowed in the
yard or on the landing.
• Require all employees to wear high visibility clothing or fluorescent hard hats.
• Never allow machinery such as loaders, shovels or yarders to set up within 4 feet of a log
deck or other fixed item.
• Truck drivers should stay in the cab of the truck or move away from the truck during
loading and unloading operations. Truck drivers should wear hard hats and high visibility
clothing.
• On landings, plan the work so knot bumpers are working in areas where shovel operators
can see them, and that they stay out of the swing radius of the machine.
• In sort yards, make sure employees are not working in the same skid as loaders.
• All employees using chain saws should use required personal protective equipment
including chaps, hard hats, safety glasses, hearing protection and gloves.
• Do not allow anyone on the landing or in the sort yard to use non-work-related radios or
portable tape players that could distract their attention.
• Be sure that all equipment has the proper type & size fire extinguisher and that it is
inspected at least monthly.
• Make sure there is a fully stocked first aid kit, two blankets, neck brace, splints and a
back board at each landing or sort yard.
• Insure that all employees have a current First Aid/CPR card.
Maintain a functional radio at each location that is capable of reaching base camp or the nearest
community.
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
M.S.D.S
Reviewed:_____________________________________________________________________________________
__
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
MACHINE OPERATION REQUIRES SKILL & THOUGHT

Machines don't know what they're doing. A power saw or lathe can injure you without a second "thought." When
using power tools or machinery, remember that you are the only one with the brain. Machines turn on and they turn
off. Beyond that, it is you, the operator, that controls their safe use. That means you need to apply your training and
skills to use machines in a safe manner. You need to be alert and think ahead at all times, because the machine will
not think for you. It doesn't know when you or someone else next to you is in danger. A saw or lathe can't tell your
finger or wrist from wood or bar stock.
A recent loss makes this example clear. A shipwright was in the process of making rabbit joints on hardwood, using
a dado blade. To keep the wood from splintering at the end of the cut, the operator first moved the stock to the back
side of the blade, in order to make a small notch. Does anyone out there doubt this was extremely unsafe?
Understand, the saw blade was rotating toward the operator, and his hands and wrists were actually beside and
behind the saw blade itself. His body was stretched forward. What happened next is predictable. The wood kicked
forward abruptly toward the operator, and one of the operator's hands was thrown into the dado blade, resulting in a
serious, painful amputation.
This only took a fraction of a second, but the shipwright will spend the rest of his life bearing the handicap of his
amputation and deformity. Statistics show that one serious disabling injury will happen every 300 times an unsafe
act occurs.
In the course of investigating the accident, the supervisor said he had never seen this employee do this act
previously. If he had noted it, he would have cautioned the employee, he said. We can't doubt the supervisor's
honesty, however the employee indicated that in this yard, they always had done it that way. One must wonder if the
supervisor had ever watched his people's work practices from a safety standpoint. Or did he not check HOW the
work was being done, and instead only checked the end result?
Of course, you don't need to wait for a supervisor to analyze your actions for safety. You should do this all the time.
Take responsibility for your own safety at work and continually ask the question, "WHAT IF . . ." Who will get
injured if things go wrong? Who pays the price if there is an accident? Who endures the pain if something happens?
Whose life might be lost if this short-cut doesn't work?
Guard against taking safety short-cuts. Pre-plan the job and set it up properly. Take the time to do your work safely.
If unsure how to do the job correctly or safety, ask questions. Don't be afraid to ask for help. And, if you see
someone doing something that doesn't meet the "WHAT IF. . ." standard, talk to them about it. Volunteer to help
your co-workers, whenever they need it.
Safety
____
Job Specific
Topics:_______________________________________________________________________________________
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
MAKE SHIFT WORK SAFE WORK

Most people in this country think of "work hours" as the daylight hours from 8 or so in the morning until 5 or so in
the afternoon. But more than 20 million Americans work a different schedule. For many reasons, their work day
either starts in the afternoon and ends late at night, or begins around midnight and ends in the early morning. If this
applies to you, be aware that your safety is just as critical as the day crew, but that conditions and hazards may be
different.
If you work a nonstandard shift, it may be because you need to care for family members during the day; you may
have more than one job; it may be the best work you can get at the time; or you may simply prefer to work at night.
Whatever the reason, you should realize that the potential for accidents and injuries tends to be significantly higher
on night shifts than during the day.
Special Challenges Associated With Shift Work:
• The type of work may be different. Some companies schedule inherently heavy or more hazardous work at
night when fewer people are around. This reduces risk for the many, but not necessarily for those on a
graveyard or swing shift.
• It's more difficult to see in the dark. Artificial light can't illuminate every surface, which can result in more
trips and falls. This also makes night driving more hazardous.
• Shift work may result in psychological problems for shift workers who fail to eat, rest and sleep adequately.
Research indicates that shift workers may suffer depression, increased alcohol use, and even symptoms of
physical illness.
• The potential for criminal behavior may increase the need for security by both the company and employees,
since the cover of darkness is often used to help people commit crimes.
• Night workers who lack seniority for day shift assignments may be less experienced and less aware of safe
work practices. This can make them more hazardous to themselves and others.
Fatigue - The Number One Shift Work Safety Problem
Your normal "body clock" wants you to be awake, alert, and productive during daytime. It can be hard to adjust to a
different schedule than what your body naturally wants. People "off schedule," can feel tired and less alert. They are
less likely to notice a potentially dangerous condition, or to respond quickly in an emergency. For example, more
than 50,000 motor vehicle accidents per year are believed to be caused by sleepy drivers. Perhaps it's no coincidence
that disasters like the Three Mile Island nuclear malfunction and the Exxon Valdez oil spill happened at night.
Tips For Dealing With Fatigue:
Engineering controls can help--such as improved lighting, ventilation, proper temperatures and noise control. But
the key to dealing with fatigue lies with individual employees, who should:
• Keep a regular bedtime schedule. Your body can't adjust if you don't give it a chance.
• Keep your bedroom dark and quiet - have family or roommates cooperate with noise control.
• Avoid excessive use of alcohol, tobacco and caffeine--especially during the pre-sleep hours.
• If possible, try not to rotate shifts, which makes it more difficult for your body to adjust.
• Eat regular meals, but don't consume a heavy meal right before retiring--eat a light snack.
TOOLBOXTOPICS.COM
Date________
MAKE THE BEST USE OF YOUR FIRST-AID KIT
Are only Band-Aids® and aspirin taken from the first aid kit most of the time-because you or your coworkers aren't
sure how to use the other supplies? First-aid kits can be stocked with a variety of items, but most kits have a
common assortment of supplies. As with any tool, you must know how to use these products to get the best results.
In this safety meeting, typical supplies and their uses will be described, to help make this helpful "tool kit" most
effective for you.
• Absorbent Gauze: Use these to clean a wound or to apply first-aid or antiseptic cream.
• Adhesive Bandages: Different sizes and shapes are provided to protect minor scrapes and cuts after they
have been cleaned and medicated.
• Adhesive Tape: For securing wound dressings or giving additional protection over bandages.
• Antacid Tablets: For indigestion or heartburn.
• Antiseptic Soap or Pads: For cleaning skin or wounds.
• Bandage Compresses: Use these for applying pressure to a large wound or scrape that is bleeding. Place the
compress over the wound and apply pressure to reduce bleeding.
• CPR Mouth Barrier: (e.g.: Microshield) For use as a mouth barrier in CPR resuscitation.
• Disposable Latex Gloves: The First Responder to an injury should use this protection to prevent contact
with an injured person's bodily fluids (blood, saliva, etc.).
• Elastic Bandages: For wrapping sprains and to help hold dressings or cold packs in place.
• Eye Wash: The wash bottles in a fist-aid kit are typically small. Use them to rinse very minor contaminants
from the eye. All other eye injuries should seek medical care.
• First-Aid Manual: A brief guide to emergency first-aid care.
• First-Aid Ointment or Antiseptic Cream: Apply this salve to wounds that have been cleaned prior to
applying a dressing.
• Gauze Roll: Gauze is used to hold flat, non-adhesive bandages in-place prior to taping. It is not a bandage,
because most gauze is not a sterile dressing.
• Instant Cold Pack: Place the pack on a sprain, fracture, or severe bruise to reduce swelling.
• Microbial Hand Wipes: For First Responders' clean-up after providing emergency care.
• Pain Relievers: (e.g., Aspirin, Acetaminophen or Tylenol®) For minor aches or pains, as the package
directs.
• Scissors: For cutting clothing, tape or bandages and providing a better fit around the wound.
• Triangular Bandage: Used to create a sling for supporting an injured hand or arm or as protection over a
large dressing.
• Tweezers: For removing foreign bodies from minor injuries. Not for use on eye injuries.
• Wound Cleanser Wipes: Use these singlet wipes to clean minor scrapes or cuts before applying antiseptic
and adhesive bandages.
Use first aid kits for minor injuries and during emergencies before medics arrive to treat serious injuries. So, know
what supplies are in your kits--and make the best use of them.
Be sure to let your supervisor know if your kit needs to be restocked!
Safety
____

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TOOLBOXTOPICS.

HOW LOUD IS LOUD?

Wear your hearing protection!

DON'T GAMBLE WITH PERSONAL FALL ARREST EQUIPMENT

Belts & Body Harnesses:

EATING RIGHT OFFSHORE-FOR SAFETY & HEALTH

Group 1 (high fat & protein) - 57 minutes

Group 2 (normal diet) - 114 minutes

Group 3 (high carbohydrate diet) - 167 minutes.

• Use Low-fat or Fat Free dairy products

• Choose high fiber cereal and whole grain bread

• Use "light" or fat free dressings

EVERYONE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SAFETY

a. Learn to work safely and take all rules seriously.

b. Recognize hazards and avoid them.

c. Report all accidents, injuries and illness to your supervisor immediately.

d. Inspect tools before use to avoid injury.

e. Wear all assigned personal protective equipment.

On the other hand, it is management's responsibility to:

a. Provide a safe and healthy workplace.

b. Provide personal protective equipment.

c. Train employees in safe procedures and in how to identify hazards.

Everyone must be aware of potential hazards on the job:

a. Poor housekeeping results in slips, trips and falls.

b. Electricity can cause shocks, burns or fire if not handled properly.

c. Poor material handling may cause back problems or other injuries.

Always use the protections that are provided on the job:

b. Insulation on electrical equipment prevents burns, shock and fire.

c. Lockout/tagout assure equipment is de-energized before it is repaired.

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS - ANATOMY OF AN ACCIDENT

Findings of the IBEW investigating committee:

1. The primary emphasis was on production not on safety.

2. There had been no communication with the utility or employer.

position on the pole.

HOUSEKEEPING IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF YOUR JOB

Here are some reasons to keep your work area clean:

1. You reduce trip and fall hazards.

Here are some tips to maintain a clean work area:

BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS (BBP)

-- SAFETY AT ALL LEVELS --

Hepatitis B Virus versus Human Immunodeficiency Virus:

COME-A-LONGS, "COFFIN" HOISTS & CHAIN HOIST SAFETY

HYDRAULIC HOSES AND THE DANGER OF LEAKS

INDIVIDUAL QUALITY MAKES THE DIFFERENCE

LOOK OUT FOR YOUR CO-WORKERS

EXTENSION CORD SAFETY-TAKE NO CHANCES!

Types of extension cords

Care and inspection of extension cords

Prevent potential electrical hazards that may lead to someone's injury!

IS FIBERGLASS A HEALTH HAZARD?

ELECTRICAL SOURCES IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS - HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL BURNS

AVOID COMMON OFFICE INJURIES

GENERAL SAFETY - CARELESSNESS

ALCOHOL & THE JOB - A SAFETY ISSUE

Are you allowing the drinking to continue?

• You are - if you cover for the drinker's poor productivity

Take control of the situation.

ALLERGIES, ANTIHISTAMINES & DROWSINESS

APPRECIATING THE HAZARDS OF OXYACETYLENE MEANS ...

ATMOSPHERES IN CONFINED SPACES

AVOIDING ELECTRICAL SHOCKS