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Proceedings of the Twelfth (2016) Pacific-Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium www.isope.

org
Gold Coast, Australia, October 4-7, 2016
Copyright © 2016 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers
ISBN 978–1 880653 98-2: ISSN 1946-004X

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