2018 International Conference on Intelligent Transportation, Big Data & Smart City
'HVLJQ RI 6PDUW 0LUURU %DVHG RQ 5DVSEHUU\ 3L
6XQ \RQJ *HQJ /LTLQJ  'DQ .H
7LDQMLQ .H\ /DERUDWRU\ RI ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6HQVLQJ ,QWHOOLJHQW &RQWURO 7LDQMLQ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 7HFKQRORJ\ DQG (GXFDWLRQ
7LDQMLQ  &KLQD
JHQJOT#FRP
$EVWUDFW²,QWHOOLJHQW V\VWHPV DUH QRW RQO\ XVHG RQ PRELOH
SKRQHV DQG WDEOHW FRPSXWHUV EXW DOVR PRUH DQG PRUH
LQWHOOLJHQW SURGXFWV DUH FRPLQJ LQWR EHLQJ $W SUHVHQW '
PLUURUV DQG KDLU VDORQ VPDUW PLUURUV DUH H[SHQVLYH DQG DUH
OLPLWHG WR XVH LQ SXEOLF SODFHV ,Q WKLV SDSHU DQ LQWHOOLJHQW
PLUURU EDVHG RQ UDVSEHUU\ SL LV GHVLJQHG IRU WKH KRPH RI
,QWHUQHW RI WKLQJV 7KH LQWHOOLJHQW PLUURU LV PDGH RI UDVSEHUU\
SL DV WKH KRVW FRQWUROOHU DQG 670)&7
PLFURFRQWUROOHU DV WKH FRUH FRQWURO FKLS ,Q ZRUNLQJ FRQGLWLRQ
WKH V\VWHP E\ UDVSEHUU\ SL LV FRQQHFWHG WR WKH QHWZRUN
WKURXJK :,), DQG REWDLQ LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKH ZHDWKHU
IRUHFDVW IURP WKH $3, QHWZRUN LQWHUIDFH VSHFLILHG GUHVVLQJ
LQGH[ WLPH GDWH DQG RWKHU LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG WKHQ WKURXJK WKH
LQIRUPDWLRQ GLVSOD\HG RQ WKH SODVPD GLVSOD\ 7KH XVHU FDQ
LQWHUDFW ZLWK WKH PRELOH SKRQH WKURXJK WKH $33 PLUURU
6<1 PLUURU WKURXJK VSHHFK V\QWKHVLV PRGXOH PDNH
VRXQGV VXFK DV DVNLQJ WKH PLUURU WKH ZHDWKHU QHZV WLPH WKH
PLUURU FDQ DXWRPDWLFDOO\ REWDLQ WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ
LQIRUPDWLRQ QHWZRUN DQG EURDGFDVW 7KH GHVLJQHG LQWHOOLJHQW
PLUURU KDV WKH DGYDQWDJHV RI VPDOO VL]H VLPSOH RSHUDWLRQ ORZ
FRVW DQG LV VXLWDEOH IRU IDPLOLHV DQG KDV EURDG DSSOLFDWLRQ
SURVSHFWV
.H\ZRUGV 5DVSEHUU\ SL 670 LQWHOOLJHQW PLUURU /LQX[
, ,1752'8&7,21
$W SUHVHQW PRUH DQG PRUH FORVH WR WKH OLIH RI LQWHOOLJHQW
SURGXFWV DUH HPHUJLQJ VPDUW 79 VPDUW ZDWFKHV WR QRZ
DSSHDU DJDLQ LQWHOOLJHQW PLUURU 7KHUH DUH VPDUW PLUURUV LQ
' VRPDWRVHQVRU\ ILWWLQJ PLUURUV DQG KDLU VDORQV LQ IRUHLJQ
FRXQWULHV ZKLFK DUH OLPLWHG WR XVH LQ SXEOLF SODFHV>@ 7KH
PDLQ UHDVRQ LV WKDW WKH FRVW LV KLJK DQG WKH LPDJLQJ HIIHFW LV
QRW JRRG DQG WKHUH LV WKH SKHQRPHQRQ RI SLFWXUH GHOD\
$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH VXUYH\ ZH VSHQG  PLQXWHV RU VR RQ
ZDVKLQJ PDNHXS DQG ZHDULQJ DIWHU JHWWLQJ XS DQG WKHVH 
PLQXWHV DUH DOVR WKH WLPH IRU XV WR ORRN LQ WKH PLUURU ,Q
RUGHU WR PDNH IXOO XVH RI WKLV WLPH LQ WKH PLUURU DW WKH VDPH
WLPH FDQ HIIHFWLYHO\ DFFHVV WKH UHOHYDQW LQIRUPDWLRQ RI WKH
GD\ WKLV SURMHFW GHVLJQHG D NLQG RI LQWHOOLJHQW PLUURU FDQ EH
XVHG LQ WKH KRPH RI WKLQJV 7KH LQWHOOLJHQW PLUURU LV WKH
SULQFLSOH RI RQHZD\ SHUVSHFWLYH WKH DFWXDO SLFWXUH LQ WKH
IRUP RI VSHFXODU UHIOHFWLRQ WUDQVPLWWHG WR RXU YLVLRQ 7KH
SLFWXUH GLVSOD\HG EHKLQG WKH PLUURU FDQ DOVR EH WUDQVPLWWHG
WR XV WKURXJK WKH PLUURU VR DV WR DFKLHYH WKH HIIHFW RI
VKRZLQJ WKH SDWWHUQ RQ WKH PLUURU &RPSDUHG ZLWK WKH
PHWKRG RI FROOHFWLQJ SLFWXUHV E\ WKH FDPHUD XVHG LQ WKH '
VRPDWRVHQVRU\ ILWWLQJ PLUURU WKH SLFWXUH LV VPRRWKHU DQG WKH
FRVW LV UHGXFHG 7KH PDLQ FKLS LV UDVSEHUU\ SL DQG WKH
RSHUDWLQJ V\VWHP LV /LQX[>@ :KHQ DQ VPDUW PLUURU RSHQV
LW LV HTXLYDOHQW WR DQ LQWHOOLJHQW LQWHUDFWLYH FHQWHU WR KHOS
SHRSOH XQGHUVWDQG UHOHYDQW LQIRUPDWLRQ LQ D WLPHO\ PDQQHU
0-7695-6368-6/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/ICITBS.2018.00028
6PDUW PLUURU HTXLSSHG ZLWK LQWHOOLJHQW YRLFH FRQWURO IURP
DQ\ FDVW PXVLF GLDORJXH EURDGFDVW FDQ DFKLHYH IXOO YRLFH
FRQWURO ,Q WKH PLUURU RQ KRW QHZV ZHDWKHU FRQGLWLRQV URDG
FRQGLWLRQV VFKHGXOH DQG RWKHU FOHDU LW DOVR VKRZV WKH
FORWKLQJ LQGH[ DFFRUGLQJ WR UHDOWLPH ZHDWKHU FRQGLWLRQV DQG
UHPLQGHUV RXW RI DWWHQWLRQ $W WKH VDPH WLPH XVHUV FDQ DOVR
FRQWURO WKH EULJKWQHVV RI WKH PLUURU OLJKWV WKURXJK WKH PRELOH
SKRQH $33 LQ P\ VSDUH WLPH WKURXJK WKH PRELOH SKRQH
$33 FDQ FKDW ZLWK WKH PLUURU
,, 6<67(0 '(6,*1
7KH VPDUW PLUURU LV FRPSRVHG RI D FRQWUROOHU D GLVSOD\
PRGXOH D ZLUHOHVV WUDQVFHLYHU PRGXOH D FORFN PRGXOH D
%OXHWRRWK PRGXOH D VSHHFK V\QWKHVLV PRGXOH DQG DQ
DX[LOLDU\ IXQFWLRQ PRGXOH>@ 7KH V\VWHP EORFN GLDJUDP LV
VKRZQ LQ ILJXUH 
&RQWUROOHU PRGXOH WKH FRQWUROOHU LV WKH EUDLQ RI WKH
VPDUW PLUURU ZKLFK HQVXUHV WKH QRUPDO RSHUDWLRQ RI WKH
PLUURU SDUWV 7KLV WRSLF FKRRVHV UDVSEHUU\ SL DV WKH KRVW RI
WKH V\VWHP DQG 670)&7 PLFURFRQWUROOHU DV WKH
FRUH FRQWURO FKLS
'LVSOD\ PRGXOH LQ RUGHU WR DFKLHYH WKH GHVLJQ RI
IXQFWLRQDO HIIHFWV WKH XVH RI RQHZD\ SHUVSHFWLYH PLUURU DQG
 LQFK 3+,/36 GLVSOD\ FRPELQHG ZLWK WKH GLVSOD\ PRGXOH
&ORFN PRGXOH LQ RUGHU WR DFKLHYH DFFXUDWH WLPH GLVSOD\
RI VPDUW PLUURU ORZ SRZHU &026 UHDOWLPH FORFN FKLS
3&) LV VHOHFWHG
7KH ZLUHOHVV WUDQVFHLYHU PRGXOH XVLQJ WKH ;/
$3 PRGXOH KDOI GXSOH[ ZLUHOHVV WUDQVPLVVLRQ IXQFWLRQ
ZLWK 8$57 LQWHUIDFH QRW RQO\ FDQ ZRUN LQ WKH SXEOLF
IUHTXHQF\ RI 0+] EXW DOVR LQ WKH RULJLQDO FDEOH
FRQQHFWLRQ RQ WKH EDVLV RI XSJUDGLQJ ZLUHOHVV FRQQHFWLYLW\
DQG GRHV QRW UHTXLUH DGGLWLRQDO SURJUDPPLQJ FDQ EH
FRPSOHWHO\ FRPSDWLEOH ZLWK WKH FDEOH RI WKH VHULDO
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ SURWRFRO
%OXHWRRWK PRGXOH FRPELQHG ZLWK WKH DFWXDO QHHGV RI WKH
PLUURU WKH FXUUHQW PDUNHW LV PRUH SRZHUIXO +& VHULDO
SRUW %OXHWRRWK PRGXOH VXSSRUW PDVWHUVODYH PRGH VXSSRUW
KDUGZDUH  VRIWZDUH VHWWLQJV PDVWHUVODYH PRGH
,,, 7+( '(6,*1 2) 6<67(0 +$5':$5( &,5&8,7
$ 7KH +RVW 5DVSEHUU\ 3L
5DVSEHUU\ SL NQRZQ DV FDUG W\SH FRPSXWHU LV D
PLFURFRPSXWHU PDLQ ERDUG EDVHG RQ $50 ,Q WKLV WRSLF WKH
VPDUW PLUURU FKRRVHV % UDVSEHUU\ SL IRU GLVSOD\ IXQFWLRQ
7KH LQWHUIDFH FLUFXLW EHWZHHQ UDVSEHUU\ SL DQG 670 VLQJOH
FKLS PLFURFRPSXWHU LV VKRZQ LQ ILJXUH 
77

)LJXUH  6\VWHP EORFN GLDJUDP
)LJXUH  &RPPXQLFDWLRQ LQWHUIDFH FLUFXLW EHWZHHQ UDVSEHUU\ SL
DQG 670
% &RQWUROOHU 6WP 6LQJOH &KLS 0LFURFRPSXWHU
6PDUW PLUURU FRPSULVHV D ZLUHOHVV WUDQVFHLYHU FORFN
%OXHWRRWK DQG RWKHU IXQFWLRQV WKHVH IXQFWLRQV DUH DFKLHYHG
E\ PLFURFRQWUROOHU 7KH V\VWHP XVHV 670)&7
PLFURFRQWUROOHU DV FRQWUROOHU IRU VPDUW PLUURUV 7KH
670)&7 FKLS LV  ELW HPEHGGHG SURFHVVRU $50
&RUWH[ 0 NHUQHO DUFKLWHFWXUH EDVHG RQ UDQGRP DFFHVV
PHPRU\ SURJUDP PHPRU\ FRQWDLQV .% DQG .% 0+]
LV &38 WKH PD[LPXP RSHUDWLQJ VSHHG ZLWK  %LW $'&
DQG  JHQHUDO  ELW WLPHU  DYDLODEOH 3:0 FRQWURO WLPHU
 ,2 H[SRUW>@ )LJXUH  LV WKH 670 PLQLPXP V\VWHP
)LJXUH  670 PLQLPXP V\VWHP FLUFXLW GLDJUDP
& 'LVSOD\ ,QWHUIDFH &LUFXLW
7KH GLVSOD\ IXQFWLRQ RI WKH VPDUW PLUURU LV WKDW WKH
UDVSEHUU\ SL LV FRQQHFWHG WR WKH 9*$ SRUW RI WKH GLVSOD\ WR
78
GULYH WKH GLVSOD\ WKURXJK WKH +'0, WR 9*$ WUDQVIHU OLQH
DQG WKH FLUFXLW FRQQHFWLRQ GLDJUDP LV VKRZQ LQ ILJXUH


)LJXUH  'LVSOD\ LQWHUIDFH FLUFXLW GLDJUDP
' 6SHHFK 6\QWKHVLV 0RGXOH ,QWHUIDFH &LUFXLW
6PDUW 0LUURU VSHHFK V\QWKHVLV PRGXOH XVLQJ WKH
6<1 VSHHFK V\QWKHVLV FKLS WKH FKLS WKURXJK WKH
DV\QFKURQRXV VHULDO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGH 8$57  WR EH
UHODWHG WR WKH WH[W GDWD V\QWKHVLV UHFHLYHG IURP WKH
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WKH WH[W WR VSHHFK VSHHFK RU 776
FRQYHUVLRQ FLUFXLW SULQFLSOH GLDJUDP DV VKRZQ LQ ILJXUH 
)LJXUH  &LUFXLW GLDJUDP RI VSHHFK V\QWKHVLV PRGXOH
( :LUHOHVV 7UDQVFHLYHU &LUFXLW
7KH ZLUHOHVV WUDQVFHLYHU PRGXOH LV FRPSRVHG RI WKH
VHQGLQJ PRGXOH DQG WKH UHFHLYLQJ PRGXOH 7KH WUDQVPLWWLQJ
PRGXOH LV FRQWUROOHG E\ WKH H[WHUQDO 670 VLQJOH FKLS
PLFURFRPSXWHU DQG WKH UHFHLYLQJ PRGXOH LV FRQWUROOHG E\
WKH 670 PLFURFRQWUROOHU LQVLGH WKH PLUURU 7KH
WUDQVPLWWLQJ PRGXOH LV WKH VDPH DV WKDW RI WKH UHFHLYLQJ
PRGXOH DQG WKH LQWHUIDFH FLUFXLW LV VKRZQ LQ ILJXUH 
)LJXUH  5HFHLYLQJ PRGXOH FLUFXLW GLDJUDP
) 7KH 'DWD $FTXLVLWLRQ 0RGXOH &LUFXLW
7KH GDWD DFTXLVLWLRQ PRGXOH XVHV VPRNH VHQVRU FDUERQ
PRQR[LGH VHQVRU S\URHOHFWULF VHQVRU WR GHWHFW WKH
HQYLURQPHQW DQG WUDQVPLWV WKH FROOHFWHG LQIRUPDWLRQ WR WKH
PLFURFRQWUROOHU )LJXUH  LV WKH FLUFXLW GHVLJQ RI WKH GDWD
DFTXLVLWLRQ PRGXOH
)LJXUH  &LUFXLW GLDJUDP RI GDWD DFTXLVLWLRQ PRGXOH
* %OXHWRRWK ,QWHUIDFH &LUFXLW
7KH V\VWHP XVHV +& %OXHWRRWK PRGXOH DQG WKH
FLUFXLW GLDJUDP LV VKRZQ LQ ILJXUH  +& %OXHWRRWK
PRGXOH XVHV %OXH VXSSRUWV XS WR  $7 FRPPDQGV
SURYLGHV D SRZHUIXO %OXHWRRWK VHULDO VROXWLRQ
)LJXUH  %OXHWRRWK LQWHUIDFH FLUFXLW GLDJUDP
+ &ORFN &LUFXLW
3&) LV XVHG DV FORFN PRGXOH 0&8 DQG 3&)
FRPPXQLFDWH ZLWK ,& SURWRFRO UHDG WKH UHJLVWHU GDWD RI
FORFN FKLS RU FORFN FKLS RXWSXW WLPH LQIRUPDWLRQ WR 6&0
WKH FLUFXLW LV VKRZQ LQ ILJXUH 
)LJXUH  &ORFN FLUFXLW GLDJUDP
,9 7+( '(6,*1 2) 6<67(0 62)7:$5(
$ 5DVSEHUU\ 3L 3URJUDP 'HVLJQ
5DVSEHUU\ SL PDLQ SURJUDP LV ZULWWHQ XVLQJ 3\WKRQ
ODQJXDJH 3\WKRQ ODQJXDJH FDQ LQYRNH YDULRXV /LQX[
RSHUDWLQJ V\VWHP VRIWZDUH EDVHG RQ QHWZRUN FDQ JHW RQOLQH
VKDULQJ 5DVSEHUU\ SL PDLQ SURJUDP IORZ GLDJUDP DV VKRZQ
LQ ILJXUH
J 
)LJXUH 5DVSEHUU\ SL SURJUDP IORZ FKDUW
79
% 6WP 3URJUDP 'HVLJQ
7KH UDVSEHUU\ SL FRQILJXUDWLRQ VRIWZDUH XVLQJ
670)&7 PLFURFRQWUROOHU VHULDO SRUW WR UHDG IURP
WKH GDWH WLPH DQG WHPSHUDWXUH LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG WKHQ
GLVSOD\HG RQ WKH GLVSOD\ ZKHQ WKH GHWHFWHG VRPHRQH FORVH
FDQ DOVR SOD\ D JUHHWLQJ ZKHQ XVLQJ D PRELOH SKRQH WR VHQG
$33 YRLFH UHFRJQLWLRQ LQIRUPDWLRQ WR XVHUV RI UDVSEHUU\ SL
UDVSEHUU\ SL WKURXJK WKH :,), FDOO WKH 63, QHWZRUN LQWHUIDFH
DFFHVV WR UHVSRQG WR LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG WKHQ VHQW WR WKH
670)&7 PLFURFRQWUROOHU WR FRQWURO VSHHFK
V\QWKHVLV PRGXOH 6<1 WR PDNH LW VRXQG 7KH IORZ
FKDUW RI WKH 670 SURJUDP
S J LV VKRZQ LQ ILJXUH
J 
)LJXUH 670 SURJUDP IORZ FKDUW
9  &21&/86,216
7KH VPDUW PLUURU LV GHYHORSHG E\ UDVSEHUU\ SL DV WKH KRVW
FRQWUROOHU DQG 670)&7 PLFURFRQWUROOHU DV WKH
FRUH FRQWURO FKLS 5DVSEHUU\ SL LV FRQQHFWHG WR WKH QHWZRUN
YLD :,), DQG WKH ZHDWKHU LQIRUPDWLRQ FORWKLQJ LQGH[ WLPH
GDWH DQG RWKHU LQIRUPDWLRQ DUH REWDLQHG E\ WKH $3, LQWHUIDFH
GHVLJQDWHG E\ WKH H[WUDQHW $W WKH VDPH WLPH WKH UHOHYDQW
LQIRUPDWLRQ LV GLVSOD\HG RQ WKH SODVPD GLVSOD\ 7KH XVHU
FDQ LQWHUDFW ZLWK WKH PLUURU WKURXJK WKH PRELOH SKRQH $33
DQG FRPPXQLFDWH ZLWK WKH PLUURU WKURXJK WKH YRLFH
V\QWKHVLV PRGXOH 6<1 7KH V\VWHP UHDOL]HV WKH
IXQFWLRQV RI IDFH UHFRJQLWLRQ VSHHFK UHFRJQLWLRQ YRLFH
SOD\EDFN UHPRWH FRQWURO RI URRP OLJKWLQJ EULJKWQHVV DQG
VZLWFK VWDWXV 6PDUW PLUURU GHVLJQ KDV WKH DGYDQWDJHV RI
VPDOO VL]H VLPSOH RSHUDWLRQ ORZ FRVW KLJK GHJUHH RI XVHU
IULHQGO\ SHUVRQDOL]HG XVHU LQWHUIDFH DQG RWKHU DGYDQWDJHV
DQG LV VXLWDEOH IRU IDPLOLHV DQG KDV EURDG DSSOLFDWLRQ
SURVSHFWV

9, $&.12:/('*(0(17
7KLV SURMHFW LV VXSSRUWHG E\ 7KH 1DWLRQDO .H\ 5HVHDUFK
DQG 'HYHORSPHQW 3URJUDP RI &KLQD 12<)%
DQG E\ WKH 1DWXUDO 6FLHQFH )RXQGDWLRQ RI 7LDQMLQ FLW\ 12
-&='-& DQG E\ WKH 6FLHQFH )RXQGDWLRQ RI 7LDQMLQ
8QLYHUVLW\ RI 7HFKQRORJ\ DQG (GXFDWLRQ 12 -. 
5()(5(1&(6
>@ .DQJ :HQWDR +RQJ =KLKXL6KHQ ;LQ/L <LQJFKXQ
5HVHDUFK DQG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI VPDUW PLUURU EDVHG RQ $50
FKLS0RGHUQ &RPSXWHU   LQ &KLQHVH
>@ *XR /LDQJ <H $LPLQ /LQ 7DR )DQ 5XL[LDQJ 'HVLJQ 2I
5HPRWH 5HDO7LPH 0HDVXULQJ 6\VWHP 2I 7HPSHUDWXUH $QG
+XPLGLW\ %DVHG RQ 5DVSEHUU\ 3L DQG -DYD /DQJXDJH
&RPSXWHU 0HDVXUHPHQW &RQWURO    LQ
&KLQHVH
>@ ;LDR 3HL +X 7LDQOL &DR <XDQ =KX %HL /L ;XDQ 6PDUW
PLUURU GHVLJQ EDVHG RQ 670)=*7  6FLHQFH DQG
WHFKQRORJ\ LQQRYDWLRQ DQG DSSOLFDWLRQ    LQ
&KLQHVH
>@ 1DQ <LPLQ 3URJUDPPLQJ IRU 670)[[[ 6WDQGDUG
3HULSKHUDOV %DVHGRQ 670 6WDQGDUG 3HULSKHUDOV /LEUDU\
-2851$/ 2) &+$1*6+$ $(521$87,&$/
92&$7,21$/ $1' 7(&+1,&$/ &2//(*( 
   LQ &KLQHVH
>@ 7$1* /LOL 㸪 +8$1* :HL 0HWKRG WR GULYH 7)7 FRORU
VFUHHQ E\ PHDQV RI )60& LQWHUIDFH RQ 670 0RGHUQ
(OHFWURQLFV 7HFKQLTXH    LQ &KLQHVH

80