CTC 071 Borescope Inspection

TRAINING MANUAL
CFM56-5B
BORESCOPE INSPECTION
MARCH 1998
CTC-071
  CFM56-5B TRAINING MANUAL
BORESCOPE INSPECTION
Published by CFMI
CFMI Customer Training Center CFMI Customer Training Services

Snecma (RXEF) GE Aircraft Engines
Direction de l’Après-Vente Civile Customer Technical Education Center
MELUN-MONTEREAU 123 Merchant Street
Aérodrome de Villaroche B.P. 1936 Mail Drop Y2
77019 - MELUN-MONTEREAU
MELUN-MONTEREAU Cedex Cincinnati, Ohio 45246
FRANCE USA
EFFECTIVITY
ALL CFM56-5B ENGINES FOR A319-A320-A321
GENERAL Page 1
March 98
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
EFFECTIVITY
GENERAL Page 2
March 98
  CFM56-5B TRAINING MANUAL
This CFMI publication is for Training Purposes Only . The information is accurate at the time of compilation; however, no
update service will be furnished to maintain accuracy. For authorized maintenance practices and specifications, consult
pertinent maintenance publications.
The information (including technical data) contained in this document is the property of CFM International (GE and
SNECMA). It is disclosed in confidence, and the technical data therein is exported under a U.S. Government license.
Therefore, None of the information may be disclosed to other than the recipient.
In addition, the technical data therein and the direct product of those data, may not be diverted, transferred, re-exported
or disclosed in any manner not provided for by the license without prior written approval of both the U.S. Government and
CFM International.
COPYRIGHT 1998 CFM INTERNATIONAL
EFFECTIVITY
GENERAL Page 3
March 98
EFFECTIVITY
GENERAL Page 4
March 98
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EFFECTIVITY
CONTENTS March
Page 1
98
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
ENGINE INSPECTION AREAS AND COMPONENTS
Given an objective exercise, the student will identify;

...the borescope inspection areas of a CFM56-5B engine (4.A.a)
...selected components of the CFM56-5B Fan and Booster (4.A.a)
...selected components of the CFM56-5B High Pressure Compressor (4.A.a)
...definitions of selected areas within the High Pressure Compressor of the CFM56-5B engine (4.A.a)
...selected components of the CFM56-5B Combustor (4.A.a)
...definitions of selected areas within the Combustor of the CFM56-5B engine (4.A.a)
...definitions of selected areas within the HPT Nozzle Guide Vanes of the CFM56-5B engine (4.A.a)
...selected components of the CFM56-5B HPT Rotor Blades And Shrouds (4.A.a)
...selected components of the CFM56-5B LPT Rotor Blades And Nozzles (4.A.a)
...definitions of selected areas within the LPT Rotor Blades And Nozzles of the CFM56-5B engine (4.A.a)
Given an objective exercise, the student will select the purpose of;
...the borescope inspection areas of a CFM56-5B engine (4.B.a)
...selected inspection areas of the CFM56-5B Fan and Booster (4.B.a)
...selected inspection areas of the CFM56-5B High Pressure Compressor (4.B.a)
...selected inspection areas of the CFM56-5B Combustor (4.B.a)
...selected inspection areas of the CFM56-5B HPT Rotor Blades And Shrouds (4.B.a)
...selected inspection areas of the CFM56-5B LPT Rotor Blades And Nozzles (4.B.a)
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
ENGINE INSPECTION
Page 1
March 98
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AREAS AND COMPONENTS
 
BORESCOPE INSPECTION AREAS
CFM56-5B TRAINING MANUAL
Identification.
The following are the inspection areas borescoped by the

technician on the CFM56-5 engine :
- Fan and booster - the fan blades, outlet guide vanes,
booster blades and the booster vanes.
- High pressure compressor - high pressure
compressor (HPC) rotor blades and stator vanes.
- Combustor
a. Single annular combustor (SAC)
b. Dual annular combustor (DAC) optional
- Fuel nozzles (20)
- High pressure turbine (HPT) - rotor and HPT nozzle
guide vanes.
- Low pressure turbine (LPT) - rotors and nozzle guide
vanes.
Purpose.
The purpose of the CFM56-5B borescope inspection of

selected areas is to evaluate the condition of the
individual components and, if necessary, monitor them
under a cycle limitation, repair them or remove the engine
before a failure of the component occurs.
The high bypass, dual rotor, axial flow turbofan engine

uses a low pressure and a high pressure rotor, which turn
independently.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
ENGINE INSPECTION
Page 2
March 98
FAN AND BOOSTER HIGH LOW

PRESSURE E PRESSURE
COMPRESSOR R R TURBINE
O U
T S E
S S N
I
U E B
B R R
M P U
O H T
C G
I
H
CTC-071-001-00
BORESCOPE INSPECTION AREAS
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
ENGINE INSPECTION
Page 3
March 98
  CFM56-5B
HARD COATING
TRAINING MANUAL
(CONCAVE SIDE
ALL BLADES
ALL STAGES)
BLADE
STIFFENER
BLADE
LOCKING
NOTE: LUGS
ALL BLADES ARE OF SQUEALER TIP TYPE.
FWD
CTC-071-004-00
HPC INSPECTION AREAS
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
ENGINE INSPECTION
Page 9
March 98
 
COMBUSTION CHAMBER
Identification. Purpose.
The following are the components in the combustion The purpose of the combustor borescope inspection
chamber area that are borescoped : areas is to evaluate the condition of the combustor for
- Combustion chamber either. defects and if necessary put the combustor under a cycle
a. Single annular combustor (SAC), or the limitation or remove the engine before a failure of the
b. Double annular combustor (DAC) optional. combustor occurs.
- High pressure turbine nozzles
- Fuel nozzles
The CFM56-5B has a single annular combustor with 20

fuel nozzles and 2 igniter plugs which allow access for
additional inspections.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
ENGINE INSPECTION
Page 10
March 98
FUEL NOZZLES HPT NOZZLE
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER
CTC-071-005-00
COMBUSTION CHAMBER
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
ENGINE INSPECTION
Page 11
March 98
 
COMBUSTION CHAMBER (SAC) INSPECTION
AREAS
Identification.
The following are the inspection areas of the SAC

combustion chamber :
- The inner and outer liners - are designed with panel
overhangs which contain closely spaced holes for
film cooling.
- The dilution holes in the liners - that provide
additional air for combustion. Four of them are used
as borescope ports.
- Thermal barrier coating (TBC) - on both outer and
inner liners.
- Inner and outer cowls
The outer liner accommodates 2 ferrules for the igniters

which are used as borescope ports.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
ENGINE INSPECTION
Page 12
March 98
OUTER LINER
COOLING HOLES
PANEL
OVERHANG
INNER
COWL INNER
LINER
DILUTION
HOLES
OUTER COWL
PANELS
IGNITER FERRULE
CTC-071-006-00
COMBUSTION CHAMBER (SAC) INSPECTION AREAS
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
ENGINE INSPECTION
Page 13
March 98
 
AREAS
Identification.
The following are the combustion chamber inspection

areas:
- Fuel nozzle tips
- Fuel nozzle stems outside the combustor dome
- Sleeves with 2 concentric swirlers.
- Deflectors.
- Inner cowl.
- Outer cowl.
- Spectacle plate or the dome plate.
- Dome area includes all of the above components.
A thermal barrier coating (TBC) is applied on the

deflectors, the spectacle plate and the other areas of the
hot section of the engine. The TBC is inspected and is a
light brown or white color.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
ENGINE INSPECTION
Page 14
March 98
SPECTACLE
TBC
OR DOME
PLATE
VIEW A
A
SECONDARY
SWIRL NOZZLE
DETAIL B SLEEVE
DEFLECTOR VIEW A
FUEL NOZZLE
SECONDARY
TIP
SWIRL NOZZLE
IGNITER
FERRULE
SPECTACLE
OUTER TBC
PLATE
COWL
SLEEVE
DEFLECTOR
PRIMARY SWIRL
NOZZLE
INNER DETAIL B
COWL
CTC-071-007-00
COMBUSTION CHAMBER (SAC) INSPECTION AREAS
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
ENGINE INSPECTION
Page 15
March 98
 
AREAS
Identification.
The following are the inspection areas for the combustion

chamber liners.
The outer liner has 5 panels:

- Panel 1 features 2 igniter holes (with ferrule), and 38
medium and large dilution holes. Four of the large
holes are used as borescope ports.
- Panel 3 features 60 medium dilution holes.
- Dome band.
The inner liner has 4 panels:

- Panel 1 features 40 medium and large dilution holes.
- Panel 3 features 60 medium dilution holes.
- Dome band.
Numerous film cooling holes are under the overhang

between each panel with thermal barrier coating (TBC)
on all liner panels.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
ENGINE INSPECTION
Page 16
March 98
OUTER LINER
PANEL 5
PANEL 4
PANEL 3
PANEL 2 PANEL 4
PANEL 1
PANEL 3
DOME
BAND PANEL 2
INNER LINER
DOME
PANEL 1
BAND
2 IGNITERS
INNER LINER 60 HOLES
AND 18 HOLES
20 HOLES
OUTER LINER
60 HOLES
TBC ON ALL SURFACES
20 HOLES
20 HOLES
DOME PANEL 1 PANEL 3
DOME PANEL 1 PANEL 3 PANEL 5 BAND
PANEL 2 PANEL 4
BAND
PANEL 2 PANEL 4
CTC-071-008-00 COMBUSTION CHAMBER (SAC) INSPECTION AREAS

EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
ENGINE INSPECTION
Page 17
March 98
 
LPT ROTOR BLADES AND NOZZLES
applied on the shrouded tip contact faces to prevent wear

and is an important inspection area.
The following are components of the low pressure The purpose of the LPT rotor blade and nozzle borescope
turbine that are to be inspected by the borescope. inspection areas is to evaluate their condition for defects
and if necessary, put the them under a cycle limitation or
Number of blades per stage remove the engine before a failure of the LPT component
- Stage 1 LPT rotor blades 162 blades occurs.
- Stage 1 LPT nozzle (limited visibility)
- Stage 2 LPT rotor blades 150 blades
- Honeycomb material which faces the blade tips and
acts as an abradable material.
The LPT extracts energy from the exiting gases to turn the
fan module that produces 80% of the thrust.
The LPT nozzle stage 1 is housed within the combustion

case and belongs to the core engine. It consists of
sectors of 4 vanes each. It has trailing edge slots for
cooling purposes. There is an anti corrosion anodization
coating on the LPT rotor stage 1 and stage 2. The color is
different from the color of the other stages. Each blade tip
shroud has 2 seal teeth for air sealing. A hard coating is
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
ENGINE INSPECTION
Page 22
March 98
  LPT ROTOR LPT ROTOR
CFM56-5B
LPT ROTOR LPT ROTOR

TRAINING MANUAL
STG1 STG2 STG3 STG4 TURBINE

REAR FRAME
LPT NOZZLE
STG1
LPT NOZZLE
STG2
LPT NOZZLE
STG3
LPT NOZZLE
STG4 HONEYCOMB ABRADABLE
MATERIAL (4 STAGES)
CTC-071-011-00
LPT ROTOR BLADES AND NOZZLES
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
ENGINE INSPECTION
Page 23
March 98
 
LPT ROTOR BLADES AND NOZZLES INSPECTION
AREAS
Identification.
The following are inspection areas of the LPT rotor blades

and nozzles:
- Rotor blade leading edge
- Rotor blade trailing edge
- Concave surfaces of rotor blade
- Convex surfaces of rotor blade
- Hard face surface of the rotor blade tip shroud
- Trailing edge of nozzle slots stage 1
- Leading edge of some of the LPT nozzles
- Trailing edge of some of the LPT nozzles
- Concave surfaces of some of the LPT nozzles
- Convex surfaces of some of the LPT nozzles.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
ENGINE INSPECTION
Page 24
March 98
10 O'CLOCK
BORESCOPE
PORT (S15)
S17
LEFT
IGNITER PLUG
PORT (S11)
CTC-071-013-00
BORESCOPE PORTS (LH SIDE)
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPE PORTS
Page 3
March 98
 
BORESCOPE PORTS (RH SIDE)
Identification.
These are the borescope inspection ports on the right

side of the engine.
- S03 (no plug installed here)

- S05 (no plug installed here)
- S1
- S2
- S3
- S4
- S5
- S6
- S7
- S8
- S9
- S10
- S12
- S13
- S14
- S16
- S18
- S19
- S20
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPE PORTS
Page 4
March 98
1 O'CLOCK
3 O'CLOCK BORESCOPE
BORESCOPE PORT (S12)
PORT (S13)
RIGHT SPARK
IGNITER PORT
(S10)
S18 THROUGH S20
S16
6 O'CLOCK BORESCOPE S1 THROUGH S9 S0 BORESCOPE PORT

PORT (S14) (AT 3:30 O'CLOCK, INNER WALL
OF FAN BYPASS DUCT,
BETWEEN 2 OGV'S.)
CTC-071-014-00
BORESCOPE PORTS (RH SIDE)
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPE PORTS
Page 5
March 98
 
HPT SECTION / LPT STAGE 1 NOZZLE BORESCOPE
PORTS
The HPT Section / LPT Stage 1 Nozzle borescope ports The purpose of this inspection, through the ports S10
are located around the combustor case. Ports S10 and and S11, and S16 and S17, is to allow veiwing of the
S11 are the igniter ports while the borescope ports S16 HPT section of the engine.
and S17 accommodate a spring loaded type plug with a
hexagonal head. There is no port to inspect the HPT blades with a rigid
probe. Use a flexible borescope with a guide tube going
Either Port S10 and S11 are the igniter plug BSI ports. through the combustion chamber and the HPT nozzles to
Refer to the AMM to remove the igniter plugs. inspect the HPT blade leading edges.
Borescope ports S16 and S17 have a cap with an

hexagonal head, and a spring loaded plug.
CAUTION : DO NOT MIX THESE PLUGS WITH THE

S12 TO S15 PLUGS. THEY LOOKS SIMILAR, BUT IF
YOU TRY TO INSTALL THEM, ENGINE DAMAGE MAY
OCCUR.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPE PORTS
Page 14
March 98
BORESCOPE PORT
LOCATIONS
S16,S17
BORESCOPE
PLUGS
S10 S11 S10

IGNITER IGNITER
S17 S16
S16
AFT LOOKING FORWARD
FWD
FWD
S17
S11
FWD
S16,S17
CTC-071-019-00
HPT SECTION / LPT STAGE 1 NOZZLE BORESCOPE PORTS
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPE PORTS
Page 15
March 98
 
LOW PRESSURE TURBINE BORESCOPE PORTS
Identification.
The LPT Stage 1 Nozzle borescope ports are located

around the combustor case. The borescope ports S16
and S17 accommodate a spring loaded type plug with a
hexagonal head. The borescope ports S18, S19, and
S20 accommodate a short spring loaded type plug with a
hexagonal head.
Borescope S16 and S17 have a cap with a hexagonal

head, and a long spring loaded plug. Borescope ports
S18, S19 and S20 have a cap with a hexagonal head
and a short spring loaded plug.
CAUTION: DO NOT MIX SHORT AND LONG PLUGS

BETWEEN PORTS. DAMAGE TO THE ENGINE MAY
OCCUR.
The LPT borescope ports are located at approximately

the 5 O’clock and the 8 O’clock positions, on the
combustion case and on the LPT case.
Purpose.
The purpose of the 5 borescope ports, S16 to S20, is for

the inspection of the Low Pressure Turbine section of the
engine are.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPE PORTS
Page 16
March 98
 
FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE SET
This is the CFM56-5B engine standard flexible The flexible probe is used for a specific purpose, the
borescope equipment tool used for borescope inspection inspection of the engine hot section or special
: inspections.
- flexible borescope kit with a light source and guide
tubes. Refer to the Non Destructive Test Manual for more
information.
The CFMI tool 856A1321 flexible borescope set and the
borescope guide tube 856A1310 are designed to be
used on the CFM56 engines and are designed to meet
the CFMI specification M50TF1855. Equivalent
borescope equipment can be used for borescope
inspection. Optional equipment is available for cameras,
computers, VCR’S, and special tools that attach to the
borescope equipment. Other borescope systems may be
acceptable if they meet the CFMI specification mentioned
above.
Refer to the Non Destructive Test Manual and to the

CFMI specifications M50TF1855 for more information on
the required characteristics.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT
Page 4
March 98
CONTROL
TELEVISION ADAPTER
CAMERA ADAPTER
FLEXIBLE LIGHT AND
OPTICAL VIEWING CABLE
CONNECTOR
DISTAL LIGHT
FLEXIBLE LIGHT SOURCE CABLE
AND VIEWING LENS
STRAIGHTENING ROD
GUIDE TUBE
CTC-071-024-00
FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE SET
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT
Page 5
March 98
 
CORE ENGINE PNEUMATIC ROTATION TOOL
Identification.
This is the CFM56-5B engine core pneumatic rotational

tool used for borescope inspection.
Purpose.
Several methods are used to rotate the core and the

purpose is to inspect all the rotor blades :
- Manual method. Insert a ¾ inch drive ratchet in the
handcranking pad. If you turn the drive CW, the
rotor turns CW ALF. To turn the N2 rotor, you can
turn it through the handcranking pad. Refer to the
AMM (72-63-01) to remove the handcranking pad
cover.
- Air driven motor. Install the pneumatic motor
assembly on the pad. The direction of rotation and
speed of the core engine rotor can be selected
through the hand or foot control device. Refer to
the NDT manual for more information on the
pneumatic motor assembly.
TIP:
The air supply source must be free of unwanted water or
other particles. So it is highly recommended to install a
filter upstream the pneumatic air drive. A device to add
lubricant in the air supply is also recommended.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT
Page 6
March 98
CAPTIVE
BOLT PROTRACTOR
CLAMP
A
CORE
ROTATION
DRIVE MOTOR
VIEW A
STARTER PAD
ACCESSORY
SHOP AIR SUPPLY
GEARBOX
CONNECTOR
HAND OPERATED CONTROL

(FOOT CONTROL OPTIONAL)
CTC-071-025-00
CORE ENGINE PNEUMATIC ROTATION TOOL
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT
Page 7
March 98
 
CORE ENGINE ELECTRONIC ROTATIONAL TOOL
Identification.
This is the CFM56-5B engine core electronic rotational

tool used for borescope inspection.
Purpose.
Several methods are used to rotate the core and the

purpose is to inspect all the rotor blades :
- Manual method
- Electronic Turning Tool. Install the ETT motor
assembly on the pad. The direction of rotation and
speed of the core engine rotor can be selected on
the control box.
The ETT can control rotation and help to avoid overshoot

during inspection of the rotor blades. It also has an
automatic feature to count blades and you can flag
damage if found for a quick future reference. The
information can also be stored for the next inspection :
- Electronic Turnover Tool (ETT). Sweeney
P/N18946.
Install the electronic rotational tool by inserting the 3/4

inch square drive of the ETT adapter into the
core drive pad.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT
Page 8
March 98
ETT ADAPTER
(DEPENDS ON
ENGINE TYPE) ETT DRIVE
MOTOR
ETT POWER
UNIT
PROTRACTOR
3/4 INCH SQUARE DRIVE
ETT CONTROLLER
CFM56-5B
CTC-071-026-00 CORE ENGINE ELECTRONIC ROTATIONAL TOOL

EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT
Page 9
March 98
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT
Page 10
March 98
 
HIGH PRESSURE COMPRESSOR INSPECTION
Functional Description
Unscheduled Inspection
If defects are found during a scheduled inspection, or if
the engine experienced an abnormal operating problem,
then perform an unscheduled inspection. During an
unscheduled inspection, inspect the High Pressure
Compressor through all ports.
First, go through the HPC port S4.

Use rigid probe N°3 (green) to index the N2 rotor.
Once the core rotor is indexed, perform inspection of the

stage 1 rotor, port S1. Use probe N° 2 (yellow) for general
inspection of the rotor blades.
Defect assessment may require the use of probes N°3

(green) and N°4 (blue).
Use probe N°3 to perform inspection of the L/E platform

area and probe N°4 to inspect the L/E blade tip area.
Repeat the same method for ports S2 to S9.
Map the defects on the special reporting form (Refer to

NDT manual for the reporting maps).
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 24
March 98
  CFM56-5B TRAINING MANUAL
OPEN VSV'S TO VIEW
UNSCHEDULED INSPECTION
PROBE 2 (YELLOW): GENERAL VIEW
PROBE 3 (GREEN): PLATFORM AREA
PROBE 4 (BLUE): BLADE TIP
CTC-071-038-00
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 25
March 98
 
Functional Description High Pressure Compressor (HPC) rotor blade damage

may occur after the engine experienced an abnormal
Typical Defects operating problem.The following list provides the
When the High pressure Compressor blades are conditions where a complete HPC borescope inspection
inspected, the following defects should be evaluated with should be performed:
the aircraft maintenance manual serviceability limits:
- HPC stall
- Cracks or tears, (this may occur during engine acceleration).
- Nicks and scratches, - Foreign Object Damage (FOD).
- dents, - High level of vibration of the N2 rotor.
- Erosion, - N2 rotor overspeed.
- Tip curl, - Heavy landing.
- Pits, - Oil fumes detected in cabin air.
- Distortion of leading and/or trailing edges,
- Missing material,
- Dirt buildup
- Shingling and/or distortion of blade platform.
- Cracks in blade locking lugs.
- Locking lugs missing or loose.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 26
March 98
LEADING WEAR
EDGE
STAGES 4 TO 9
DENT
DISTORTION
NICK
LOOSE
LOCKING
LUGS
EROSION
CRACK
FORWARD
CHIPPED, WORN
ANTI-EROSION
COATING (CONCAVE
STAGE 1 MISSING
SIDE)
CORNER
LEADING
EDGE TIP CURL
LEADING
EDGE
SCRATCHES CRACK
TEAR
FOD STAGES 2 TO 9 SHINGLING
CTC-071-039-00
HIGH PRESSURE COMPRESSOR INSPECTION - TYPICAL DEFECTS
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 27
March 98
DOME ASSEMBLY
TYPICAL SPECTACLE
RADIAL PLATE
TYPICAL CRACKS TYPICAL
CIRCUMFERENTIAL CONNECTED
CRACKS CRACKS
TYPICAL
RADIAL
CRACKS
TYPICAL
SLEEVE RADIAL
CRACKS TYPICAL
CIRCUMFERENTIAL
CRACKS
TYPICAL
MISSING MISSING MATERIAL
MATERIAL BETWEEN THE CRACKS
SPECTACLE
PLATE SLEEVE
DEFLECTOR
BURN
THROUGH
HOLE
CTC-071-042-00
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 33
March 98
 
Typical Defects
(Continued)
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 34
March 98
IGNITER
HOLE
EXAMPLE OF
A BURN
THROUGH
EXAMPLE OF HOLE
A CRACK AT THE
IGNITER HOLE
EXAMPLE OF
CRACKS
ACROSS
4 PANELS
EXAMPLE OF
3 CRACKS ACROSS
EXAMPLE
ONE PANEL
OF MISSING
OVERHANG
LINERS
EXAMPLE OF AN AXIAL
DOME PANEL PANEL PANEL PANEL PANEL CRACK CONNECTED TO
BAND 1 2 3 4 5 A CIRCUMFERENTIAL
CRACK
LINERS EXAMPLE OF BURN

THROUGH HOLE
EXAMPLE OF
CRACKS ACROSS
DILUTION 3 PANELS
HOLES
EXAMPLE OF
CRACKS ACROSS
MORE THAN 3
PANELS
DOME PANEL PANEL PANEL PANEL
BAND 1 2 3 4
CTC-071-043-00
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 35
March 98
 
HPT NOZZLE INSPECTION
Functional Description (4.D.a)
Scheduled Inspection - Rigid Probe Unscheduled Inspection - Rigid Probe

During a scheduled inspection, inspect HPT nozzles If defects are found during a scheduled inspection, or if
through ports S13 and S15. This inspection is normally the engine experienced an abnormal operating problem,
carried out in conjunction with the combustion chamber then perform an unscheduled inspection.
inspection.
For the HPT nozzles, use ports S12, S13, S14 and S15
Use probe N°1 (black, high magnification) to inspect the plus igniters ports S10 and S11.
HPT nozzle segments. The high intensity light source is
used to accurately inspect the HPT nozzles. Use probe N°1 (black, high magnification) to inspect the
Insert the probe into the borescope ports and inspect the HPT nozzle segments concave sides and leading edges.
leading edges of the nozzle segments.
Note: If defects are found, a complete inspection of the

combustion chamber and the nozzles has to be
performed.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 36
March 98
TRAILING EDGE
CORNER PIECE MISSING
OUTER
PLATFORM
AIRFOIL
TRAILING
EDGE
TRAILING EDGE CRACK

WITH BURNT / MISSING LEADING EDGE
MATERIAL BURNT / MISSING
MATERIAL
TRAILING EDGE
AXIAL CRACK
AIRFOIL
LEADING INNER
EDGE PLATFORM
CTC-071-046-00
HPT NOZZLE INSPECTION - TYPICAL DEFECTS
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 41
March 98
 
HPT ROTOR BLADES AND HPT SHROUD
INSPECTION
Functional Description (4.D.a)
Scheduled Inspection - Rigid Probe

During a scheduled inspection, inspect the HPT rotor
blade T/E through ports S16 and S17and the rear portion
of the HPT shroud.
First, go through the HPC port S4 and use probe N°3

(green) to perform the N2 rotor zero index position
procedure.
Once the core rotor is indexed, inspect the HPT blade

T/E, tips, concave and convex sides through the S16 and
S17 ports.
Use probes 2, 3 and 4. Probe N°2 (yellow) is used for

general inspection. Probes N°3 (green) and N°4 (blue)
are used to carry out a detailed inspection of the platform
and tip areas.
If defects are found, an inspection of the L/E has to be

performed.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 42
March 98
RIGID BORESCOPE
S16, S17
HPT SHROUD
HPT BLADES
PROBE 1 (BLACK): DEFECT ASSESSMENT
PROBE 2 (YELLOW): GENERAL INSPECTION
PROBE 3 (GREEN): PLATFORM INSPECTION
PROBE 4 (BLUE): TIP INSPECTION
CTC-071-047-00
HPT ROTOR BLADES AND HPT SHROUD INSPECTION - RIGID PROBE
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 43
March 98
 
HPT ROTOR BLADES AND HPT SHROUD
INSPECTION
Functional Description Carefully insert the flexible probe into the guide tube and
monitor the probe insertion in between the nozzle vanes.
Unscheduled Inspection - Flexible Probe Guide the tip of the flexible probe between the nozzle
If defects are found during a scheduled inspection, or if vanes by using the tip deflection control and position it to
the engine experienced an abnormal operating problem, see the L/E of the HPT blades.
then perform an unscheduled inspection.
Perform the inspection of the blades (rotate the core),
First, go through the HPC port S4 and use the rigid probe then the inspection of the HPT shroud segments
N°3 (green) to perform the N2 rotor zero index position
procedure. CAUTION: BE CAREFUL NOT TO INSERT THE
BORESCOPE BETWEEN BLADES WHILE ROTATING
If not already done, look through the S16 and S17 ports. THE ROTOR. THIS ACTION WILL RESULT IN BREAKAGE
Use probes 2, 3 and 4 and inspect platform and tip areas. OF THE BORESCOPE PROBE AND MAY REQUIRE
DISASSEMBLY OF THE ENGINE TO REMOVE THE
During an unscheduled inspection, inspect the HPT BROKEN PIECE.
blade L/E and the forward part of the HPT shroud.
You use the flexible probe with the guide tube. Map the defects on the special reporting form.
Insert the guide tube 856A1310 or 856A1351 through the
S10 or S11 ports, and position it between two nozzle
vanes.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 44
March 98
S16, S17
COMBUSTION CASE
IGNITER
PLUG PORT
RIGID
BORESCOPE
GUIDE TUBE
FOR FLEXIBLE
BORESCOPE
HPT BLADES
T/E SCHEDULED INSPECTION: HPT SHROUD
PROBE 2 : GENERAL INSPECTION
PROBE 3 : PLATFORM INSPECTION
PROBE 4 : TIP INSPECTION
PROBE 1 : DEFECT ASSESSMENT DO NOT ROTATE N2 !
HPTR L/E MAGNIFIED VIEW WIDE ANGLE OF VIEW MAGNIFIED VIEW

MULTI-PASS INSPECTION SINGLE PASS CONCAVE AIRFOIL HPTR TIP MAGNIFIED VIEW
CTC-071-048-00
HPT ROTOR BLADES AND HPT SHROUD INSPECTION - FLEXIBLE PROBE
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 45
March 98
 
LOW PRESSURE TURBINE INSPECTION
Unscheduled Inspections
When inspection of the Low Pressure Turbine section is
required, check the condition of all the LPT stages.
Remove the borescope plug S18 and inspect the trailing

edge of the first stage rotor blades. Use probes N°2,3
N°2,3 and
4. To get a better evaluation of the defects, you may use
probe N°1 (black) where possible. This port is also used
to carry out the inspection of stage 2 LPT blade leading
edges.
Repeat the same operation for borescope ports S19 and

S20.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 56
March 98
S16, S17
S18
PROBE 1 (BLACK): DEFECT ASSESSMENT S19
PROBE 2 (YELLOW): GENERAL INSPECTION
PROBE 3 (GREEN): PLATFORM
PLATFORM INSPECTION
S20
PROBE 4 (BLUE): TIP INSPECTION
CTC-071-054-00
LOW PRESSURE TURBINE UNSCHEDULED INSPECTION
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 57
March 98
 
Typical Defects
For inspection of stage 4 turbine blades, in addition to the
regular defects described, the following defects can also
be found:
- No more axial preload on the tip shroud assembly.
- Tip shroud interlock wear.
- Wear on the lateral faces of the tip shroud.
- Tip shroud not flush.
- Peeling airfoil surfaces and leading and trailing
edges.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 58
March 98
  SEE
A
CLEARANCE
TIP SHROUD
A INTERLOCKWEAR
SEE D
TIP SHROUD INTERLOCK GAPS
SEE C
NOT ALIGNED
NO CLEARANCE
UNLATCHED
TIP SHROUDS OR OUT OF FLUSH
UNLATCHED SHINGLED TIP SHROUDS
INTERLOCKS TIP SHROUDS
OR SHINGLED
B C
SEE B INTERLOCKS
CLEARANCE AT MATE LATERAL FACES WEAR
FACE
A A B B
INTERLOCK WEAR AT A 45 DEG. ANGLE
CLEARANCE
A-A
A-A B-B A
A
SHINGLING OUT OF
FLUSH
OFFSET D
CTC-071-055-00
LPT BLADE STAGE 4 TYPICAL DEFECTS
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 59
March 98
 
Inspection Areas
On the LPT blades, there are 2 specific areas which are
dimensionally defined through section letters:
- Area E (tip of the blade):
Portion of the blade airfoil starting from the bottom of
the tip shroud extending toward the blade
platform for approximately, 10 millimeters or 0.4
inch for stage 1, and 5 millimeters or 0.2 inch
for stage 3.
- Area E (bottom of the blade):
Portion of the blade airfoil starting from the top of the
blade platform and extending toward the
blade tip for approximately, 10 millimeters or 0.4
inch for stage 1, and 12 millimeters or 0.47
inch for stages 2, 3 and 4.
- Other Sections:
This is the remaining section of the blade which is all
L/E and T/E not including sections E.
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 60
March 98
EFFECTIVITY
72-00-00
BORESCOPEINSPECTION
Page 62
March 98

CTC 071 Borescope Inspection

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CTC 071 Borescope Inspection

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TRAINING MANUAL

CFMI Customer Training Center CFMI Customer Training Services

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COPYRIGHT 1998 CFM INTERNATIONAL

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ENGINE INSPECTION AREAS AND COMPONENTS

Given an objective exercise, the student will identify;

The following are the inspection areas borescoped by the

The purpose of the CFM56-5B borescope inspection of

The high bypass, dual rotor, axial flow turbofan engine

FAN AND BOOSTER HIGH LOW

The CFM56-5B has a single annular combustor with 20

FUEL NOZZLES HPT NOZZLE

The following are the inspection areas of the SAC

The outer liner accommodates 2 ferrules for the igniters

The following are the combustion chamber inspection

A thermal barrier coating (TBC) is applied on the

The following are the inspection areas for the combustion

The outer liner has 5 panels:

The inner liner has 4 panels:

Numerous film cooling holes are under the overhang

TBC ON ALL SURFACES

CTC-071-008-00 COMBUSTION CHAMBER (SAC) INSPECTION AREAS

applied on the shrouded tip contact faces to prevent wear

The LPT nozzle stage 1 is housed within the combustion

LPT ROTOR LPT ROTOR

STG1 STG2 STG3 STG4 TURBINE

The following are inspection areas of the LPT rotor blades

These are the borescope inspection ports on the right

- S03 (no plug installed here)

S18 THROUGH S20

6 O'CLOCK BORESCOPE S1 THROUGH S9 S0 BORESCOPE PORT

Borescope ports S16 and S17 have a cap with an

CAUTION : DO NOT MIX THESE PLUGS WITH THE

S10 S11 S10

The LPT Stage 1 Nozzle borescope ports are located

Borescope S16 and S17 have a cap with a hexagonal

CAUTION: DO NOT MIX SHORT AND LONG PLUGS

The LPT borescope ports are located at approximately

The purpose of the 5 borescope ports, S16 to S20, is for

Refer to the Non Destructive Test Manual and to the

This is the CFM56-5B engine core pneumatic rotational

Several methods are used to rotate the core and the

HAND OPERATED CONTROL

This is the CFM56-5B engine core electronic rotational

Several methods are used to rotate the core and the

The ETT can control rotation and help to avoid overshoot

Install the electronic rotational tool by inserting the 3/4

3/4 INCH SQUARE DRIVE

CTC-071-026-00 CORE ENGINE ELECTRONIC ROTATIONAL TOOL

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First, go through the HPC port S4.

Once the core rotor is indexed, perform inspection of the

Defect assessment may require the use of probes N°3

Use probe N°3 to perform inspection of the L/E platform

Repeat the same method for ports S2 to S9.

Map the defects on the special reporting form (Refer to

OPEN VSV'S TO VIEW

Functional Description High Pressure Compressor (HPC) rotor blade damage

FOD STAGES 2 TO 9 SHINGLING

LINERS EXAMPLE OF BURN

Functional Description (4.D.a)

Scheduled Inspection - Rigid Probe Unscheduled Inspection - Rigid Probe