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Cerebral Angiography (Dsa) - Technique and Normal Anatomy: DR Prashant Shringi Senior Resident Neurology
Cerebral Angiography (Dsa) - Technique and Normal Anatomy: DR Prashant Shringi Senior Resident Neurology
ANGIOGRAPHY(DSA)-
TECHNIQUE AND
NORMAL ANATOMY
Dr prashant shringi
Senior resident neurology
NORMAL ANATOMY
• ARTERIAL SUPPLY
• 2 Internal Carotid Artery
• 2 Vertebral Arteries
CIRCLE OF WILLIS
• Grand Vascular Station of the Brain
• Classical –18% to 20%
• Majority circles shows anomaly-52%
• Most frequent anomaly is hypoplasia of ACA-24%
• Accesory vessels in the form of duplication/triplicationsof
ACOM (2 M.C.) -12%
Fetal posterior cerebral artery-10%
CIRCLE OF WILLIS
COMPONENTS:
P1-Peduncular/Precommunicating
P2-Ambient segment
P3-Quadrigeminal segment
P4-Cortical branches
• 2 major terminal br of PCA—
•
• parieto occipital art & calcarine art
POSTERIOR FOSSA
• Vertebral artery
• Basilar artrery
• Vertebral arteries
• Originate from the subclavian arteries
• Left VA is dominant in 60% cases
Branches of vertebral artery
• Extracranial -numerous branches to the meninges,spinal
cord & muscles
• -Posterior meningeal artery
• Intracranial-
-Anterior spinal artery
• -Posterior inferior cerebellar Art.
• Anterior medullary
• Lateral medullary
• Tonsillomedullary
• Telovelotonsillar
• Cortical branches
BASILAR ARTERY
• Right and left VA unite to form basilar artery
• Courses infront of pons (Prepontine cistern)
terminates in the interpeduncular cistern
• 3cm in length,1.5 to 4mm in width
Branches of basilar artery
• Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
• Superior cerebellar artery
• Pontine artery
• Labyrinthine artery
Normal VARIANTS
• Fenestrations and duplications
• Variants of the circle of Willis
• Persistent carotid-basilar anastomoses
• Anomalies identified in the skull base
Normal Variants of the Circle of Willis
CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY
• Angiography –
• SUBTRACTION?
• It is simply a technique by which bone
structures images are subtracted or canceled
out from a film of bones plus opacified vessels,
“leaving an unobscured image of the vessels”
DSA
• Acquisition of digital fluoroscopic images
combined with injection of contrast material
and real time subtraction of pre- and post
contrast images to perform angiography is
referred to as digital subtraction angiography
HISTORY
Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz,( Nobel
Prize winner 1949), in 1927 developed the
technique of contrast x-ray cerebral angiography
to diagnose diseases,
such as tumors and arteriovenous
malformations.
• Idea of subtraction images was first proposed
by the Dutch radiologist Ziedses des Plantes in
the 1935, when he was able to produce
subtracted images using plain films.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
• CONVENTIONAL SUBTRACTION TECHNIQUE:
• SCOUT FILM
• ANGIOGRAM FILM-CONTRAST
• NO MOTION OF HEAD
PRINCIPAL
• Principles of subtraction are based on the
following:
• Embolisation
• Stenting
• Thrombolysis
• Thrombectomy
Contra indications
• No absolute contraindication.
• Poor renal reserve.
• Deranged coagulogram.
• Allergic to contrast media
Contrast Media
• Blood vessels are not normally seen in an x-ray
image, because of low tissue contrast.
Sim -1
•
Guide Wires Medicut
PREPARATION
• Should be well
• Nil orally 4-6 hrs. hydrated.
• On trolley • Should void before
• In hospital gown
procedure.
• Peripheral pulses
• Groin shave
marked.
• Records
• I.V line in place.
• Informed consent
PROCEDURE
• Gaining arterial access.
• Selective arterial catheterization.
• Image acquisition.
• Closure of arterial access.
• Post processing
• Hard copy
• Patients may be sedated to reduce anxiety.
• Monitor of vitals
• Hatakeyama Y, Kakeda S, Korogi Y, et al. Intracranial 2D and 3DDSA with flat panel detector of the
direct conversion type: initial experience. Eur Radiol 2006;16:2594 –2602.
Digital subtraction techniques
• Mask subtraction
• Dual energy subtraction
• Time interval differencing
• Temporal filtering
• Allura Xper FD20/10 biplane flat detector
system with integrated 3D for intricate
neurovascular procedures.
• 3D- reconstructions
• Xper CT
• SPECTRA BEAM
• 3D Roadmapping
• multi-modality information integration
• Redefines image clarity and captures
information at a resolution four times greater
than conventional X-ray systems.
Xper CT
• With XperCT clinicians can access CT-like imaging right
on the angio system so can assess soft tissue, bone
structure and other body structures before, during or after
an interventional procedure.
• Uptodate.com
• Digital substraction Angiography ;John hopkins Medical university
• Gray’s text book of anatomy
• Teachme anatomy .com
• THANK YOU