Definition of realism:

Realism is a movement on art and literature, That began in the 19th

century. In the arts, realism is the accurate, detailed, and
unembellished depiction of nature or contemporary life. It is a literary
movement that portrays everyday life exactly how it is. It lasted until
the 20th century.It focuses on the real world, allowed readers to
encounter their lives, worlds and accurate the depiction of others in the
movement. Realism opposes imaginative idealisation in favour of close
examination of outward appearances. As a result, realism in its
broadest sense has encompassed numerous artistic currents in various
civilizations.

Some of the best known realist writers were Daniel Defoe, Stephen
crane, George Moore, Henry James and Jack London.

Features of realism

It rejects the idealized and romantic hero

It focuses on reality
Events are plausible and believable
Social class is important
characters are more important than action and plot
Characters display real human qualities as Temper and insecurities
Language is natural and not heightened or poetic
objectivity in the presentation is important
no allegory or symbolism
Characteristics display the real human qualities as temper and
insecurities and selflessness.

Difference between naturalism & realism:

Realism and naturalism are two distinct but intertwined literary
movements that emerged in the nineteenth century. Realism depicts
characters and settings as they would have existed in reality, whereas
naturalism focuses on biological, social, and economic aspects. Both
attempt to depict reality.
Realism thought to be a faithful representation of life while naturalism
was more like a chronicle of despair
naturalism proceeded from realism and can be seen as an exaggerated
form of realism
in realism the main focus was on the middle class and its problems
naturalism focused on poorly educated or lower class characters
Henrik Ibsen

He was a Norwegian playwright and theatre director and poet. He lived

from 1828 to 1906. He was one of the founders of modernism in
theatre. He was also known as the “Father of Realism.” He was one of
the most influential playwrights of his time. He is the world most
frequently performed dramatists after Shakespeare.
His most famous plays are “ Doll House “ , “ Peer Gynt “ , “ Brand “ , “
Ghosts “ and “ An enemy of the people.”

Bertolt Brecht

He was a German playwright, director, and poet. He lived from 1898 to

1956. He was besbrand, wn for his epic theatre style that aimed to
create social and political change through entertainment. He believed
the theatre should not simply entertain but also educate and inspire
the audience to take action. He was one of the most influential
playwrights of the 20th century.
His most famous works are
“The three pennies Oprah”, “Mother Courage, and her children” , “ the
good person of Szechwan “
His ideas continued to influence modern-day playwrights and directors.

 Mikhail sholokhov

He was a famous Russian writer. He lived from 1905 to 1984. He is

inspired by the culture and traditions of the Cossack people. He began
his writing career at a young age. He won the Nobel Prize in literature in
1965. He is known for writing about life and fate of don cossacks during
the Russian Revolution.He had a lifelong political career. He began
writing at 17 his first published book being “ Tales of the Don “.
His most famous works are
“ And quiet flows the don “ , “Tikhy don” , “ the fate of the man “ and “
the silent Don” .
He became an important figure in Russian literature, admired by
readers worldwide.

The Russian civil war

The four-year Russian Civil War (1918–1922) lasted. It was a battle

between the anti-Bolshevik “White Army” and the “Red Army,” which
was led by the Bolsheviks. It was brought about by the development of
anti-Bolshevik sentiment following November 1917. Manarchists,
militarists, and, for a brief while, foreign countries were among these
groups. They were referred to collectively as the “Whites,” whereas the
Bolsheviks were referred to as the “Reds.” Millions of people died as a
result of the war, which also stifled the revolution, obliterated
democracy, and paved the way for a Stalinist tyranny. As a result, the
Bolshevik party, sometimes known as “the Reds,” won a civil war.