SECTION 8

FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

WHEN YOU COMPLETE THIS LESSON, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO:

1. LIST THE 12 COMPONENTS IN THE FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.

2. TRACE THE FLOW OF FUEL THROUGH THE FUEL SYSTEM SCHEMATIC.

3. NAME THE 2 FUEL PORTS THAT CONNECT THE FUEL PUMP TO THE FMU.

4. STATE THE PURPOSE OF THE FUEL BYPASS VALVE.

5. NAME THE SOURCE OF HEAT USED BY THE FUEL HEATING SYSTEM.

6. NAME THE COMPONENT THAT CAUSES FUEL TO BE TURNED “ON” AND “OFF.”

7. STATE THE PURPOSE OF THE FUEL DISTRIBUTION VALVE.

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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
OVERVIEW

Purpose: Description and Operation:

• The fuel distribution system supplies ice–free filtered fuel • Fuel flows from the aircraft fuel tank to the fuel pump
at the pressure and flow rates that are necessary to meet all boost stage inlet.
engine operating requirements. • Pump boost stage discharge fuel flows to the fuel/oil
cooler.
Components:
• From the fuel / oil cooler, the fuel is returned to the fuel
• Fuel Distribution pump. It is filtered and sent to the main stage.
– EEC • Most of the main stage discharge fuel flows to the fuel
– Main fuel supply line metering unit. Some of the main stage discharge becomes
servo supply fuel (Pf).
– Fuel pump
– Fuel pump filter
• Servo fuel (Pf) flows through the servo fuel heater to the
interface components.
– Fuel bypass valve cover plate • Metered fuel flows through the fuel flow transmitter to the
– Fuel/oil cooler and bypass valve fuel distribution valve. Bypass fuel is returned to pump
– Fuel metering unit interstage flow.
– Flow divider valve supply tube • From the fuel distribution valve, the metered fuel flows
– Fuel distribution valve through the fuel manifolds to the fuel injectors.
– Fuel injector supply manifolds • The EEC receives aircraft and engine information to
– Fuel injectors schedule fuel flow through an electronic interface with the
fuel metering unit.
– Servo fuel heater
• Fuel Indication / Data Fuel Specification:
– Fuel pump filter ΔP switch
– Fuel temperature (Tfuel)
• PWA Service Bulletin 2016

– Fuel flow transmitter

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 ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
OVERVIEW

Description and Operation (cont):

• Fuel at aircraft boost pump pressure flows to the engine • Any fuel that is not used as metered or servo supply flow
fuel pump. It flows across the boost stage, is directed out becomes bypass return flow and is returned to pump
of the pump, through the fuel/oil cooler, and is returned to interstage.
the pump. It flows across the fuel pump filter and on to
the main stage. Main stage discharge flows to the fuel
• FMU bypass return flow joins boost stage outlet flow.
metering unit and becomes metered fuel or bypass return
fuel.
• Main stage discharge also becomes servo supply fuel (Pf).
Servo supply fuel is used in:
– The fuel metering unit.
– Interface systems components as an actuation
pressure.
• The metered fuel flows from the fuel metering unit,
through the fuel flow transmitter, to the fuel distribution
valve where it is distributed to the fuel manifolds. From
the fuel manifolds the fuel flows to the fuel injectors
where it is atomized for combustion.

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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SCHEMATIC
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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
COMPONENT LOCATION
Engine Right Side - Component (FIN):
• Main fuel supply line
– Attached at one end to the pylon fuel interface panel.
At the other end, the line is bolted to the engine fuel
pump found on the front right side of the main
gearbox (MGB)
• Fuel pump (5050EB)
– Attached to the front right side of the MGB
• Fuel Metering Unit (FMU) (4071KS)
– Installed on the front of the fuel pump found on the
front right side of the MGB
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• Fuel flow transmitter (4101KS)
– Installed on the fuel distribution valve found on the
high pressure compressor (HPC) rear case at the 4:00
position
• Fuel distribution valve (5002EB)
– Attached to the HPC rear case at the 4:00 position
• Fuel supply manifold
– Connected to the fuel distribution valve supply tubes
at one end and to the fuel injectors mounted around
the diffuser case at the other end
• Fuel injector and support (5020EB1 to 5020EB24)
– Connected to the fuel supply manifolds and mounted
at twenty four equally–spaced locations around the
diffuser case
8-6
 SYSTEM COMPONENTS - RIGHT SIDE
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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
COMPONENT LOCATION

Engine Left Side - Component (FIN):

• Fuel/oil cooler (5002EN)

– Mounted to the high pressure compressor rear case at
the 8:00 position
• Fuel injector and support (5020EB1 to 5020EB24)
– Connected to the fuel supply manifolds and mounted
at twenty four equally–spaced locations around the
diffuser case
• Fuel supply manifolds
– Connected to the fuel distribution valve supply tubes
at one end and to the fuel injectors mounted around
the diffuser case at the other end
• Servo fuel heater (5010EB)
– Attached to the top of the main oil filter housing
• EEC (4000KS)
– Lower left fan case

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 SYSTEM COMPONENTS - LEFT SIDE
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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

MAIN FUEL SUPPLY LINE

Purpose:

• The main fuel supply line is used to send fuel from the aircraft
pylon to the fuel pump inlet.

Location:

• The main fuel supply line is found between the pylon fuel
interface panel and the fuel pump.

Description and Operation:

• The main fuel supply line gets fuel from the aircraft to the
engines.

DC
Make sure you install and clamp the main fuel
IFSD supply line correctly. If you do not, fuel will
leak into the nacelle or onto the engine.

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 MAIN FUEL SUPPLY LINE DC
IFSD
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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

FUEL PUMP
Purpose:
• The fuel pump is used to supply pressurized interstage fuel to
the fuel/oil cooler and pressurized main stage fuel to the fuel
metering unit. It also used to supply servo supply fuel (Pf) to:
– Selected compressor airflow control, turbine case cooling
airflow control, and fuel and oil system components.
Location:
• Servo supply fuel is supplied through the FV2 tap.
– During engine start, the fuel pump keeps a minimum
pressure of approximately 300 psig to control the engine
system actuators.
• The main stage pressure relief valve opens at approximately
1400 psid.

• The fuel pump is found on the front right side of the main
• The fuel pump has an overboard drain for fuel pump / main
gearbox drive seal leakage.
gearbox.
– Overboard drain leakage limits can be found in AMM
Description and Operation: Chapter 71 under "Engine Operation Limits and
• The two stage fuel pump has a boost stage and a main stage. Guidelines."
– The boost stage is a centrifugal pump. • Line replaceable units include the:
– The main stage is a gear–type positive displacement – Fuel pump.
pump. – Fuel pump filter.
• The main gearbox turns the fuel pump. – Fuel bypass valve cover.
– The fuel pump is attached to the main gearbox with bolts – Fuel pump filter differential pressure switch.
through keyhole slots.
• There are main stage pressure taps (FP3 and FV2).
– FP3 and FV2 are connected to main stage pressure.
• There is a boost stage pressure tap (FP8).
– FP8 is connected to boost stage pressure.

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Pratt & Whitney FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
FUEL PUMP
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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

FUEL PUMP FILTER

Purpose:

• The fuel pump filter removes contamination from the fuel.

Location:

• The fuel pump filter is found on the fuel pump.

Description and Operation:

• The fuel pump has an integral fuel filter housing.

– The filter is a 40 micron disposable filter.
– The fuel pump filter differential pressure switch mounts
on the pump housing.
– The filter bypass valve opens at approximately 14.0 psid,
pressure increasing.

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 FUEL PUMP FILTER
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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

FUEL PUMP FILTER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE

SWITCH

Purpose: Description and Operation:

• If the fuel filter becomes clogged, the fuel filter • Changing fuel pressures are applied to opposite sides of a
differential pressure (ΔP) switch sends a fuel clog warning diaphragm found in the fuel pump filter differential
to the flight deck through the EEC. pressure switch.

Location:
• The fuel pump filter differential pressure switch is
mounted to the fuel pump on the front right side of the
main gearbox.
• When the increasing differential pressure is equal to 5.5
psid, an electrical switch is actuated which sends a signal
to the EEC. The EEC will then send a fuel clog warning
input to the flight deck for display.
• When the decreasing differential pressure is equal to 3.5
psid, the electrical switch is de–activated thus stopping the
input to the EEC.
• The filter differential switch is a line replaceable unit.

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 FUEL PUMP FILTER ΔP SWITCH
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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

FUEL BYPASS VALVE

Purpose:

• The fuel bypass valve is used to prevent high engine fuel
and engine oil temperatures during high power operation
by sending the FMU fuel either upstream or downstream
of the fuel/oil cooler IDG core.
• This also produces the coolest possible IDG oil
temperature by transferring the IDG oil heat to the fuel
pump boost stage exit fuel before mixing it with the
warmer FMU bypass fuel for improved IDG durability.
• In the high engine power mode (greater than
approximately 70-75 percent N2) the fuel bypass valve
operates as follows.
– The fuel pump boost stage discharge continues to
enter the IDG and engine fuel/oil cooler. The FMU
bypass fuel enters the engine fuel/oil cooler core only.
• The fuel bypass valve is a line replaceable unit.

Location:

• The fuel bypass valve is found on the left side of the fuel
pump.

Description and Operation:

• In the low engine power mode (less than approximately

70-75 percent N2) the fuel bypass valve operates as
follows.
– The FMU bypass fuel and fuel pump boost stage
discharge goes to the IDG and engine fuel/oil cooler
cores.

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 FUEL BYPASS VALVE
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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
SERVO FUEL HEATER
Purpose:
• The servo fuel heater prevents icing of fuel which is used
as servo fuel pressure (Pf) to control the:
– Stator vane actuator.
– 2.5 bleed valve actuator.
– Turbine case cooling actuator.
– Engine air/oil heat exchanger valve.
– IDG air/oil heat exchanger valve.
– Note: Servo fuel pressure (Pf) is also used for an
operating and reference pressure by the fuel bypass
valve and the fuel metering unit.
• The servo fuel heater also prevents icing to internal FMU
internal servos.
Location:
• The servo fuel heater is attached to the top of the main oil
filter housing.
Description and Operation:
• The fuel pump supplies fuel to the servo fuel heater where
servo fuel flows through internal tubes in the heater core.
Engine oil flows around these tubes in the shell of the unit
to heat the fuel.
• Before the fuel can flow into the servo fuel heater tubes, it
goes through the bimetallic thermostatic oil control valve.
– If the fuel temperature < 37.8°C the oil control valve
permits engine oil to flow through the shell of the heat
exchanger. The hot engine oil flowing around the
tubes heats the fuel.
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– If the fuel temperature is > 37.8°C the oil control
valve bypasses the engine oil directly to the engine
air/oil heat exchanger.
– A thermal popout indicator is found on the servo fuel
heater housing. It gives a visual indication of a
defective oil control valve and / or a defective oil
control valve thermostat. The control valve failsafes
in the "heat on" (non–bypass) position.
• A 40 micron fuel filter found at the heat exchanger outlet
filters Pf fuel before it goes to the engine system
components.
– An internal pressure relief valve is used to bypass fuel
if the filter becomes clogged.
– The fuel filter popout indicator found on the fuel filter
housing will give a visual indication of the filter
clogging.
• Inspection methods for the popout indicators and filter are
given in Chapter 73-00-00 (p. 610) “Inspection of the
Engine Fuel and Control System for Contamination.”
• The drain plug, found at the bottom of the fuel filter
housing, permits the filter cavity to be drained prior to
changing the filter.
• The servo fuel heater and servo fuel heater filter element
are line replaceable units.
8 - 20
 SERVO FUEL HEATER
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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
FUEL / OIL COOLER AND BYPASS VALVE
Purpose:
• The fuel / oil cooler and bypass valve assemblies heat the
fuel from the fuel pump boost stage to:
– Automatically prevent fuel system icing.
– Cool engine oil and IDG oil.
– Prevent high fuel temperature.
Location:
• The fuel / oil cooler and bypass valve are found on the
HPC rear case at the 8:00 position.
Description and Operation:
• The fuel / oil cooler has two separate internal cores (for
IDG oil and engine oil) connected together to form one
unit.
– The first one third of the unit (the IDG oil core) is
used to cool IDG oil by transferring heat to the fuel
pump interstage flow.
– The remaining two thirds of the unit (the engine oil
core) is used to cool engine oil.
• Engine oil and IDG oil are completely segregated within
the unit. The fuel side is connected in series with a mixing
chamber between the two cores.
• IDG oil flow is continuous.
– Fuel flow is continuous.
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– Pf used in engine system components is returned to
the fuel/oil cooler as Pfr.
– Engine oil flow is controlled by the fuel / oil cooler
bypass valve and is bypassed to prevent high outlet
fuel temperatures to the fuel pump filter.
– A pressure relief valve in the IDG core opens at
approximately 50 psid to permit the fuel pump boost
stage output to bypass the IDG core. The output fuel
flows only through the engine core if the IDG core is
blocked.
– Three (3) seal drains permit fuel and/or oil leakage
overboard.
• The EEC controls the fuel / oil cooler bypass valve. The
valve is servo–operated (engine pressure oil) and torque
motor–commanded.
• When the EEC energizes the torque motor with 28 VDC
aircraft power, engine oil will bypass the fuel/oil cooler
engine oil core.
– With the torque motor de–energized, engine oil will
flow through the engine oil core.
• The following units are line replaceable.
– Fuel / oil cooler
– Fuel / oil cooler bypass valve
– Torque motor
– Fuel temperature sensor
8 - 22
 FUEL / OIL COOLER AND BYPASS
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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

FUEL TEMPERATURE (Tfuel) SENSOR

Purpose:

• The fuel temperature (Tfuel) sensor supplies the Electronic
Engine Control (EEC) with an input which is used to
control the temperature of fuel.
• The fuel temperature is measured as it leaves the fuel / oil
cooler.
• The fuel temperature sensor has two resistance
temperature devices (RTDs) and terminals which supply
independent fuel temperature signals to each EEC channel.
• The fuel temperature sensor is a line replaceable unit.

Location:

• The fuel temperature sensor is installed in the aft end of

the fuel / oil cooler attached to the HPC rear case at the
8:00 position.

Description and Operation:

• The Tfuel sensor sends an input to the EEC which is used

to control the fuel / oil cooler bypass valve.
• The fuel/oil cooler bypass valve is used to control the
temperature of fuel.
– If fuel temperature is 127°C or more, the EEC sends a
signal to actuate the fuel / oil cooler bypass valve.
– The open valve permits engine oil to bypass the
fuel/oil cooler and not be used to transmit heat to the
fuel.

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 FUEL TEMPERATURE SENSOR
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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

FUEL METERING UNIT (JFC-131-4)

Purpose:

• The EEC–controlled fuel metering unit is used to supply
metered fuel flow to the engine. The ON/OFF master
lever found on the flight deck is used to turn fuel ON or
OFF.
Location:
• The fuel metering unit is installed on the front of the fuel
pump.
Description and Operation:
• The fuel metering unit is an electronically controlled,
hydromechanical unit.
• The EEC–controlled dual coil torque motor commands the
fuel metering valve position.
• The metering valve position is sent to the EEC by dual
independent LVDTs.
• Fuel ON/OFF is set in the correct position on the FMU by
the shutoff solenoid and the start–and–run solenoid.
• The fuel metering unit has two integral non-LRU fuel
filters:
– A 40 micron, wash type servo filter
– A coarse full flow filter.
• The FMU has a dual channel overspeed solenoid that will
be energized by the EEC if the N1 (or N2) redline is
exceeded by 5%.
• Inputs to the fuel metering unit are:
– Fuel pump main stage discharge (passage contains
servo filter).
– Electrical (EEC channels A and B, and the fuel
ON/OFF signal from the flight deck).
• Outputs from the fuel metering unit are:
– Metered fuel.
– Pf (fine filtered supply pressure) from the fuel pump
to selected compressor airflow control, turbine case
cooling airflow control, and fuel and oil system
components.
– Bypass return fuel to the fuel bypass valve.

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 FUEL METERING UNIT (FMU)
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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

FLOW DIVIDER VALVE SUPPLY TUBE (FM09)

Purpose:

• The flow divider valve supply tube is used to send fuel

from the FMU to the fuel flow transmitter.

Location:

• The flow divider valve supply tube goes from the forward
side of the FMU to the inlet of the fuel flow transmitter.

DC
Make sure you torque the nuts on the flow
IFSD divider supply tube correctly. If you do not, fuel
can leak into the nacelle.

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 DC
FLOW DIVIDER VALVE SUPPLY TUBE IFSD

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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

FUEL FLOW TRANSMITTER

Purpose:

• The fuel flow transmitter, as part of the aircraft fuel flow

measuring system, sends pickoff signals to the Electronic
Engine Control (EEC). The rate of fuel flow is then
calculated by the EEC for display on the flight deck.

Location:

• The fuel flow transmitter is installed on the fuel

distribution valve which is attached to the HPC rear case at
the 4:00 position.

Description and Operation:

• The fuel flow transmitter receives fuel from the fuel

metering unit and sends it to the swirl cap in the
transmitter's spring assembly.
• The fuel flow transmitter is a line replaceable unit.

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 FUEL FLOW TRANSMITTER
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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

FUEL DISTRIBUTION VALVE

Purpose:

• The fuel distribution valve sends metered fuel through • The distribution sleeve is installed in the valve body to:
transfer tubes to the eight fuel supply manifolds found – Distribute fuel through 8 fuel outlet ports which have
around the diffuser case. transfer tubes.
Location: • The fuel distribution valve is a line replaceable unit.

• The fuel distribution valve is found on the HPC rear case

at the 4:00 position.

Description and Operation:

• The fuel distribution valve has an integral fuel filter

housing.
– It has a cleanable 74 micron, metal screen filter which
is removed using a PWA special tool.
– The self–relieving filter bypasses at approximately 20
(plus or minus 2) psid.
• The fuel distribution valve is spring-loaded closed.
– Fuel pressure opens the valve at approximately 20
(plus or minus 2) psid.

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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION VALVE
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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

FUEL INJECTOR SUPPLY MANIFOLDS FUEL INJECTORS

Purpose: Purpose:

• The fuel injector supply manifolds are used to transmit • The fuel injectors are used to atomize fuel for combustion
fuel from the fuel distribution valve to the fuel injectors. inside the combustor.

Location: Location:

• The fuel injector supply manifolds are found on the • The fuel injectors are found at 24 equally–spaced locations
diffuser case. around the diffuser case.

Description and Operation: Description and Operation:

• The fuel injector supply manifolds are single pipe
manifolds.
– Each of the 8 manifolds is used to supply fuel to 3 fuel
injectors.
– The manifold connectors at the fuel injectors and at
the fuel distribution valve contain transfer tubes.
• The fuel injector supply manifolds are line replaceable
units.
• There are 24 air blast fuel injectors.
• Each fuel injector inlet fitting contains a filter and a flow
orifice.
• The fuel injectors are line replaceable units.
• The filters and orifice are not line replaceable units.

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 FUEL INJECTOR SUPPLY MANIFOLDS
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8 - 35
 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. List 12 fuel distribution system components. 2. Indicate the correct sequence (1 = first; 7 = last) for the
following components, as used in the distribution of fuel.
1.) _________________________________
A. Fuel metering unit _________
2.) _________________________________
B. Fuel / oil cooler _________
3.) _________________________________
C. Fuel injectors _________
4.) _________________________________
D. Boost stage inlet _________
5.) _________________________________
E. Fuel distribution valve _________
6.) _________________________________
F. Fuel pump _________
7.) _________________________________
G. Fuel flow transmitter _________
8.) _________________________________
9.) _________________________________
3. The 2 fuel ports that connect the fuel pump to the FMU
10.) _________________________________ are the:
11.) _________________________________ A. Boost stage and heated fuel from the fuel / oil cooler.
B. Servo fuel and the main fuel supply.
12.) _________________________________
C. FMU bypass and main stage discharge.
D. Servo fuel and the FMU bypass.

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 FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
REVIEW QUESTIONS

4. The purpose of the fuel bypass valve is: 8. The 40 micron fuel pump filter is:
________________________________________ A. Cleanable.
B. Disposable.
________________________________________
C. Reusable.
________________________________________ D. Square-shaped.

5. The source of heat used by the fuel heating system is: 9. The fuel filter ΔP switch closes after the filter has
A. Air. bypassed.
B. Engine oil. A. True
C. Fuel. B. False

6. The component that can cause fuel to be turned ON or 10. Write the type of fault (i.e., wraparound, range, disagree,
OFF is the: or out-of-position) for the following CLMs.
A. Fuel pump. A. FMU (E1-4071KS)
B. FMU.
_____________________________________
C. Master lever.
D. Fuel / oil cooler. B. FMU (E1-4071KS) / WRG:EEC J4 TO FMU LVDT
POS

7. The purpose of the fuel distribution valve is: _____________________________________

________________________________________ C. FUEL FLTR SW (E1-4034KS) / WRG:EEC J11 TO

FLTR SW
________________________________________
_____________________________________
________________________________________
D. FMU (E1-4071KS) / WRG:EEC TO FMU POS SIG
_____________________________________

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 This Page Intentionally Left Blank

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