REQUISITE: IF THE

LEVELING TEST STUDENT DO NOT HAND

WORKSHOP OVER THIS DOCUMENT.
HUMANITIES AREA HE/SHE CAN NOT BE
ASSESSED.

Name:____________________________ Date:_________________ Score: ___________

Part I: Grammar

Read the following explanations about present simple vs present continuous.

Present simple and present continuous We can use the present simple to talk about things
we do regularly. We can use the present continuous to talk about things we are doing now.
Present Simple Present Continuous

Things which are always true:
● Water boils at 100 degrees.
Things which are happening at the
moment of speaking:
● The water is boiling now, so you
can put in the pasta.

Permanent situations (or nearly permanent; Temporary situations:

true for a few years at least):
● Julie is living in Paris for a few
● Julie lives in London. months (usually she lives in
London).

Situations which are slowly changing:

● I'm getting better and better at

speaking English.
 Habits or things we do regularly: Temporary or new habits:

● I drink coffee every morning. ● I'm drinking too much coffee

these days because I'm so busy
at work.

Annoying habits (usually with 'always'):

● My flatmate is always leaving

the kitchen in a mess!

Future events which are part of a timetable: Definite future plans:

● My plane leaves at eight tonight. ● I'm meeting John after class

today.
To talk about the future after certain words
('when' 'until' 'after' 'before' 'as soon as'):

● I'll call you when I get home.

To talk about what happens in books, plays and To talk about people in pictures and
films: photos:

● At the end of the book, the detective ● In this photo, my mother is

catches the killer. walking beside a lake.

Remember:
We use the present simple with stative verbs. We can't use any continuous tense (including
the present continuous tense, of course) with stative verbs.
Activity: Write an article about the impact of global warming in our daily life,
including facts (dates, places, events, characters, causes and
consequences…), actions that are happening now. The article has to have at
least 80 words, it must have an introduction, a body of the text and
conclusions. Avoid using a translator.
Title:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

What's the difference? Present Perfect and Past Simple

Present Perfect Simple Past Simple

Unfinished actions that started in the Finished actions:

past and continue to the present:
● I knew Julie for ten years (but then she
● I've known Julie for ten years moved away and we lost touch).
(and I still know her).

A finished action in someone's life
(when the person is still alive: life
experience):
● My brother has been to
Mexico three times.
A finished action in someone's life (when the
person is dead):
● My great-grandmother went to Mexico
three times.

A finished action with a result in the
present:
● I've lost my keys! (The result
is that I can't get into my house
now).
A finished action with no result in the present:
● I lost my keys yesterday. It was terrible!
(Now there is no result. I got new keys
yesterday).

With an unfinished time word (this With a finished time word (last week, last month,
week, this month, today): yesterday):

● I've seen John this week. ● I saw John last week.

Remember:

1. We use the past simple for past events or actions which have no connection to the
present.
2. We use the present perfect for actions which started in the past and are still
happening now OR for finished actions which have a connection to the present.
3. We CAN'T use the present perfect with a finished time word:
○ NOT: I've been to the museum yesterday.

_________________________________________________________________________

Activity: Read the following article and underline the sentences: red for past
simple and green for present perfect, blue for the unknown words (check the
meaning on the dictionary and write it down in your notebook), pink for the
supporting ideas and purple for the conclusion:

The stratospheric ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet light, which
damages DNA in plants and animals (including humans) and leads to sunburns and skin
cancer. Prior to 1979, scientists had not observed atmospheric ozone concentrations below
220 Dobson Units. But in the early 1980s, through a combination of ground-based and
satellite measurements, scientists began to realize that Earth’s natural sunscreen was
thinning dramatically over the South Pole each spring. This thinning of the ozone layer over
Antarctica came to be known as the ozone hole.
The word hole isn’t literal; no place is empty of ozone. Scientists use the word hole as a
metaphor for the area in which ozone concentrations drop below the historical threshold of
220 Dobson Units. Using this metaphor, they can describe the hole’s size and depth. The
series begins in 1979. The maximum depth of the hole that year was 194 Dobson Units
(DU)—not far below the previous historical low. For several years, the minimum
concentrations stayed in the 190s, but then the minimums rapidly grew deeper: 173 DU in
1982, 154 in 1983, 124 in 1985. By 1991, a new threshold was passed, as the ozone
concentration fell below 100 DU for the first time. Since then, concentrations below 100
became more common. The deepest ozone hole occurred in 1994, when concentrations fell
to just 73 DU on September 30.

Records in depth and area have never occurred during the same years (the largest ozone
hole occurred in 2006), but the long-term trend in both characteristics is consistent: from
1980 through the early 1990s, the hole rapidly grew in area and depth. In the early years of
the 21st century, annual ozone holes roughly stabilized (see the Ozone Hole Watch website
for annual averages). Year-to-year fluctuations in area and depth are caused by variations in
stratospheric temperature and circulation. Colder conditions result in a larger area and lower
ozone values in the center of the hole. The ozone hole opened the world’s eyes to the global
effects of human activity on the atmosphere. Scientists found out that chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs)—long-lived chemicals that had been used in refrigerators and aerosol sprays since
the 1930s—had a dark side. In the layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth (the
troposphere), CFCs circulated for decades without degrading or reacting with other
chemicals. When they reached the stratosphere, however, their behavior changed. In the
upper stratosphere (beyond the protection of the ozone layer), ultraviolet light caused CFCs
to break apart, releasing chlorine, a very reactive atom that repeatedly catalyzes ozone
destruction.

The global recognition of the destructive potential of CFCs led to the 1987 Montreal Protocol,
a treaty phasing out the production of ozone-depleting chemicals. Scientists estimate that
about 80 percent of the chlorine (and bromine, which has a similar ozone-depleting effect) in
the stratosphere over Antarctica today comes from human, not natural, sources.

Models suggest that the concentration of chlorine and other ozone-depleting substances in
the stratosphere will not return to pre-1980 levels until the middle decades of the 21st
century. Scientists have already seen the first definitive proof of ozone recovery, observing a
20 percent decrease in ozone depletion during the winter months from 2005 to 2016. In
2019, abnormal weather patterns in the upper atmosphere over Antarctica dramatically
limited ozone depletion, leading to the smallest hole since 1982. Models predict that the
Antarctic ozone layer will mostly recover by 2040.
(https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/world-of-change/Ozone)

_________________________________________________________________________

Part II: Vocabulary and paraphrase techniques:

Paraphrasing is the art of rewriting a material without being accused of plagiarism. Through
paraphrasing, you can use different information in your words.

Tips for paraphrasing:

1. Read your topic and develop an understanding

Topic knowledge is the main part that should be strong before paraphrasing. If you have the
Knowledge you can write on it. For a comprehensive understanding, you should have to
read your topic information from multiple sources.

There are thousands of websites on the internet by which you can read about your topic. For
example, if your topic is on heart disease you can read about it on health-related websites.

The more you will read the more you will become familiar with the topic terms. Reading
makes your concepts clear and helps in developing new questions. Through careful reading
from multiple sources, you will explore different aspects of the topic.

2. More information leads to a more informative piece of writing

Make notes before paraphrasing. Note formation is very important. It helps you to
paraphrase efficiently. Whenever you read an article or blog related to your topic, write the
main points of it.

Along with the main points, write some details also so that you do not forget the concept
behind the point. By these points, you will be able to write by yourself.
In the process of notes, and formation writes the website address so that you can consult it if
you want to add some more details.

3. Write in your own words

Read your sources and notes two to three times and then start writing in your own words.
This will make your writing piece original and free from any type of plagiarism.

If you are writing some type of quotation, provide a reference for it.it is important to write in
your own words as many types of copyrights issue can hinder your writing process.

Moreover, by writing yourself you can make your concept stronger and writing skills better.it
helps to expand the vocabulary and maximize your sentence formation knowledge.

4. Use synonyms and change words

If you are copying the material then synonyms are very helpful for you. Synonyms are the
different words having the same meanings. You can use them in different places of your
content.

The synonyms will not only help you in changing the wording of the text but also remove the
duplicate effect from it. For example, you can use devices instead of tools. Words can also
be changed like nouns in place of verbs and adjectives in place of nouns etc. for example
consumption can be replaced by consuming.

5. Change the vocabulary

It is the key technique that can help you to paraphrase well. You just have to change the
words by their synonyms. The synonyms should be relevant to the word and topic.

Not every synonym can fit into the text perfectly. For this purpose consult dictionary or
thesaurus that helps you to find relevant and simple synonyms. Like you can use claims or
argue in the place of asserts. You can write the 1900s in the place of the twentieth century.

This will not only transform your writing style but the easy wording will make your
paraphrasing easy. The content will become readable to more people.

Whenever you add the related words to the topic it will make the content SEO optimized. So
if your content is nicely paraphrased and SEO optimize it will gain a high ranking on the
search engine.

6. Change your sentence structure

While writing takes care of the sentence structure. If you have the information that must be
added to the content and you do not want to write it as it is. You can write it in different
styles.

You can change active to passive voice and can make the question of the sentences. The
word order will change with this technique and you will be able to convey your idea without
getting into the problematic copyright issues.
 Activity: Read the following definition and write new ones by using paraphrasing
techniques

Ozone Layer: The ozone layer is a thin part of Earth's atmosphere that absorbs almost all of
the sun's harmful ultraviolet light. "Ozone holes" are popular names for areas of damage to
the ozone layer. This is inaccurate. Ozone layer damage is more like a really thin patch than
a hole.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Pollution: the addition of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or any form of energy (such as
heat, sound, or radioactivity) to the environment at a rate faster than it can be dispersed,
diluted, decomposed, recycled, or stored in some harmless form. The major kinds of
pollution, usually classified by environment, are air pollution, water pollution, and land
pollution.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Poaching has been defined as the illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals, usually
associated with land use rights. Poaching was once performed by impoverished peasants for
subsistence purposes and to supplement meager diets. It was set against the hunting
privileges of nobility and territorial rulers.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Famine: a situation in which there is not enough food for a great number of people,
causing illness and death, or a particular period when this happens

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Mining: process of extracting useful minerals from the surface of the Earth, including the
seas. A mineral, with a few exceptions, is an inorganic substance occurring in nature that
has a definite chemical composition and distinctive physical properties of molecular
structures.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Part III: Writing part

Write an article answering the following question: Should Fracking be Allowed in Colombia?
You must include supporting ideas including extra information and examples, the article has
to have a title, an introduction, a text development and a conclusion.
Write more than 90 words.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Part IV: Listening part

Listen to the video attentively and use the “paraphrasing skill” to report the next
information.

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tudal_4x4F0

● What did it happen?

● Who was/were involved?
● Where did it happen?
● When did it happen?
● Which are the causes of the fracking problem?
● How much damage is caused to the earth layers?
● How many consequences do we have from this global warming issue?

With the questions above:

1. Create an infographic on a platform of your choice: Canva, Piktochart, Snappa,

Freepick, etc.

(PASTE THE LINK HERE TO SHARE YOUR PRESENTATION/INFOGRAPHICS)

 2. Use your own words to explain the fracking issue around the world.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Part V: Reading part: Read in detail the text and answer the questions:

Environmentalists are getting more worried about the effects of fast fashion on the
environment. Fast fashion is the mass production of clothes at a low cost. They are put
in shops and online quickly to create a high demand. Manufacturers make 100 billion
items of clothing every year. This is expected to grow by 60 percent by 2030. The fast
fashion business model is having a negative effect on the environment. Many of the
clothes end up in landfills and are not recycled. Another negative effect on the
environment is caused by the chemicals used to make the clothes. These cause health
problems for people working in clothes factories. There are reports children make many
of these clothes.

The way people are buying clothes is adding to the problem of clothing waste. Many
years ago, people went to stores and tried clothes on. People took more time and
thought more carefully before they bought clothes. They also wore them for longer.
Today, people order cheap clothes on the Internet and if they don't like them, they send
them back. Some people say this is causing a throwaway society. Some people buy
clothes and never even wear them. The German media company Deutsche Welle wrote:
"Every year in Europe, four million tons of clothing ends up in the trash. Less than one
percent of this is recycled." It seems the fashion industry is not so sustainable.

1. What does fast fashion create by putting them in stores quickly?

2. How many items of clothing are made each year?
3. By when will the scale of fast fashion increase by 60%?
4. Who is being affected by chemicals?
5. Who is making many of the fast fashion clothes, according to reports?
6. What is adding to the problem of clothing waste?
7. What did people take when they bought clothes many years ago?
 8. What kind of society is being created?
9. Who buys clothes that they never wear?
10. How many clothes that are thrown away in Europe are recycled?

ANSWERS:

1. ….