“ENHANCING THE PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD

FROM RICE HUSK AND SUGARCANE BAGASSE BY

USING SOY-BASED ADHESIVE AND INCORPORATING
FINE AGGREGATES”

Bagtas, Jedz Joseph B.

Balan, John Michael M.

Cunanan, Celso III A.

Valdenarro, Franz Kristoffer Y.

 CHAPTER 3

INTRODUCTION:

The general problem addressed in this study is the need to improve the characteristics of

particleboard derived from rice husk and sugarcane bagasse by integrating fine aggregates and

utilizing a soy-based adhesive. A popular wood-based composite material used in furniture,

construction, and other applications is called particleboard. Nevertheless, compared to

particleboard made from wood or other materials, rice husk and sugarcane bagasse frequently

have poorer characteristics, which restricts their application and marketability.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:

The method or principle used in this study is the use of fine aggregates and a soy-based glue to

improve the qualities of particleboard manufactured from sugarcane bagasse and rice husk. In

place of formaldehyde-based adhesives, soy-based adhesives, which are manufactured from

soy protein, are frequently utilized in wood composites. The mixture is supplemented with fine

aggregates, like sand or clay, to enhance the particleboard mechanical qualities.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

The block diagram for the process of enhancing the properties of particleboard from rice husk

and sugarcane bagasse is as follows:

FLOW CHART OF PROCESS:

The flow chart for the process of enhancing the properties of particleboard from rice husk and

sugarcane bagasse is as follows:

SPECIFICATIONS OF THE PROTOTYPE:

The prototype for the enhanced particleboard will have the following specifications:

Dimensions 2440mm x 1220mm x 12 mm

Density 700-800 kg/m3

Internal Bond Strength 0.5N/mm2

Modulus of Elasticity 2000 N/mm2

Modulus of Rupture 20 N/mm2

Water Absorption 8-12%

Thickness Swelling 10-15%

DESIGN PROCEDURE:

The design procedure for the enhanced particleboard involves the following steps:

➢ Grinding and Screening: Rice husk and sugarcane bagasse are ground and screened to

the appropriate particle size.

➢ Mixing with Soy-based Adhesive and Fine Aggregates: The ground rice husk and

sugarcane bagasse are mixed with a soy-based adhesive and fine aggregates to form a

homogeneous mixture.

➢ Forming into Boards: The mixture is formed into boards using a hot press.

➢ Pressing: The boards are pressed at a high temperature and pressure to cure the

adhesive and form the desired thickness and density.

 ➢ Cooling and Finishing: The boards are cooled and finished to the desired thickness and

surface quality.

TESTING PROCEDURE:

❖ Internal Bond Strength:

➢ Cut the board samples into rectangular shapes with a length of 50mm and a

width of 25mm.

➢ Place the samples in a testing machine with the long axis perpendicular to the

direction of load application.

➢ Apply a tensile load at a constant rate until the board breaks.

➢ Record the maximum load that the board can withstand before breaking.

➢ Calculate the internal bond strength using the formula: internal bond strength =

maximum load / cross-sectional area.

❖ Modulus of Elasticity:

➢ Cut the board samples into rectangular shapes with a length of 300mm and a

width of 25mm.

➢ Place the samples in a testing machine with the long axis parallel to the direction

of load application.

➢ Apply a load at a constant rate until the board undergoes a 1% strain.

➢ Record the load and corresponding deformation.

➢ Calculate the modulus of elasticity using the formula: modulus of elasticity = load

/ (deformation x cross-sectional area).

 ❖ Modulus of Rupture:

➢ Cut the board samples into rectangular shapes with a length of 300mm and a

width of 25mm.

➢ Place the samples in a testing machine with the long axis perpendicular to the

direction of load application.

➢ Apply a load at a constant rate until the board breaks.

➢ Record the maximum load that the board can withstand before breaking.

➢ Calculate the modulus of rupture using the formula: modulus of rupture =

maximum load x distance between supports / (width x thickness^2).

❖ Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling:

➢ Cut the board samples into square shapes with a side length of 50mm.

➢ Weigh the samples and record their initial weight.

➢ Immerse the samples in water for 2 hours.

➢ Remove the samples from water and wipe off the surface moisture with a paper

towel.

➢ Weigh the samples again and record their final weight.

➢ Calculate the water absorption using the formula: water absorption = (final weight

- initial weight) / initial weight x 100%.

➢ Measure the thickness of the samples before and after immersion in water.

➢ Calculate the thickness swelling using the formula: thickness swelling = (final

thickness - initial thickness) / initial thickness x 100%.

For each sample, the preceding process can be used to determine the mean value for each

property. The test population will determine how many samples are needed, and statistical

techniques like ANOVA can be used to analyze the results.

TEST POPULATION:

This study's test population will consist of three samples of the improved particleboard. The

samples will be chosen at random from the manufacturing process and examined for internal

bond strength, elastic modulus, rupture modulus, water absorption, and thickness swelling.

TREATMENT OF DATA:

To evaluate the significance of the differences between the enhanced particleboard's properties

and those of particleboard made from rice husk and sugarcane bagasse without the use of

soy-based adhesive and fine aggregates, the data gathered from the testing procedure will be

analyzed using statistical methods like ANOVA. The threshold for significance will be set at 0.05.
PROPOSED TABLE FOR TEST RESULTS:

The following table presents the measured values from the test population for each property:

Internal Bond Modulus of Modulus of Water

Sample Strength Elasticity Rupture Absorption Thickness

No. (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (%) Swelling (%)

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:

The significance of the differences between the properties of the improved particleboard and

those of particleboard generated from rice husk and sugarcane bagasse without the use of

soy-based glue and fine aggregates will be assessed by statistical methods like ANOVA. The

cutoff point for significance will be 0.05.

DESIGN CONSTRAINTS:

The design constraints for this study include the following:

● Availability and quality of the raw materials

● The cost of production

● Technical limitations of the equipment used for the grinding, screening, mixing, forming,

pressing, and finishing processes

● Additionally, the prototype must meet the specifications for internal bond strength,

modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, water absorption, and thickness swelling to be

considered successful.
MANUAL:

“Enhanced Particleboard from Rice Husk and Sugarcane Bagasse”

Introduction:

Congratulations on choosing the improved rice husk and sugarcane bagasse particleboard. A

soy-based glue and fine aggregates are used in a special manufacturing method to this product

to improve its qualities. How to securely use and maintain the product is described in this

manual.

Operating Instructions:

1. Ensure that the particleboard is stored in a dry and ventilated area to prevent moisture

absorption.

2. When cutting or drilling the particleboard, use appropriate safety gear such as safety

glasses and a dust mask to protect yourself from airborne particles.

3. Always use appropriate cutting tools such as circular saws or jigsaws to ensure clean

cuts and avoid chipping or splitting the board.

4. When fastening the particleboard, use appropriate screws or nails that are designed for

use with wood composites.

5. When sanding the particleboard, use fine-grit sandpaper and avoid applying excessive

pressure to prevent damaging the surface.

Maintenance:

The improved particleboard doesn't need any special maintenance other than routine dusting

with a moist cloth or vacuuming to remove any dust or debris that may gather on the surface. If

the particle board does, however, sustain damage, it should be replaced or fixed right away

using the proper patching materials.

Safety Precautions:

1. Wear appropriate safety gear such as safety glasses and a dust mask when cutting,

drilling, or sanding the particleboard to protect yourself from airborne particles.

2. Use appropriate cutting tools and fasteners designed for use with wood composites to

avoid damaging the board.

3. Do not expose the particleboard to excessive moisture or humidity as this may cause

warping or delamination.

4. Store the particleboard in a dry and ventilated area to prevent moisture absorption.

5. Do not subject the particleboard to excessive weight or pressure as this may cause

damage or deformation.

Conclusion:

We appreciate your purchase of the improved particleboard made from sugarcane bagasse and

rice husk. You can assure the appropriate use and maintenance of the product for optimal

durability and performance by according to these operating instructions and safety measures.

Please ask the manufacturer for help if you have any queries or worries.
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