CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

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1.1 INTRODUCTION

Tourism is a social cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people
to countries or places outside their usual environment for personnel or business / professional
purpose. These people are called Visitor. Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also, the
theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating and entertaining
tourists and the business of operating tours. Tourism may be international or within the
traveler’s country. The world tourism organization defines tourism more generally, in terms
which go “beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity only”,
as people “traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than
one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.

Tourism today is one of the world’s fastest growing and oldest industries. With the advent of
industrialization people started moving in large numbers to places away from their usual places
of residence and work with a view to seek change. This trend continued until tourism became
a great mass phenomenon. This phenomenon is a visible result of the great technological
developments which have changed the social geography of the world since the nineteenth
century.

Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine and relatively undistributed
natural areas, intended as a low -impact and often small-scale alternative to standard
commercial (mass) tourism. Its purpose may be to educate the traveler, to provide funds for
ecological conservation, to directly benefit the economic development and political
empowerment of local communities, or to foster respect for different cultures and for human
rights. Since the 1980s ecotourism has been considered a critical endeavor by
environmentalists, so that future generations may experiences destinations relatively untouched
by human intervention. Eco tourism is a growing area in the tourist friendly state of Kerala.
Eco tourism in Kerala has taken off in a big way because Kerala has many destinations known
for their natural beauty and exquisite landscape. As Kerala is one of the greenest destinations
in India, the state is a perfect hub for promoting eco-tourism in a big way.

Eco tourism is “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains
the wellbeing of local people”. Sometimes it is defined as a sub category of Sustainable tourism

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or segment of the larger nature to small groups by small scale businesses and stresses local
ownership, particularly for rural people. Ecotourism activities included in tour that are designed
to entertain clients and are coordinated by a professional guide or interpreter. Over 80 activities
have been listed for ecotourism, such as birdwatching, hiking, diving, kayaking, participating
in cultural events, photography and mountaineering. Natural and cultural features that attract
visitors, such as landscapes, endemic or rare flora and fauna, cultural festivals and historical
monuments.

Kadalundi provide mainly Island tourism that connected with eco-tourism. As said before it is
a responsible travel that conserves local people well-being and nature. Islands have always
been attractive places for tourists to visit. Island tourism helps to relieve the pressure off the
mainland to some extent. The development of island tourism has several constraints. Travel to
islands is a specific form of tourism that often requires special consideration, as there are
distinctive aspects of islands, such as fragile ecosystems, as well as historical and sociocultural
aspects that create unique challenges to developing a successful and sustainable e tourism
destination. Proper development and management of tourism as an economic activity in island
environments has to take a number of factors into considerations. These include waste
management, the supply chain, transportation, hospitality services and policy making.

Ecotourism is all about being sensitive to one’s surroundings and the need to preserve nature.
The greenery that abounds in Kerala is not only relaxing but also refreshing. The green patch
that is Kerala offers shelter to some of the best plant, bird, mammal, reptile, and amphibian
species

1.2 Statement of the problem

Nowadays ecotourism is a newly arising and suddenly developing industry. This paper
examines ecotourism potential in Kozhikode, special reference to Kadalundi. This also
highlights the choice of people and the focus is on the role of Kadalundi in the ecotourism
development of Kozhikode district.

1.3 Need and significance of the study

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Kadalundi is a village in Kozhikode district. It is coastal village close to Arabian sea and it is
famous for bird sanctuary, community reserve, mangrove forest. This study is conducted to
understand the ecotourism potential of Kadalundi and the sustainable practice over the
biodiversity as a tourism product.

1.4 Objectives of the study

• To examine the role of Ecotourism
• To know the supporting factors that improves the lifestyle of indigenous people
• To find out new ecotourism potential of Kozhikode
• Identify and promote ecotourism in Kadalundi.
• Find out tourist satisfaction level in Kadalundi.
• To examine the development after pandemic and the activities taken.

1.5 Limitations of the study

• Data collected mainly through questionnaire, so
• The responses of visitors are limited.
• Collection of primary data may be difficult
• Secondary data may be inappropriate and unreliable and may contain certain errors.
• Most of the workers at ecotourism destination in Calicut may not properly educated.
• Non availability of resources.

1.6 Research Methodology

This study is based on primary and secondary data and is both descriptive and analytical in
nature. A research methodology is the arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of
data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in
procedure. It is concerned with decisions regarding what, where, when, and how much, by what
means covering and inquiring for a research design.

1.7 Research Design

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Here in this study researcher has followed descriptive method of study, which focused on
formulation of objective, method of data collection, sample selection, collection of data. The
sample size is 50. The sample method is done by the project through the questionnaire,
interviews and observation.

1.8 Data Collection

The sample data source and tools of analysis used for the study are given in the following
sections-

Primary data

The researcher had collected the primary data through questionnaire from 25 questionnaire and
collected data from the visitors and officials also. That used for find the information about the
destination potentialities, facilities and draw backs.

Secondary data

The researcher had collected the data from a number of secondary sources. Published works
both related and relevant to the subject under the observation of tourism promotional literature
reports, official reports of forest department of Kerala, tourism department of Kerala, websites
and e-resources are the sources tapped extensively for collecting secondary data.

Data analysis

The data collected from the respondents are then analyzed with the help of charts, diagrams,
figures and tables.

Sample size
The number of sample size taken by this project is 50.

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 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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2.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A “Review of literature” is a classification and evaluation of what accredited scholars and

researcher have written on a topic. Occasionally we will be asked to write one as a separate
assignment, but often it is part of the introduction to an essay, research report or thesis. In
writing the literature review, our purpose is to convey to the reader what knowledge and ideas
have been established on a topic and what their strengths and weaknesses are. As a piece of
writing, the literature review must be defined by a guiding concept. It is not just a descriptive
list of the material available or a set of summaries.

Following some of the research studies on ecotourism

1. David B Weaver, Laura J Lawton (Tourism management 28 (5), 1168-1179, 2007)

The ecotourism literature is focused on market segmentation, ecological impacts of
wildlife viewing, and community-based ecotourism, but there has been minimal
attention to critical areas such as quality control, the industry, external environments or
institutions even as the components and parameters of ecotourism are being extended.
This imbalance, combined with the fragmentation and lack of integration within the
literature, suggest that ecotourism, as a field of academic inquiry, is still in a state of
adolescence.

2. Pamela Wight (Journal of travel research 31 (3), 3-9, 1993)

Two prevailing views of ecotourism relate to conservation and marketing perspectives.
Unfortunately, the latter often exploits growing consumer interest in “green” products,
through “eco-sell. “Ecotourism would benefit from product and performance standards
and an ethics-based orientation. If properly managed, conservation and ecotourism can
be compatible, complementary, and sustainable.

3. Geoffrey Wall (Environmental management 21 (4), 483-491, 1997)

It is legitimate to ask whether and in what form tourism might contribute to sustainable
development. This is not the same as sustainable tourism which, as a single sector
approach to development, may overlook important linkages with other sectors. If
tourism is to contribute to sustainable development, then it must be economically
viable, ecologically sensitive and culturally appropriate. Ecotourism is often advocated
as being a sustainable form of tourism but imprecision in terminology clouds basic

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 issues and there are strong economic, ecological and cultural reasons for believing that,
even in its purest forms, ecotourism is likely to present substantial challenges to
destination areas, particularly if it competes for scarce resources and displaces existing
uses and users. Sustainable tourism and ecotourism are not synonyms, many forms of
ecotourism may not be sustainable, and if ecotourism is to contribute to sustainable
development, then careful planning and management will be required.

4. Regina Scheyvens (Tourism management 20 (2), 245-249, 1999)

This research note considers ways in which we may better understand how ecotourism
ventures impact on the lives of people living in, and around, the environments which
ecotourists frequent. From a development perspective, ecotourism ventures should only
be considered ‘successful’ if local communities have some measure of control over
them and if they share equitably in the benefits emerging from ecotourism activities.
An empowerment framework is proposed as a suitable mechanism for aiding analysis
of the social, economic, psychological and political impacts of ecotourism on local
communities.

5. David A Fennell (Routledge, 2014)

Ecotourism continues to be embraced as the antithesis of mass tourism because of its
promise of achieving sustainability through conservation mindedness, community
development, education and learning, and the promotion of nature-based activities that
were sensitive to both ecological and social systems. The extent to which this promise
has been realized is open to debate. Focusing on an array of economic, social and
ecological inconsistencies that continue to plague ecotourism in theory and practice,
the volume examines ecotourism in reference to other related forms of tourism, impacts,
conservation, sustainability, education and interpretation, policy and governance, and
the ethical imperative of ecotourism as these apply to the world’s greenest form of
tourism. Ecotourism is a growing field attracting increasing attention from students and
academics. Fennell provides an authoritative and comprehensive review of the most
important issues that continue to both plague ecotourism and make it one of the most
dynamic sectors in the tourism industry. It covers a comprehensive range of themes and
geographical regions. Building on the success of prior editions, Ecotourism has been
revised throughout to incorporate recent research and benefits from the introduction of
real-life case studies and summaries of recent literature. An essential reference for those
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 interested in Ecotourism, the book is accessible to students but retains the depth
required for use by researchers and practitioners in the field. New chapters on the theory
and application of animal ethics; community development in sustainable tourism; and
education and learning in the field have added further value to an already very
comprehensive volume. This book will be of interest to students across a range of
disciplines including geography, economics, business, ethics, biology, and
environmental studies.

6. Holly M Donohoe, Roger D Needham (Journal of Ecotourism 5 (3), 192-210, 2006)

A rise in the popularity of ecotourism has coincided with voluminous definitional
discourse. Amongst stakeholders, confusion has resulted from the disparate nature of
these definitions. In the absence of a common definition or set of key tenets the
challenge has been to ensure operational ecotourism that adheres to the theoretical
underpinnings of the concept. Without some semblance of definitional consensus,
ecotourism may be on a precarious course whereby the ethics upon which the activity
is conceptualized, the natural environment upon which the activity depends, and the
legitimacy of the industry are at risk. The ambition of this research is to disentangle a
set of themes from the evolving definitional debate in order to provide a framework for
the development of ecotourism policy and applications. Recurring themes are identified
through the application of content analysis methodology to select contemporary
definitions. Those themes that appear most frequently are then introduced as an
ecotourism conceptual framework based on key tenets. The tenets are meant to
represent a set of established fundamental beliefs central to ecotourism: (1) nature-
based; (2) preservation/conservation; (3) education; (4) sustainability; (5) distribution
of benefits; and (6) ethics/responsibility/awareness.

7. Ralf Buckley (CABI, 2009)

Ecotourism is a useful concept, but not a very well defined one. It has been debated in
theory and attempted in practice for nearly two decades. Its key goal is to reduce the
net environmental impact of the tourism industry, via mechanisms including minimal
impact management measures, education, community involvement, private
conservation, contributions to public protected areas, expansion of ecotourism
enterprises and mainstreaming of ecotourism principles. Focusing on fundamental
ecotourism concepts, this broad-based textbook provides a basis for studies into
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 environment-based tourism. It covers key topics such as the management, economics
and potential environmental impacts both positive and negative of this popular and
growing sector. Written for tourism students and an ideal resource for undergraduate
courses, Ecotourism: Principles and Practices will also interest industry practitioners
and researchers.

8. Dimitrios Diamantis (Current issues in Tourism 2 (2-3), 93-122, 1999)

The research within the area of ecotourism still appears to be at its infancy stage. The
definitional perspective of the concept is lacking both in terms of scope and criteria
used, as well as in aspects of its planning and operationalization. There are a variety of
ecotourism definitions all reflecting a range of paradigms and perspectives. The view
that this article has taken is that the definition of ecotourism is not really necessary if
the discussion focuses on the concepts rather than the issues implied by ecotourism.
Hence, it seems that ecotourism definitions could range from passive to active stances
incorporating the three common concepts in the form of trade-off scenarios. The three
common concepts within ecotourism are natural-based, educational, and sustainable
(which includes economic and social criteria). Within these components, both benefits
and costs exist, and in some circumstances, there is disequilibrium towards greater
costs. Fundamentally, ecotourism could merit wider credibility, but only when the
different actors involved avoid over marketing, and control the overuse of its products
by consumers. In light of these pitfalls, this paper focuses on the three components of
ecotourism and includes a review of ecotourism’s definitions followed by an
examination of its natural-based, sustainability and educational components. It
concludes with the future state of ecotourism research in light of the changes in trends
in the tourism industry.

9. Megan Wood (UNEp, 2002)

Ecotourism is a growing niche market within the larger travel industry, with the
potential of being an important sustainable development tool. With billions of dollars
in annual sales, ecotourism is a real industry that seeks to take advantage of market
trends. At the same time, it frequently operates quite differently than other segments of
the tourism industry, because ecotourism is defined by its sustainable development
results: conserving natural areas, educating visitors about sustainability, and benefiting
local people.
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10. Jessica Coria, Enrique Calfucura (Ecological Economics 73, 47-55, 2012)
A large part of the literature analyzing the links between biodiversity conservation and
community development assumes that nature-based tourism managed by indigenous
communities will result not only in conservation of natural resources but also in
increased development. In practice, ecotourism has often failed to deliver the expected
benefits to indigenous communities due to a combination of factors, including shortages
in the endowments of human, financial and social capital within the community, lack
of mechanisms for a fair distribution of the economic benefits of ecotourism, and land
insecurity. Based on a review of experiences, we analyze the complex interaction
among the factors shaping the success and failure of ecotourism experiences in
indigenous communities, and we stress the need for a better approach to enhance the
indigenous communities' livelihood possibilities coming from ecotourism, as well as to
promote land tenure and communities' empowerment.

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 CHAPTER 3
DESTINATION PROFILE

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3.1 Ecotourism

Ecotourism is a concept that evolved over the last 20 years as the conservation community,
people living in and around protected areas and the travel industry witnessed a boom in nature
tourism and realized their mutual interests in directing its growth. Ecotourism has brought the
promise of achieving conservation goals, improving the well-being of local communities and
generating new business-promoting a rare win-win situation. Ecotourism is about more than
simply visiting natural attractions or natural places; it’s about doing so in a responsible and
sustainable manner. The term itself refers to traveling to natural areas with a focus on
environmental conservation. The goal is to educate tourists about conservation efforts while
offering them the chance to explore nature. Conservation is arguably the most important
component of ecotourism because it should offer long-term, sustainable solutions to enhancing
and protecting biodiversity and nature. This is typically achieved through economic incentives
paid by tourists seeking a nature-based experience, but can also come from the tourism
organizations themselves, research, or direct environmental conservation efforts. Ecotourism
should increase employment opportunities and empower local communities, helping in the
fight against global social issues like poverty and achieving sustainable development.

As one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry, there are bound to be some
downsides to ecotourism. Whenever humans interact with animals or even with the
environment, it risks the chance of human- wildlife conflict or other negative effects; if done
so with respect and responsibility in mind, however, ecotourism can reap enormous benefits to
protected areas.

As an industry that relies heavily on the presentation of eco-friendly components to attract

customers, ecotourism has the inevitable potential as a vessel for greenwashing. Part of
planning a trip rooted in ecotourism is doing research to ensure that an organization is truly
providing substantial benefits to the environment rather than exploiting it. Ecotourism offers
unique travel experiences focusing on nature and education, with an emphasis on sustainability
and highlighting threatened or endangered species. It combines conservation with local
communities and sustainable travel, highlighting principles (and operations) that minimize
negative impacts and expose visitors to unique ecosystems and natural areas. When managed
correctly, ecotourism can benefit both the traveler and the environment, since the money that
goes into ecotourism often goes directly towards protecting the natural areas they visit.
Somewhat ironically, sometimes ecotourism can hurt ecosystems just as much as it can help.

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It's not just the animals who are at risk. As ecotourism activities become too popular, it can
lead to the construction of new infrastructure to accommodate more visitors. Similarly, more
crowds mean more pressure on local resources, increased pollution, and a higher chance of
damaging the soil and plant quality through erosion. On the social side, these activities may
displace Indigenous groups or local communities from their native lands, preventing them from
benefiting from the economic opportunities of tourism.

3.2 Eco tourism in Kozhikode

❖ Kakkad eco-tourism
Kakkad is 45 Km away from Kozhikode city in the direction of Wayanad in Kozhikode.
It is a new eco-tourism spot situated in Thamarassery forest range. You can enjoy a
little trekking and a beautiful stream in the middle of the forest. If you are lover of
nature, then this may be your haven as it attracts a variety of birds, animals, butterflies
and have a wide variety of medicinal plants also. If you are a nature lover then this is
the place that attracts you by the variety of birds, animals, butterflies and has numerous
medicinal plants. There is a small park where both children and adults can enjoy. The
forest is rich with trees and shrubs. Several waterfalls and small lakes make Kakkad
favourite for the travellers. Apart from the waterfalls trekking to Kumban hill and
Athikkode hill is a favorite experience. Kakkkad ecotourism has numerous natural
wonders as well as other beautiful waterfalls that make it ideal for the tourism and to
rejuvenate yourself.

❖ Peruvannamuzhi Ecotourism
Peruvannamoozhy, a scenic village located 60 km from Perambra in Kozhikode, Kerala
has been included in the list of eco-tourism destinations in Kerala with the tourism
minister inaugurating the eco-tourism project here on August 10, 2008. This 130.70-
million-rupee project at Peruvannamoozhy site being implemented by Pannikkottur
Vana Samrakshana Samiti and is funded by Kerala Tourism. There is a dam at
Peruvannamoozhy. The Peruvannamoozhy dam site set amid hills is a beautiful picnic
spot. The region offers immense scope for picnicking. An ecological hotspot in the
Western Ghats, the eco-tourism destination of Peruvannamoozhy is home to over 680
species of rare plants. The facilities available here include wild animal rehabilitation

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 centre, bird sanctuary, crocodile farm, snake park, spice garden, trekking and boating.
The reservoir here provides facilities for speedboat and rowboat cruises. There is a
beautiful garden called Smaraka Thottam, which is built in the memory of the freedom
fighters of the region. Peruvannamoozhy is a fascinating eco-tourism center is the water
spread area of Peruvannamuoozhy reservoir in Kozhikode district. It is an excellent
area for understanding the conservation benefits provided by forests. Rich in wildlife,
birdlife and butterfly population, the area is an ideal location for nature enthusiasts. The
irrigation dam and the garden nearby are added attractions. As part of eco-tourism
initiatives, the following facilities have been created:
• Animal rehabilitation center
• Bathing facility in river
• Trekking programme
• Bamboo rafting

❖ Thusharagiri Ecotourism
A trekker’s delight, Thusharagiri is sandwiched in the wrinkles of the majestic Western
Ghats and it has a set of alluring rapids forming one of the most visited destinations
‘Thusharagiri Waterfalls.’ India has a number of waterfalls but amongst them all;
Kerala is blessed with some gorgeous cascading falls. One such halting place
‘Thusharagiri Falls’ has a collection of three waterfalls you can visit which is located
in the coastal district of Kerala 'Kozhikode’ at Kodencherry village. And this must visit
destination is filled with oozing treasures; you can feel the waft as the free-falling water
splash on the surface below. Thusharagiri waterfalls are definitely worth seeing
destination and praising when you visit Kerala. You can spend a day amidst the nature
and freshness of the destination. As mentioned, Thusharagiri has three waterfalls you
can visit them all as they are in just mere few meters away from the entrance.
Frattumukku waterfall is at a distance of 100 meters, Mazhavil waterfall at a distance
of 500 meters and Thumbithullumpara waterfalls at a distance of 1 kilometre. In fact,
Thusharagiri awards unlimited scope for trekking, wildlife sanctuary visits, and rock-
climbing adventure activities. If you are looking for trekking to Thusharagiri waterfalls
then this landmark is around 50 kilometres from Kozhikode. Apart from that, there are
other nearby towns few kilometres away like Kodancherry which is around 11
kilometres from Thusharagiri. Other main tourist towns further away from the

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 Thusharagiri waterfalls are Thiruvambady which is 18 km away and Thamarassery
which is 17 km away. Trekkers can climb through the pristine jade green evergreen
forest overflowing with fascinating birds and animals.

❖ Kakkayam
Kakkayam is about 66 km from Kozhikode Town. Once you start from Kozhikode you
can reach the place from via Balussery, Estate Mukku and Koorachundu. At an altitude
of 2500 m above sea level and tucked into the dark folds of eastern Ghats, Kakkayam
forms the part of a Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary. Kakkayam welcomes you with its
much-publicized reservoir, dam, powerhouse and the valleys you see around. That's all
the beginning. The real buzz waits inside, deep in the woods. Even in a casual stroll
outside the woods of Kakkayam, the prospects of crossing the track of elephants are
huge, and at times they come out near the dam giving goosebumps to the tourists. No
wonder Kakkayam has been selected by the International Union of Conservation of
Nature (IUCN) as one of the best places in the region for its range of flora and fauna.
Come the right seasons, you will be treated with a riot of colours all around. Rare
orchids and medicinal herbs lure enthusiasts, botanists, and nature lovers from far and
wide. The sheer variety of butterflies is also a sight for the sore eyes.

❖ Kakkavayal – Vanaparvam Biodiversity Park

Vanaparvam Biodiversity Park is situated in the Thamarassery forest range in
Kakkavayal which is 4km from Kozhikode District. It is a greenery beautiful
destination in Kozhikode which attracts the tourist by its jungle beauty. It is located in
the dense forest, which is rich with some natural water streams. The park is rich with
the variety species of plants is about more than 2300, which is spread over an area about
112 acres. A visit to the natural forest area is a chance to see and feel some of the wild
varieties of plants. One can also enjoy the dancing fishes from the wooden suspension
bridge across the Pathipara River. The star attraction awaits you in the form of
Nakshatra Vanam (Star Tree Forest). Bambusetum is another major attraction here.

❖ Janakikadu ecotourism center

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 Janakikadu is an ecologically diverse and rich landscape located in the Maruthongara
Panchayat of Kozhikode, just 7 km from Kuttiyadi. So named after V. K. Janaki Amma,
who once owned this whole land, Janakikadu is now under the Janakikadu Ecotourism
Project which sustains and maintains this place. The 131-hectare panorama contains a
strikingly diverse range of flora and fauna. The fauna includes species like the Gray
Jungle Fowls and Horn Bills. Inside the dense green forest is the Chavaramuzhi river.
The cool river can soothe your stressed self after the long journey. For trekkers,
Janakikadu is a lovely place to begin. The lush, dense forest itself offers a calm
tranquility that will rejuvenate your mind. A nature lover’s delight, the Janakikadu Eco-
Tourism Project at Kozhikode offers bird watching, butterfly tracking and trekking
through the thick forest range of Kozhikode. A trek through this pristine greenery would
give you glimpses of rare avian species and multitudes of vivid butterflies. A casual
stroll under a canopy brings one across to exquisite medicinal herbs while raft rides on
the river bring a part of the beautiful shore into view.

3.3 Kadalundi

Kadalundi is an outstanding tourist place in Kerala which is situated in Kozhikode district.

Kadalundi is well known for its waterway which rises from the Cherakomban Mountains.
Kadalundi is a group of islands that forms a beautiful tourist destination. Locally, the place is
known as Kadalundi Nagaram. The virtuous nature and fantastic picturesque view transport
visitors to a land of innocence and beauty. Kadalundi, about 25 kms from Kozhikode, is a place
of much historical significance. References to Kadalundi can be seen in documents of the
Sangham era during which it was known as Thondi. Thondi was the headquarters of the Chera
dynasty. In ancient times, Kadalundi was a major port that had trade relationships with the
Arabs and Romans. By the 12th century, the region came under the authority of the local rulers
of Parappanad Kovilakam. The Parappanad ruler allowed the Dutch to build the Chaliyath Fort
here, which was later demolished by the Zamorin. At a later period, the area came under British
rule. The touring in Kadalundi will give an exciting knowledge to the travelers. There are
numerous vacationer destinations in Kadalundi.

This small paradise is the nest of various domestic and migratory birds. Kadalundi in Kerala is
a charming destination with historical significance and natural beauty. Kadalundi tourism gives
you a pleasant traveling experience and fills your heart with unforgettable memories. Strolling

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amidst the greenery while admiring the scenic view will rejuvenate your senses. Kadalundi is
one of the places that offer you a chance to reconnect with nature and get a sneak peek
into history. And the best part about that is that you will be amazed by experiencing
both elements. So, you can get some refreshing vibes and enjoy some of your best
moments amidst nature's beauty. Apart from it, there is a bird sanctuary that will keep
you engaged throughout your visit. So, you can take a short break to explore this village
and create long-lasting memories.

3.4 Attraction

Island Tourism Kadalundi

The credit for launching such an innovative mangrove-based canoe tour should be given to
Island Tourism Kadalundi run by Ambali Baburaj and his son Shamjith. The fish farm run by
this group in Cheriyatiruthi has karimeen, chempally, kalanji, njandu etc. In 201,6 Baburaj
received Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Antodaya Krishi Puraskar for sustainable brackish
water aquaculture practices as livelihood option. Canoe cruises of different durations are
offered as per the requirements of the group. Sea food-based lunch and other entertainment
programmes are provided along with the cruise. The concept of eco-friendly mangrove cruise
is effectively planned and implemented here facilitating views of mangrove clusters, island
life, fishing practices, bridges, bird sanctuary and estuary. If you are a true lover of mangroves,
Kadalundi is the best to engage in canoe cruise.

Small entrepreneurs such as Island Tourism Kadalundi, Kadalundi River Tourism, Green
Island, Kadavu Hut River Tourism and Kadalundi Tourism are the new hope for the tourism
sector of Kadalundi. The journey starts from Community Reserve Office premises. The canoe
ride goes around the mangroves under the railway bridge. There is a wide world of sights to
see during the trip, including the Kadalundikadav estuary and bird sanctuary. The estuary,
where the sea and the river meet, silencing even the wind, is a favorite destination for tourists.
Nine species of mangroves can be found in Kadalundi, a confluence of rare natural beauty.
There are nine bridges including two railway bridges. The canoe trip is arranged around all
these. The hillocks that surround the sanctuary provide a magnificent view of the estuary and

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the sea. Kadalundi, with its captivating wild beauty, is a popular destination for trekkers,
wildlife photographers and picnicker

3.5 Activities

In Kadalundi, you can do quality things. Explore the best of the Kadalundi with limited
things to do. Below is the list of things to do in Kadalundi:

o Nature walking

o Bird watching

o Enjoy scenic views at the Kadalundi River

o Photography

o Seafood

o Fishing

o Boating

➢ Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary: Kadalundi bird sanctuary is spread over a group of islands
located in the region where River Kadalundi flows into the Arabian Sea. The beautiful
sanctuary, surrounded by hillocks, is home to hundreds of birds which include about 60
species of migratory birds. The mangrove forests here are a natural habitat for otters
and jackals. The sanctuary is located right next to the old Kadalundi Railway Bridge
where the infamous Kadalundi train derailment happened in 2001 killing 57 people.
The sanctuary is spread over an area of 3 km and there is a nearby hillock some 200
meters above sea level that offers splendid views of the sanctuary, the river mouth and
the Arabian Sea. The islands are formed mostly of sand, and flocks of birds will be
resting or trying to pick their food from the ground. It is quite difficult to approach them
in close proximity as they are very aware and scared of human presence. Cameras with
powerful lenses or binoculars are the only option to view some of the very rare species
of birds. The dense mangrove forests are another interesting feature here, they stand in
the waters as if they are green forts protecting its inhabitants. Many birds make their
nests in these mangrove forests. The sanctuary is managed by the Gram Panchayath's

19
 of Kadalundi and Vallikunnu, and the visitors can take a ride on the boats provided at
the sanctuary and catch glimpse of the mangrove forests as well the bird populations.
The ideal time to visit the sanctuary is from December to April when the migratory
birds flock here. In any time of the year, visiting in the early morning hours will give
you a chance to see many species of birds. Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary is located 19 km
away from Kozhikode City. There are buses from the city to Kadalundi. There is a
railway station too in Kadalundi, right near the sanctuary but only few trains have stops
there. The nearest major railway station is in Kozhikode.

➢ A Kadalundi cruise through mangroves: The mangrove forests of kadalundi are the
main attraction of the place. The visitors can closely observe the mangrove the forests.
A canoe cruise along the Kadalundi offers sights of the lush, green mangroves, rare
birds and rural life. The Kadalundi River flowing through the border of Kozhikode and
Malappuram districts is famed for its small islands and green mangrove clusters. A
canoe is operated by Island Tourism Kadalundi in the river. The notable islets in
Kadalundi are Balatiruthi, C. P tiruthi and Cheriyatiruthi.The canoe moved very slowly
against the waves passing several bridges and closely to the mangroves and its small
creeks. Mangroves are a group of salt tolerant trees and shrubs seen in the coastal
intertidal zone. One was able to touch the mangroves and to experience its beauty
closely and click stunning pictures of the mangrove clusters at frequent intervals.
Numerous creeks in the river provided an ideal opportunity to closely observe the
mangrove clusters. Local people are engaged in fishing by using very small canoes.
Flock of migratory birds and indigenous birds like egrets, herons, cranes, kingfisher,
cormorants, Brahminy kites etc. were spotted. Small houses of the villagers and coconut
groves are the attractions of the islands. On the way, are mangrove clusters in
Balatiruthi which are amongst the largest mangrove covers in the area. C.P Tiruthi is
one of the small islands I saw during the cruise. The cool Branthan mangrove (Kandal)
variety is located closed to Kadalundi Rail Bridge. The movement of trains at frequent
intervals along the bridge is breath-taking. Mussel farming and oyster cultivation are
prominent in Kadalundi River.

20
➢ Seafood: For the party goers, packages are also prepared including delicious local food
of the river along with the canoe ride. Kadalundi carp fry, crab fry, muru meat fry,
shrimp fry, kappa, pathiri and chapati are included in the package of island tourism
Kadalundi along with local food. A group of 12 people is charged Rs 900 including
food and canoeing. Other food items are also prepared as per requirement. The price is
1500 rupees if it is only a canoe trip. Fishes directly caught from Baburaj’s fish farm in
Cherathiruthi, which has won a national award in fish farming, are also used for food.

➢ Boating: Island tourism has the facility of canoeing for more than 100 people at a time.
The boating through the Kadalundi River gives the visitors a closer view of the
mangrove forests and the bio diversities. There are four boat services. The first trip will
start at morning 10 .After two hours of canoeing they provide a delicious meal. The
boat is row on human power. There is only a person row the canoe. They never use
machines or motors in boat. Because the adversely affect or disturb the eco system.
They a numerous bird there. The peaceful ride will continue when other group of people
is ready. The timings are morning 10, afternoon 12 and 2 for canoe ride. The travelers
have to book their slot through WhatsApp at least before one day.

➢ Flora and Fauna: There are almost 135 species including about 60 non -native bird
species. The migratory birds even include birds in fear of extinction. Between
November and April, one will be able to see flocks of Terns, Gulls, Herons, Sandpipers,
Whimbrels, Brahminy Kites and Cormorants. A wide variety of fish, mussels and crabs,
and snakes like the Cobra, the Krait and the Viper also inhabit this wetland habitat. The
migratory birds even include birds in fear of extinction. The mangrove forests of
Kadalundi are the main attraction of the place. The visitors can closely observe the
mangrove forests.

21
 CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

22
 TABLE 4.1

TABLE SHOWING GENDER OF RESPONDENTS

LEVEL OF RESPONSE NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Male 32 64
Female 18 36
Others 0 0
Total 50 100

Figure 4.1

NO. OF RESPONDENTS

Male Female Other

INTERPRETATION

Table 4.1 shows that the majority of the respondents are Male gender.

23
 TABLE 4.2
TABLE SHOWING AGE GROUP OF RESPONDENTS

AGE NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Below 20 10 20
20-35 19 38
35-50 13 26
Above 50 8 16
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.2

NO. OF RESPONDENTS

Below 20 20-35 35-50 Above 50

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.2 shows that the majority of the respondents are between 20-35.

24
 TABLE 4.3
TABLE SHOWING OCCUPATION OF VISITORS

OCCUPATION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Student 14 28
Government 6 12
Self employed 15 30
Private 11 22
Abroad 4 8
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.3

NO. OF RESPONDENTS
35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Student Government Self employed Private Abroad

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.3 shows that majority of the respondents are self-employed.

25
 TABLE 4.4
TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF TIMES VISITED

NUMBER OF TIMES NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

VISITED RESPONDENTS
One 2 4
Twice 7 14
More than twice 4 8
Never before 37 74
Total 50 100

TABLE 4.4

NO.OF RESPONDENTS
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
One Twice More than twice Never before

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.4 shows that majority of respondents are new to this destination. They never before
visited this place.

26
 TABLE 4.5
TABLE SHOWING NATURE OF TOURIST
NATURE OF TOURIST NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
Domestic 42 84
Local 6 12
Foreigner 0 0
Total 50 100

TABLE 4.5

NO.OF RESPONDENTS
90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Domestic Local Foreigner

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.5 shows that mainly domestic tourists are visiting the destination.

27
 TABLE 4.6
TABLE SHOWING PURPOSE OF VISIT
PURPOSE NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
Leisure 34 68
Eco tourism 7 14
Education purpose 5 10
Photography 4 8
Total 50 100

TABLE 4.6

NO OF RESPONDENTS
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
LEISURE ECO TOURISM EDUCATION PURPOSE PHOTOGRAPHY

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.6 shows that mainly tourists visit this destination for leisure purpose.

28
 TABLE 4.7
TABLE SHOWING REASON FOR CHOOSING KADALUNDI
REASON NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
Environment 5 10
Holiday and relaxation 28 56
Recommended by friends 5 10
Beauty of nature 12 24
Total 50 100

TABLE 4.7

NO .OF RESPONDENTS

Beauty of nature

Recommended by friends

Holiday and relaxation

Environment

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.7 shows respondents choosing Kadalundi for holiday and relaxation.

29
 TABLE 4.8

TABLE SHOWING ACQUAINTANCE OF ECOTOURISM IN

KADALUNDI ECO TOURISM

MEDIUM NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
Magazine/newspaper 10 20
Internet 24 48
Friends/family 12 24
Tourist information Centre 4 8
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.8

NO. OF RESPONDENTS

TOURIST INFORMATION CENTRE

FRIENDS/FAMILY

INTERNET

MAGAZINE/NEWSPAPER

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Percentage

INTERPRETATION

Table 4.8 shows that majority of respondents know about this destination through internet.

30
 TABLE 4.9
TABLE SHOWING LEVEL OF STATISFACTON
OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
Yes 38 76

No 12 24

Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.9

NO. OF RESPONDENTS
40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Yes No

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.9 the larger majority of people are highly satisfied to stay fulfill expectations, but
even a few still doesn’t have the full awareness about the same.

31
 TABLE 4.10
TABLE SHOWING CLEANLINESS AND MAINTANENCES OF
DESTINATION
OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
Strongly agree 26 52
Agree 20 40
Disagree 4 8
Strongly disagree 0 0
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.10

NO.OF RESPONDENTS
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.10 shows from the above figure is clear that majority of respondents don’t have a fear
about the cleanliness and the maintenance of the destination and surroundings.

32
 TABLE 4.11
TABLE SHOWING WHY KADALUNDI IS DIFFER FROM THE
OTHER DESTINATION IN KOZHIKODE

OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
Atmosphere 6 12
Facilities 8 16
Geographical background 27 54
Packages 9 18
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.11

NO. OF RESPONDENTS
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Atmosphere Facilities Geographical background Packages

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.11 shows, according to respondents Kadalundi is differ from other ecotourism
destinations in Kozhikode because of its geographical background.

33
 TABLE 4.12
TABLE SHOWING ATTRACTION OF THE DESTINATION WERE
APPEALING

OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
Strongly agree 24 48
Agree 10 20
Disagree 12 24
Strongly disagree 4 8
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.12

NO. OF RESPONDENTS
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree

PERCENTAGE

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.12 shows that majority of respondents agree that the destination is appealing.

34
 TABLE 4.13
TABLE SHOWING ADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
FOR TOURIST

OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
Strongly agree 20 40
Agree 14 28
Disagree 11 22
Strongly disagree 5 10
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.13

NO. OF RESPONDENTS

Strongly disagree

Disagree

Agree

Strongly agree

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.13 shows, majority of the people have opinion that destination adequate
infrastructure facilities for tourist.

35
 TABLE 4.14
TABLE SHOWING OPINION ABOUT PUBLIC SUPPORTING TO THE
TOURIST

OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
Excellent 29 58
Good 12 24
Average 5 10
Poor 4 8
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.14

NO.OF RESPONDENTS

Poor

Average

Good

Excellent

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.14 shows that larger respondents have agreed the public support is excellent.

36
 TABLE 4.15
TABLE SHOWING OPINION ABOUT WHETHER THEY VISIT
AGAIN

OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
Yes 27 54
No 23 46
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.15

NO. OF RESPONDENTS

Yes No

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.15 shows that larger respondents that they want to visit the destination again.

37
 TABLE 4.16
TABLE SHOWING WHETHER TOURIST SATISFIED WITH THE
GUIDE SERVICES

OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
Yes 32 64

No 18 36

Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.16

NO OF RESPONDENTS

Yes No

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.16 shows that majority are satisfied with guide services.

38
 TABLE 4.17
TABLE SHOWING RATING KADALUNDI AS AN ECOTOURISM
DESTINATION

OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
Excellent 28 56
Good 12 24
Average 6 12
Poor 4 8
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.17

NO.OF RESPONDENTS
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Excellent Good Average Poor

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.17 shows that majority of respondents rated destination as excellent.

39
 TABLE 4.18
TABLE SHOWING REQUIREMENT OF POPULARITY OR
PROMOTION TO THIS DESTINATION

OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
Yes 39 78
No 11 22
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.18

NO.OF RESPONDENTS

No

Yes

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.18 shows majority respondents have the opinion that there is a requirement for
popularity and promotion.

40
 TABLE 4.19
UNIQUE EXPERIENCE

OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
Yes 28 56
No 22 44
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.19

NO. OF RESPONDENTS

Yes No

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.19 shows majority of respondents have the opinion that spending time in destination
is a unique experience.

41
 TABLE 4.20

TABLE SHOWING WHAT IS TO BE IMPROVE IN KADALUNDI

OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
Guide services 12 24
Packages 22 44
Boat services 10 20
Safety measures 6 12
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.20

NO. OF RESPONDENTS

Safety measures

Boating services

Packages

Guide services

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.20 shows majority respondents have the opinion to improve the quality packages.

42
 TABLE 4.21
TABLE SHOWING BEST EXPERIECE IN KADALUNDI
OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
Boating 29 58
Seafood 7 14
Bird sanctuary 6 12
Mangrove forest visiting 8 16
Fish farm visiting 0 0
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.21

NO.OF RESPONDENTS
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Boating Seafood Bird sanctuary Mangrove forest Fish farm visiting
visiting

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.21 shows that majority respondents have the best experience in boat services.

43
 TABLE 4.22
COVID-19 AFFECTED ECO TOURISM SECTOR
OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
Yes 50 100
No 0 0
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.22

NO. OF RESPONDENTS

Category 3

No

Yes

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.22 shows that all respondents agree that Covid-19 positively and negatively affected
on eco-tourism sector.

44
 TABLE 4.23
TABLE SHOWING OPINION ABOUT SAFETY FACILITIES IN
KADALUNDI

OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
Excellent 7 14
Good 24 48
Average 13 26
Poor 6 12
Total 50 100

FIGURE 4.23

NO . OF RESPONDENTS
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Excellent Good Average Poor

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.23 shows that majority of respondents have good opinion on safety facilities.

45
 TABLE 4.24
EXPERIENCE IN KADALUNDI
OPINION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
Excellent 32 64
Good 19 38
Average 7 14
Poor 6 12
total 50 100

FIGURE 4.24

NO.OF RESPONDENTS
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Excellent Good Average Poor

Percentage

INTERPRETATION
Table 4.24 shows that larger respondents agree that they have excellent experience with
ecotourism in Kadalundi.

46
 CHAPTER 5
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

47
5.1 FINDINGS

➢ Kadalundi ecotourism destination in Kozhikode is very much attracted by

domestic travelers.
➢ Many people are new to this destination still some of them are interested to
come many times.
➢ People love to spend their holiday and relaxation with family mainly their
purpose is leisure.
➢ The destination is more appealing.
➢ The destination is differed from the other destination of Kozhikode because of
geographical background.
➢ Public co-ordination around this area is in excellent condition. They open some
stores in front of their house. The ecotourism can help in income generation.
➢ Majority of the tourist come to know about ecotourism from Internet.
➢ They are not disturbing the public or biodiversity. For this act they are not using
motor boats. The guides are itself rowing the boat.
➢ There is no separate guide to detail the destination or explain about the diversity.
➢ Packages may not be bare by common people. It little expensive.
➢ The destinations and surroundings are clean and well maintained.

48
5.2 SUGGESTIONS

➢ Provide better assistance and guidance to the tourists

➢ The support from the government is less. Government has to provide more support to
this destination.
➢ Promotional activities should be reaches at the national and international level.
➢ Provide tourism orientation programs.
➢ Arrange some awareness classes in school or college to introduce the importance of
eco-tourism.
➢ Packages are expensive. Make more packages to attract common people too.
➢ The package includes fish farming but it is not attractive. Should give some importance
to fish farming too.

49
5.3 CONCLUSIONS

I have done this project to understand the “Ecotourism potential in Kozhikode, special
reference to Kadalundi”. Revealed the scope of tourism in Kozhikode. Ecotourism means
“responsible travel to natural areas that conserve the environment, sustains the well-being of
the local people and involves interpretation and education”.

The local community can play a vital role in promotion of tourism of tourism. Local support
and corporation are very help for tourism development. Since the Kozhikode is a major eco-
tourism destination community support is essential for development. Economical and the
cultural change also occurred to the community.

Kozhikode helps to boost the tourism development of Kerala. It also provides various facilities
to tourists. It promotes tourism in Kerala through providing various experiences to tourist like
eco-tourism, adventure tourism, wild life tourism etc.

The tourism in Kozhikode in provides more job opportunities for the local people. Eco home
stays are most wanted by both domestic and international tourists. Tourism has major role in
the employment generation. We can see local people have opened stores near this destination.
Government should take necessary action to promote the ecotourism in Kerala.

50
BIBLIOGRAPHY

51
BOOKS

➢ Ecotourism guidance for tour operator-Yogendra Rajput

➢ Island tourism and sustainable development-Yogendra Rajput
➢ Ecotourism Planning and Management- Romila Chawla
➢ Eco tourism: Principles and Practices-Ralf Buckley
➢ Tourism in India: Planning and Development -A K Bhatia

WEBSITES

➢ www.sciencedirect.com
➢ www.owlgen.in
➢ https://islandinnovation.co/articles/island-tourism-balancing-protection-and-
profitability-to-ensure-a-sustainable-future/
➢ www.keralatravels.com
➢ https://scholar.google.com
➢ www.tripadvisor.in
➢ www.indianholiday.com
➢ www.keralatourism.org
➢ www.kozhikode.directory
➢ www.asianage.com
➢ www.kadalundirivertourism.com
➢ www.manoramaonline.com
➢ www.keralaforestecotourism.com
➢ www.reachkerala.com

52
APPENDIX

53
QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear sir/madam,

I ATHIRA E student of Bachelor of travel and tourism management, JDT ISLAM ARTS
AND COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, VELLIMADUKUNNU, University of
Calicut. As part of my academic curriculum, I have undertaken a project work entitled
“ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN KOZHIKODE SPECIAL REFERNCE TO
KADALUNDI”. To carry out my study successfully, I would like to get your co-operation by
filling up a simple questionnaire attached here with.

I assure that the information collected from you will be utilized only for the academic purpose.
Your response would be valuable in making this project work most useful.

1. Name
2. Gender
o Male
o Female
o Others
3. Age
o Below 20
o 20-35
o 35-50
o Above 50
4. Occupation
o Government
o Self employed
o Student
o Abroad
5. Number of times visited
o Once
o Twice
o More than twice
o Never before

54
6. Nature of tourist
o Domestic
o Local
o Foreigner
7. What was the purpose of your visit
o Leisure
o Ecotourism
o Education purpose
o Photography
8. Why do you choose Kadalundi island tourism?
o Environment
o Holiday and relaxation
o Recommended by friends
o Beauty of nature
9. How do you know about Kadalundi eco-tourism
o Magazine/newspaper
o Internet
o Friends/family
o Tourist information centre
10. Are you satisfied with the amenities in ecotourism destination
1. Yes
2. No
11. Do you agree the destinations and surroundings are clean and well maintained
o Strongly agree
o Agree
o Disagree
o Strongly disagree
12. Why Kadalundi is differ from the other destinations in Calicut district
o Atmosphere
o Facilities
o Geographical background
o packages

55
13. Do you agree the tourist attractions at these destinations are more appealing
o Strongly agree
o Agree
o Disagree
o Strongly disagree
14. Do you agree these destinations have adequate infrastructure facilities for tourist
o Strongly agree
o Agree
o Disagree
o Strongly disagree
15. What is your opinion about the public supporting to the tourist
o excellent
o Good
o Average
o Poor
16. Are you visit again
o Yes
o No
17. Are you satisfied with tourist guide services
o Yes
o No
18. Rate Kadalundi as an ecotourism destination
o Excellent
o Good
o Average
o Below average
19. Does Kadalundi eco-tourism require more popularity or promotion
o Yes
o No
20. Do you think spending time in Kadalundi as a unique experience
o Yes
o No

56
21. What is to be improve in Kadalundi tourism
o Guide services
o Boating services
o Packages
o Safety measures

22. What was the best experience in Kadalundi eco-tourism

o Boating
o Seafood
o Bird sanctuary visit
o Mangrove forest visiting
o Fish farm visiting
23. Do the pandemic covid-19 affected the ecotourism sector
o Yes
o No
24. What is you about the safety facilities in Kadalundi
o Excellent
o Good
o Average
o Below average
25. What is your total experience
o Excellent
o Good
o Average
o Below average

57