Work at Height

Technical Standard No. TS2010

Revision No. 1.5

Date: February 2020

Enterprise Standards:
Prepared by: Jeremy Rowlette & Damien Kretz
Technical Approval: Kurt Krueger
IEOS Approval: Karen Morris

Revision History

Rev Rev Sections

Description Revised By Approved By
No. Date Affected
0 GE fall Protection manual All Kurt Krueger
1 Sept Initial Issue (supersedes GE Fall Protection All J. Rowlette Kurt Krueger
2017 Manual)
1 Oct 2017 Updated to reflect master template changes 1, 2, 5 C. Papadakis K. Morris
1.1 Oct 2017 Minor additions and corrections. 4.1, 4.2, 8, D. Kretz K. Morris
10.
1.2 Jan Adjustments to address user feedbacks. 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 D. Kretz K. Bogler
2018
1.3 May Approved anchorage point updated to Definitions; C. Papadakis K. Bogler
2018 include ex. of US requirements. Attachment Attachment
A updated with anchorage point updates A

1.4 February Update to allow businesses/operations the 1, 2, 5 K. Morris R. Martella

2019 option to develop functionally equivalent
process/procedures in place of Technical
Standard; language approved by R. Martella
1.5 February Update Scope; update 5.1 moving 2.1; 5.1; T. Wertz K. Morris
2020 functionally equivalent to definitions; Definitions;
Appendix A as separate documents & link; Appendices
remove Appendix B – not utilized
 Technical Standard No. TS2010
Work at Height Revision No. 1.5
Date: February 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sections 1-12 are Controlled Content

1. PURPOSE ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
2. SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................. 3
3. KEY PRINCIPLES ............................................................................................................................................. 4
4. PROCEDURE ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
4.1. FALL HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................ 4
4.2. DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF EQUIPMENT ....................................................... 5
4.3. EQUIPMENT INSPECTIONS.......................................................................................................... 7
4.4. RESCUE ............................................................................................................................................... 7
5. CASE BY CASE DEVIATION ......................................................................................................................... 8
6. RECORDS........................................................................................................................................................... 8
7. RESPONSIBILITIES ......................................................................................................................................... 9
7.1. BUSINESS EHS/OneEHS ............................................................................................................... 9
7.2. OPERATIONAL LEADERSHIP ....................................................................................................... 9
7.3. GE EMPLOYEES/CONTRACTORS/VISITORS .......................................................................... 9
8. COMMUNICATION AND TRAINING ......................................................................................................... 9
9. EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT .......................................................................................................10
10. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................11
11. DEFINITIONS ..................................................................................................................................................11
12. APPENDICES ..................................................................................................................................................13
13. NON-CONTROLLED ANNEXES................................................................................................................13

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Work at Height Revision No. 1.5
Date: February 2020

1. PURPOSE
1.1. This Technical Standard is part of GE’s Integrated EHS Operating System and sets out
minimum GE expectations regarding all Work at Height operations. GE businesses may
develop functionally equivalent standards (and/or procedures) for executing Work at Height
programs. The standard is comprised of:
1.1.1. Core Requirements and Key Principles – these are the key standards (the “what”) that
GE operations are required to meet, where they apply;
1.1.2. Procedure – these provisions explain relevant process and procedural requirements
to help GE businesses implement Core Requirements (the “how”); and
1.1.3. Other Requirements – other requirements regarding effective operating, such as
local, customer or regulatory requirements, as applicable and contained in
Appendices to this Technical Standard, and/or the OneEHS GE Construction EHS Plan.
1.1.4. Appendices – Appendix A contains the established Core Requirements. Additional
Appendices may contain example templates, supporting tools, or other specific
requirements related to the standard.
1.2. Non-Controlled Annex - Where businesses have the need to establish additional
requirements from customers, they may use the Non-Controlled Annex(es) to add this
supplemental information provided that:
1.2.1. Businesses remain responsible for communicating Non-Controlled Annex
requirements to their employees, providing appropriate training, and providing
appropriate operational supervision to achieve effective implementation; and
1.3. Requirements in the Technical Standard shall take precedence over Non-Controlled Annex
requirements in the event of conflict.

2. SCOPE
2.1. These requirements apply to all GE businesses and joint ventures where GE is the controlling
(>50%) or operating partner. It applies to fixed facilities, projects and services, sales, office
only, leased workers and affiliates. Businesses may develop functionally equivalent standards
(and/or procedures) for executing programs addressing Work at Height. Alternatives shall
adequately address all GE expectations as defined, at a minimum, in the applicable Core
Requirements.
2.2. Businesses should be aware that:
2.2.1. These requirements do not fulfil all regulatory requirements and that they shall
continue to assess and comply with all applicable regulations;
2.2.2. Where relevant regulatory requirements do not exist, or are less stringent than this
Technical Standard, Technical Standard requirements shall be followed; and
2.2.3. In cases of conflict between Standard requirements and regulatory or other
requirements, the most stringent (protective) shall apply.

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Date: February 2020

3. KEY PRINCIPLES
3.1. Appendix A contains the complete Core Requirements applicable to Working At Height, which
should be read in full. The following Key Principles are a summary of the key Core
Requirements for context only, and are the subject of additional procedural requirements as
set out in Section 4 (Procedure).
3.1.1. Fall hazard risk assessments shall be conducted by or reviewed by a competent
person.
3.1.2. Equipment, scaffolding, covers, anchor points, and fall protection systems shall be
designed, constructed, and used per consensus standards.
3.1.3. All equipment, tools and apparatuses shall be inspected prior to use and no less than
annually, following manufacturer requirements and recommendations.
3.1.4. A documented rescue plan shall be developed for any employee who utilizes a
personal fall arrest system.
3.1.5. All individuals who use, work with, stand on, inspect and/or repair fall protection or
personnel elevating equipment shall be trained appropriately.
3.1.6. Operations shall develop and implement a regular inspection schedule to confirm
core requirements are understood and implemented.
3.1.7. Findings from inspections and lessons learned shall be closed appropriately, shared
to improved overall knowledge of the requirements, and evaluated for opportunities
to drive continuous improvement.

4. PROCEDURE
4.1. Fall Hazard Risk Assessment
4.1.1. Activities that expose a GE employee or contractor to a routine, non-routine, or
temporary fall hazard shall have a documented fall hazard risk assessment that is
conducted or approved by a competent person prior to commencement of work.
4.1.2. Fall hazard risk assessments shall include the following criteria:
4.1.2.1. Name of person conducting risk assessment.
4.1.2.2. Description of task, which includes equipment involved, tools used to
complete task, etc.
4.1.2.3. Location(s) of the fall hazard.
4.1.2.4. Number of employees exposed to fall hazard during task.
4.1.2.5. Description of fall hazard, including fall distance, potential for dropped or
falling objects, scenarios that may result in defenses to be altered or removed
and unsafe conditions, such as wind, lightning, or low lighting levels.

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4.1.2.6. All defenses designed to mitigate the fall hazard, such as safety railing,
training, and personal fall arrest systems. Fall prevention shall be considered
as primary mechanism of defense, ahead of fall protection.
4.1.3. A generic fall hazard risk assessment may be used for activities with a similar
exposure risk.
4.1.4. A fall hazard risk assessment may be embedded in a wider risk assessment.
4.1.5. All persons performing work at height shall be required to conduct a pre-job review
and review applicable risk assessments prior to initial performance of the task, and
on no less than a biennial basis thereafter.
4.1.6. If the fall hazard risk assessment is integrated into a permit-to-work or pre-job task
assessment, then all criteria in section 4.1.2 shall be met.
4.1.7. If the Organization materially modifies the task and risk assessment or if determines
there is evidence that there is a lack of understanding of the risk assessment, re-
training shall be conducted.
4.2. Design, Construction and Use of Equipment
4.2.1. Fall Prevention and Protection Equipment
4.2.1.1. All components of a fall prevention or fall protection system shall be
designed and constructed in accordance with a recognized consensus
standard (for example, ANSI, EN Standards) and applicable regulations.
Components of a system shall not be modified unless prior written
permission is received from the component manufacturer.
4.2.1.2. All anchor points used for fall arrest shall meet the definition of an
“approved anchorage” in Section 10. Exception: On a case-by-case basis, a
lower strength anchor point may be permitted where prior, written
approval has been received from both the relevant business EHS leader
and the relevant safety leader from OneEHS Regional Health & Safety
Team. Before approval can be sought, applying Organizations shall provide,
in writing:
4.2.1.2.1. Reason for requesting the exception,
4.2.1.2.2. Detailed explanation and calculations demonstrating safety of
the lower strength anchor,
4.2.1.2.3. Method to verify capacity of anchor point and document of
completion, and,
4.2.1.2.4. Qualifications of person(s) making the determination.
4.2.1.3. Use of anchor points by multiple users shall only take place where multiple
use has been evaluated and approved by a Competent Person.

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4.2.1.4. Crane hooks shall not be used as an anchorage point in a fall protection
system. When use of other means is infeasible or present greater hazards,
documented deviation approval shall be sought (see Section 5).
4.2.1.5. Access to areas identified as posing a risk of fall shall be clearly marked
prohibiting unauthorized access and preventing persons not connected
with the work from entering the area.
4.2.1.6. Connecting devices used for personal fall arrest shall be equipped with
deceleration devices that limit arresting forces on the body to less than
1,800lbs (815kg/8kN).
4.2.1.7. Connecting devices shall have double-locking hooks, which require 2
motions/actions to open.
4.2.1.8. Multiple connecting devices in series shall not be used unless specifically
permitted by component manufacturers.
4.2.1.9. Organizations shall only use full body harnesses which comply with
applicable regulations for personal fall arrest or fall restraint. Body belts
shall not be used for fall protection.
4.2.1.10. Personal fall arrest systems shall be selected by a Competent Person and
used to ensure adequate fall clearance distance is provided. Free fall shall
be limited to no more than 6 feet (1.8m). Fall clearance calculations shall
include, at minimum:
4.2.1.10.1. Free fall distance – shall be limited to no more than 6 feet (1.8m)
4.2.1.10.2. Deceleration distance – shall not exceed 3.5 feet (1.1m).
4.2.1.10.3. Height of user.
4.2.1.10.4. Safety factor – no less than 3 feet (0.9m), to allow for harness
stretch and other variables.
4.2.2. Work Platforms and Scaffolding
4.2.2.1. Work platforms shall be designed to support 2 times (2x) their maximum
intended load.
4.2.2.2. Floor openings shall be guarded with engineering controls as the preferred
approach. Alternatively, they shall be securely covered, with covers capable
of support 2 times (2x) the maximum intended load. Temporary covers shall
be marked to indicate the hazard.
4.2.2.3. Scaffolding shall only be erected by a qualified person and inspected by a
trained, competent person daily.
4.2.2.4. A tag shall be affixed to scaffolding to indicate it has been inspected and is
safe to use.

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4.2.2.5. Scaffolding that has been inspected and not confirmed as safe shall be
tagged to indicate out of service. Additional means to prevent access to
unsafe scaffolding shall be implemented.
4.2.3. Portable Ladders
4.2.3.1. Selection of portable ladders for a task shall be based on a risk assessment
that includes consideration of other potentially safer methods of working at
height. All ladders shall be used in accordance with manufacturer
requirements and local regulatory requirements.
4.2.3.2. Personal fall arrest systems are required when using portable ladders
where the fall protection Competent Person and the associated risk
assessment determine it to be necessary and can be safely utilized. Proper
anchor points, fall clearance distances, and other factors shall be evaluated
as part of that risk assessment.
4.2.4. Translucent Panels and Skylights
4.2.4.1. All translucent roof panels, skylights, or other fragile surfaces shall be
protected to prevent persons from falling through to a lower level.
Protective measures shall support a minimum 200lbs (91kg).
4.2.5. Self-propelled elevating work platforms
4.2.5.1. Personal fall protection systems shall be used by employees while
operating or utilizing equipment with both vertical and horizontal operation
(Boom-Supported Self-Propelled Elevating Work Platforms.) Personal fall
protection systems are not required when operating self-propelled
elevating work platforms with compliant guard rails that move vertically
only (for example, scissor lifts.)

4.3. Equipment Inspections

4.3.1. All GE facilities and operations shall establish a process to verify that all existing
equipment and tools are inspected, used, and maintained in accordance with
manufacturer requirements and recommendations.
4.3.2. Equipment and tools identified in risk assessments shall be inspected per
manufacturer requirements and recommendations and at the following minimum
frequencies:
4.3.2.1. Pre-Use – by authorized user.
4.3.2.2. Annually – by a Competent Person or another authorized person.
4.3.2.3. Other Manufacturer-specified inspections & tests – by Competent Person or
another authorized person.
4.3.3. Except for pre-use inspections, records of inspections & testing shall be kept to
document that all manufacturer-required & recommended inspections have been

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completed. Documentation shall include, at minimum, organization name or location,

date of inspection, means of identification (e.g. serial number, barcode tag, etc.) and
general description of equipment inspected, person(s) performing inspection.
4.3.4. Any equipment or tools that cannot be confirmed safe to use shall be removed from
service immediately and marked as unsafe to use. This includes missing identification
or inspection tags.
4.4. Rescue
4.4.1. Work at Height involving the use of personal fall arrest systems, or where risk of
suspension trauma is present, is not recommended in working alone situations.
Where such work is deemed necessary, rescue planning prior to work execution shall
address the criteria specified in Section 4.4, including the initial contact requirement
in Section 4.4.2.5.
4.4.1.1. Work coordination with a non-GE site owner or security can be used to
monitor the worker and avoid creating a work alone situation.
4.4.2. A documented rescue plan shall be developed for any employee who utilizes a
personal fall arrest system. At minimum, the rescue plan shall include:
4.4.2.1. Method of identifying an employee has fallen, or for the fallen employee to
initiate rescue response.
4.4.2.2. Emergency medical services contact information.
4.4.2.3. Potential self-rescue methods, conscious rescue, and unconscious rescue.
4.4.2.4. Method to be utilized to retrieve fallen employee(s). This may include the use
of a ladder, aerial work platforms, or other means to safely provide rescue.
4.4.2.5. Initial contact with a fallen employee shall occur within 6 minutes of the fall.
4.4.2.6. Additional defenses shall be considered to minimize effects of suspension
trauma, such as suspension trauma straps.
4.4.3. Work at height activities with similar hazards and methods of rescue may have a
consolidated rescue plan.
4.4.4. Rescue plans shall be reviewed annually, where the work materially changes, or if it is
determined there are deficiencies in the rescue plan.
4.4.5. Any person involved in a fall event shall be required to seek medical evaluation,
regardless of whether symptoms are observed or expressed.
4.4.6. A personal fall protection system or its components subjected to a fall or impact
loading shall be removed from service immediately and not used again until a
Competent Person inspects the system or components and determines that it is not
damaged and safe for use for employee personal fall protection. Component
manufacturer’s requirements shall be followed.

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4.4.7. Overhead cranes/hoists, powered industrial trucks, & similar equipment shall not be
used for retrieval of personnel.
4.4.8. Emergency response planning shall include work at height scenarios. If the
organization plans to perform rescue operations, annual training and an annual work
at height drill are required.
4.4.9. If sites/operations plan to use local emergency services to perform rescue of
suspended personnel, confirmation of consistent timely availability and capabilities
shall be documented.

5. CASE BY CASE DEVIATIONS

5.1. Any deviation from requirement(s) set out in this Technical Standard shall follow the process
established by the Business and/or Businesses may develop functionally equivalent
standards (and/or procedures) for executing programs addressing this topic. Alternatives
shall adequately address all GE expectations as defined, at a minimum, in the applicable
Core Requirement.
6. RECORDS
6.1. Retain records of work at height and fall protection training completion and competency
demonstrations for the duration of employment. Retain training materials and lesson plans
for five (5) years.
6.2. Retain records of work at height risk assessments, program reviews, audits, inspections, and
corrective actions for three (3) years.

7. RESPONSIBILITIES
7.1. Business EHS/OneEHS – Support operations with implementation of GE requirements.
7.2. Operational Leadership – Commit the resources necessary to develop and implement the GE
requirements.
7.3. GE Employees/Contractors/Visitors – Comply with the GE requirements.

8. COMMUNICATION AND TRAINING

8.1. Communication
8.1.1. Organizations shall communicate their work at height program annually to
authorized employees & competent persons and triennially to all other employees.
8.1.2. Organizations shall communicate program revisions to affected employees at the
time of the revision.
8.2. Training for Authorized Employees & Competent Persons

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8.2.1. If work responsibilities require work at height, training listed in Table 8-1 shall be
completed and demonstrate the competencies described in the table before
personnel are allowed to work as an Authorized Employee.
8.2.2. Personnel may complete the Fall Protection Authorized and/or Competent Person
training requirement by attending an external vendor’s training class if the vendor’s
training is approved by the organization EHS Manager, and it meets local
requirements.
8.2.3. Personnel shall complete additional training (or retraining) selected by the Competent
Person and demonstrate competency in the work practices if:
8.2.3.1. New technology, new types of equipment, new tasks, or changes in
procedures require different safety-related work practices, or
8.2.3.2. A supervisor or auditor observed inconsistent or incorrect activities using
required safety-related work practices.
8.3. Initially and at least triennially, all persons trained and authorized to use personal fall arrest
systems shall receive training on proper identification, inspection, use, and care of all fall
arrest devices that could be foreseeably used. See course numbers in Table 8-1 available to
meet this requirement. More frequent retraining may be necessary where it is found that
employee competency is not being maintained on a triennial frequency.
8.4. Initially and at least triennially, all persons trained and authorized to use personal fall arrest
systems shall demonstrate how to properly calculate fall clearance distances. This
demonstration shall utilize equipment the person uses or is expected to use while performing
work. Documentation is required.
8.5. Prior to initial use, authorized employees shall be trained on the proper inspection, use, and
care of employee-elevating equipment. Additional inspections may be required per
equipment manufacturer.
Table 8-1. Work at Height Employee Training Requirements.

Training Topic Frequency

Fall Protection Advanced Training: Fall Protection Advanced Required prior to wearing
GE-EHS-320-CLSRM, or Fall Protection Advanced (online) Personal Fall Protection Systems
GE-EHS-320, or EHS-approved training on equivalent content. (PFPS).
Fall Protection Advanced Refresher Training (GE-EHS-320R) Minimum triennially.
Fall Protection Competent Person (GE-EHS-CEP-70): Minimum triennially.
Pre-requisite: GE-EHS-320 – Fall Protection Advanced Training
Review of Applicable Risk Assessments Before initial completion of task,
annually, or upon change to task
or risk assessment.

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Employee Elevating Equipment Operator Training Before initial use of equipment,

triennially, and upon change in
equipment.
RECOMMENDED – Risk Assessment (GE-EHS-640) Recommended prior to
completing Risk Assessments.

Table 8-2. Awareness Training Requirements

Training Topic Frequency

Work at Height safety is embedded in each of the consolidated Minimum triennially. If taking one
EHS Awareness training courses listed below. Choose one of of the consolidated EHS
these courses based on your primary type of work or an Awareness training courses,
equivalent course provided by an external 3rd party. annual refresher training is
required due to training frequency
• Office: GE-EHS-260 requirements of other topics in
• Engineers with Industrial Exposure: GE-EHS-261 the consolidated course.
• Field Services: GE-EHS-262
• Manufacturing, test, and assembly: GE-EHS-264
9. EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT
9.1. Organizations shall review their work at height program, including all fall hazard risk
assessments, against this procedure and local applicable requirements at least annually,
document the review, and implement actions to correct any identified deficiencies.

10. REFERENCES
10.1. OSHA 29 CFR 1910 (General Industry) Subpart D – Walking Working Surfaces
10.2. OSHA 29 CFR 1926 (Construction) Subpart M – Fall Protection
10.3. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z359 – Fall Protection Code
10.4. EU Standards
10.4.1. EN 363 Personal fall protection equipment. Personal fall protection systems.
10.4.2. EN 365 Personal protective equipment against falls from a height. General
requirements for instructions for use, maintenance, periodic examination, repair,
marking and packaging.
11. DEFINITIONS

An authorized person is an individual assigned responsibilities and who has

Authorized Individual
received training in the use of fall protection systems to perform duties at a
for Fall Protection
location where that person may be exposed to a fall hazard.

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In no case shall an anchorage point be capable of supporting less than 3,400lbs

Approved Anchorage (1500kg/15kN). Local regulatory standards shall be followed (e.g. U.S. is 5000 lbs
or 2,268kg/22.2kN)

A GE Fall Protection Competent person is an individual designated by the

employer to be responsible for the supervision, implementation, and monitoring
Competent Person of the organization fall protection program who, through training, skills,
for Fall Protection experience and knowledge, can identify, evaluate and address existing and
potential fall hazards, and who has the employer’s authority to take action with
regard to such hazards.

Employee-elevating Includes any tool or equipment used to elevate employees. This includes ladders,
equipment mobile work platforms, scissor lifts, and aerial lifts.

Any operation, process, or task identified by members of the organization in

which a fall from an elevated height or to a lower height could result in an injury.
Fall hazards include, but are not limited to:
1. Mobile, elevated work platforms.
2. Employee-elevating equipment such as aerial lifts, scissor lifts,
articulating boom lifts, & forklift baskets.
3. Scaffolding.
Fall Hazard 4. Any work requiring personal fall arrest systems, fall restraint.
5. Ascending, descending, or performing work from portable or fixed
ladders.
6. Rooftop activities.
7. Activities over or above dangerous equipment or processes.
8. Activities where persons are exposed to wet, icy, or slippery conditions,
such as around chemical bath processes, plating processes, etc.
9. Other activities that expose a person to fall of greater than 4 feet (1.2m),
or 6 feet (1.8m) for construction activities.

A system or device which prevents a fall from occurring. This includes guard rails
Fall Prevention
and other passive systems.

A personal system or device which protects a person after a fall has occurred.
Fall Protection
This includes personal fall arrest and fall restraint systems.

A system consisting of full body harness, connecting device, and anchor point
Fall Restraint
that is designed to prevent a worker from reaching the fall hazard.

Functionally equivalent means the standard or procedure must meet or exceed

Functionally equivalent the risk reduction/risk management reflected in the corresponding Technical
Standard.

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Where local regulations do not exist, or are less stringent, railing that meets the
following requirements:
- Top rail – 42 inches, +/- 3 inches (1.07m, +/-0.08m)
- Mid-rail – 21 inches (0.53m) or approximate center of top rail and
Guardrail walking surface.
- Toe board – required where there is a hazard of falling objects to lower
level.
- Able to withstand a minimum 200lbs (91kg/890N) of concentrated force
at any point in all directions.

An opening in a floor or working surface measuring greater than 2 in (5cm) in its

Floor hole/opening
least dimension.

The total load (weight and force) of all employees, equipment, vehicles, tools,
Maximum Intended
materials, and other loads reasonably anticipated to be applied at any one time
Load
to a floor opening cover, working platform, etc..

The collection of equipment components that are configured to arrest a free fall.
Personal Fall Arrest
The system may include but not be limited to an anchor point, connection device
System (PFAS)
and a body harness used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level.

The collection of equipment components that are configured to arrest a free fall
Personal Fall Protection
OR prevent an employee from falling. The system includes Personal Fall Arrest
System (PFPS)
Systems AND fall restraint systems.

A qualified person is an individual with an extensive and recognized knowledge,

training, and experience in the fall protection and rescue field and who is
Qualified Person
capable of designing, analyzing, evaluating and specifying fall protection and
for Fall Protection
rescue systems. Examples would be a Professional Engineer (PE) or Registered
Professional Engineer.

Any temporary elevated platform and its supporting structure (including points
of anchorage), used for supporting employees or materials or both. This may
Scaffolding
include, but is not limited to, independently supported scaffolding, tower
scaffolding, or suspended scaffolding.

12. APPENDICES
12.1. APPENDIX A - CORE REQUIREMENT CR2010
12.2. APPENDIX B - OTHER (REMOVED, INTENTIONALLY OMITTED)
13. NON-CONTROLLED ANNEXES
13.1. Not used

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