IIT Foundation Olympiad Explorer Class 9 Physics

Integrated
Syllabus
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FOUNDATION & OLYMPIAD
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IIT Foundation & Olympiad Explorer - Physics Class - IX
UNIQUE ATTRACTIONS
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l l Numerical Problems CLASS - IX
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l Cross word Puzzles Conceptual Questions
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l Graded Exercise l Multiple Answer Questions
n Basic Practice l Paragraph Questions
Further Practice
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n Brain Nurtures CLASS

Solutions- IX
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CHEMISTRY
Detailed solutions
PHYSICS
for all problems
of IIT Foundation &
Olympiad Explorer
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PHYSICS
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CLASS - 9
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mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without
the prior written permission of the publisher.
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Publication Team
Editors: E.V.S.S.Lakshmi
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Design & Typing: V. Prasanna Kumari & M. Nagender

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ISBN: 978-93-80299-21-1
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Preface
Speed and accuracy play an important role in climbing the competitive ladder. Students
have to integrate the habit of being able to calculate and function quickly as well as efficiently
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in order to excel in the learning culture. They need to think on their feet, understand basic
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requirements, identify appropriate information sources and use that to their best advantage.
The preparation required for the tough competitive examinations is fundamentally different
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from that of qualifying ones like the board examinations. A student can emerge successful in
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a qualifying examination by merely scoring the minimum percentage of marks, whereas in a
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competitive examination, he has to score high and perform better than the others taking the
examination.
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This book provides all types of questions that a student would be required to tackle at the
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foundation level. The questions in the exercises are sequenced as Basic Practice, Further Practice,
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Multiple Answer Questions, Paragraph Questions, Numerical Problems, Conceptual Questions
and Brain Nurtures. Simple questions involving a direct application of the concepts are given
in Basic Practice. More challenging questions on direct application are given in Further Practice.
.
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Questions involving higher order thinking or an open-ended approach to problems are given
in Brain Nurtures. These questions encourage students to think analytically , to be creative

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and to come up with solutions of their own. Constant practice and familiarity with these
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questions will not only make him/her conceptually sound, but will also give the student the
confidence to face any entrance examination with ease.
Valuable suggestions as well as criticism from the teacher and student community are most
welcome and will be incorporated in the ensuing edition.
Publisher
CONTENTS
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` 1. Measurement ............................................. 01
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2. Motion in one Dimension .......................... 28
3. Newton’s Laws of Motion ........................... 59
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4. Work, Power & Energy ................................ 81
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5. Turning Forces & Equilibrium .................... 108
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6. Gravitation ................................................. 132

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7. Fluid Pressure ............................................. 157

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8. Heat ............................................................. 182
9. Wave Motion & Sound................................ 206

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10. Magnetism .................................................. 232

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Answers ....................................................... 259

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Answers to Crossword Puzzles ................... 275

IIT Foundation & Olympiad Explorer Physics / Class - IX
Chapter
1
5
Turning
Mathematical
Forces
Force and Induction
and Equilibrium
Pressure
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Common Misconception Fact
1. The centre of gravity of an object is always 1. The centre of gravity of some objects lies
situated within the object itself. outside the objects.
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An L–shaped piece of cardboard and a ring
have the centre of gravity outside the
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2. We cannot balance our body well if we 2. We cannot balance our body well on one
stand on one foot because we are not used foot because we are less stable – the centre
to this position. of gravity is raised and the base area is
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reduced.
3. If two equal and opposite forces are 3. If two equal and opposite forces are
exerted on a body then net force and net exerted on a body then net force can be
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torque acting on the body are zero. zero whereas net torque acting on the
body is non-zero as the body can be
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rotated.
SYNOPSIS
INTRODUCTION
.
When we pull a door from its outer edge, the door rotates. The whole door is turned or
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rotated about a fixed axis. So, the force, we apply has a turning effect.
This type of forces which involves turning effect are called turning forces.
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MOMENT OF FORCE (TORQUE)

Consider a door fixed at point O
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5. Turning forces and equilibrium

108 © Brain Mapping Academy
A force F is applied to push the door on application of force, the body rotates or turns
about the fixed point (O). This force is unable to displace the body in the direction of
force because the body is fixed at point O. Such type of force, is called moment of force
or Torque.
Definition
The force that rotates body without displacing it, is called moment of force.
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Moment of force is also called Torque which comes from the latin word meaning To
twist. It is denoted by a Greek letter τ (Tau)
Factors affecting the moment of force or turning effect
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The turning effect is greater if:
1. the force applied is away from the axis of rotation.
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2. the perpendicular distance of the force from the axis of rotation is greater.
3. a greater force would produce a greater turning effect.
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Mathematical expression
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From above it would be observed that moment of force is directly proportional to the
perpendicular distance and applied force.
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∴ moment of force ∝ perpendicular distance --------------- (1)
moment of force ∝ applied force ------------------------------ (2)
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By combining (1) and (2)

τ = K force × perpendicular distance
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where K is a constant, with unit value,

Thus,
τ = F × perpendicular distance = F d sin θ
.
moment of force = Force × perpendicular distance

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Mathematical definition of Torque

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The moment of a force (or torque) is equal to the product of the magnitude of the force
and the perpendicular distance of the line of action of the force, from the axis of rotation.
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Units
The SI unit of torque ( τ ) = Force × perpendicular distance
newton × metre = Nm
Similarly, the CGS unit is dynecm
1 Nm = 105 dyne × 102 cm
1 Nm = 107 dynecm
The moment of force is a vector quantity.

CLOCK WISE AND ANTICLOCK WISE MOMENT
If the turning effect on body is clockwise, then the moment of force is called the
clockwise moment, which is shown below.
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Here, the moment is taken as negative.
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If the turning effect on body is anticlockwise, then the moment of force is called the
anticlockwise moment, which is shown below.
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Here, the moment is taken as positive.
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Applications of moment of force
1. It is easier to open a door by applying the force at the free end.
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2. The hand flour grinder is provided with a handle near its rim.
3. A long spanner is used to loosen a tight nut.
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Parallel forces
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Forces which are not concurrent and act in opposite direction, and the line of action is
not same then such forces are called parallel forces.
F1 F1
.
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Unlike Like
parallel F2 parallel F2
forces forces
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Principle of moment
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The principle of moments states that for a body to be in rotational equilibrium, the sum
of clockwise torques about any point (which acts as a pivot) must equal to the sum of
anticlockwise torques about that same point.
Sum of clockwise torques = Sum of anticlockwise torques
Verification of principle of moments
Suspend the metre rule horizontally from its midpoint O, by means of a thread with its
other end connected to a fixed support. Now suspend some weights on both sides of the
midpoint and adjust their distances in such a way that the scale again becomes horizontal.

l1
l3 l2
C B A
O
W3 W2 W1
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1. Let the weights suspended on the right side of the mid point O be W1 and W2 at
distance OA = l1 and OB = l2 respectively.
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2. Let the weight suspended on the left side of the mid point O be W 3 at a distance
OC = l3
3. Total clockwise moment = W1 × l1 + W2 × l2
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4. Anticlockwise moment = W3 × l3
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5. It is found that W1 × l1 + W2 × l2 = W3 × l3
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Applications of principle of moment
1. To find the mass of an object.
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2. To find the mass of metre rule.
3. In simple machines.
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COUPLE
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Two equal and opposite parallel forces whose lines of action are not the same form a
couple.
P
.
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O
A B
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Q
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Arm of couple
Perpendicular distance between two equal and opposite parallel forces is called the arm
of couple.
MOMENT OF COUPLE
The product of one of the forces of the couple and arm of the couple is called moment of
couple, i.e. Moment of couple = F × d
∴ Moment of couple = Force × Arm of couple

Clockwise and Anticlock wise moment of a couple

If the couple has a tendency to rotate a body in clockwise direction as shown below.
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Then its moment is taken as negative.
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If the couple has a tendency to rotate a body in anticlockwise direction as shown below.
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+
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Then its moment is taken as positive.
Units of moments of couple
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a. In MKS or SI system : newtonmetre
b. In CGS system : dynecm
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CENTRE OF GRAVITY AND STABILITY

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The centre of gravity of an object is defined as the point through which its weight appears
to act for any orientation of the object.
The centre of gravity of an object depends on the distribution of its mass. For certain
objects like a ring, the centre of gravity may lie outside the object. Sometimes the term
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centre of mass is used to denote the word centre of gravity. Both of these will mean the
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same in a uniform gravitational field.
Effort (force) = F1
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F 1d 1 = w0 d 0
Sand
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d1
d0
Pivot
Weight of
sand (load) = W 0

The centres of gravity of some regular shaped objects
G G G
Disc Ring Cube
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G G
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G
Dumbell Cylinder Square with centre removed
Finding the centre of gravity of an irregular Lamina
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G Retort
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Plane lamina
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(a) front view (b) Side view

1. Three small holes are made near the edge of the lamina. The holes should be as far
apart as possible.
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2. The lamina is then suspended freely through one of the holes using a pin and a
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plumbline is drawn infront of the lamina.

3. The process is repeated with the other holes.
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4. The lines of intersection of all the plumblines give the centre of gravity of the lamina.
Stability of an object
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Stability refers to the ability of an object to regain its original position after it has been
tilted slightly.
The stability of an object can be better understood by placing a cone shaped object in
different positions as shown below and tilting or displacing it slightly.
In figure 1, when the object is tilted slightly, its centre of gravity rises and then falls
back again. This is an example of a stable equilibrium. The line of action of weight W of
the object lies inside the base area of the object. The applied clockwise moment while
tilting the object is counteracted by the anticlockwise moment about the point of contact
P of the object with the floor in the tilted position.

Moment
Centre of
gravity raised
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Point of
contact P
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(a) stable equilibrium
In figure 2, the object is placed upside down with the smaller area in contact with the
floor. If the object is tilted slightly, it will not return to its original position, but will
topple. The centre of gravity falls further. As the line of action of weight W of the object
m t.
likes outside the base area, the clockwise moment of W about the point of contact P,
causes the body to topple. This is an example of an unstable equilibrium.
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Centre of
gravity lowered
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Point of
contact P
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(b) unstable equilibrium

In figure 3, the object is placed horizontally with its side touching the ground. If the
object is rolled or displaced from the original position slightly, it will stay in the new
position. The centre of gravity neither rises nor falls but stays at the same level from
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the ground. The line of action of the reaction R at the point of contact with the ground
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and the line of action of weight W always coincide. hence, no moment is provided by the
weight W about the point of contact to turn the conical object. This is an example of a
neutral equilibrium.
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Centre of gravity
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at same height
(c) unstable equilibrium

The two important factors to increase the stability of an object are:
1. The centre of gravity should be as low as possible.
2. The area of the base should be as wide as possible.

These factors will ensure that the vertical line passing through the centre of gravity of
a body will always lie inside the base of the body when it is tilted or inclined.
Examples
a. Racing cars are designed with low centres of gravity and wide bases.
b. Flower vases, desk lamps, table and pedestal fans, water jugs and various ornamental
objects make use of the same principle.
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SOLVED EXAMPLES
Example 1:
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A uniform metre rule AB is supported at its centre of gravity by a knifeedge. A force of
4 N is applied at a point which is 20 cm from end A of the rule. Calculate the force which
must be applied to end B to restore the equilibrium of the rod.
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A B
n 20 cm
50 cm
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4N W
Solution:
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Let W be the force applied at end B to restore the equilibrium.
Taking moments about the pivot,
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The anticlockwise moment = 4 × 30 (due to 4 N force)

The clockwise moment = W × 50
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Equating the clockwise and anticlockwise moments

W × 50 = 4 × 30
4 × 30
W= = 2.4 N
50
.
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Example 2:
A uniform metre rule which has a mass of 75 g is suspended by a thread at the 75 cm
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mark and is balanced by a mass of weight W hanging from the 90 cm mark. Calculate
the value of W.
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Thread
50 cm 90 cm
0 cm 75 cm 100 cm
Weight of
the metre rule
W

Solution:
Since the metre rule is uniform, its centre of mass will be at the middle is 50 cm mark.
Mass of the rule = 75 g = 0.075 kg
Force due to this mass = 0.075 × 10 = 0.75 N, (g = 10 N kg1)
The clockwise moment due to 0.75 N force about the point of the suspension = the
anticlockwise moment of W around the same point.
∴ 0.75 × (75 50) = W × (90 75)
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0.75 × 25
∴W = = 1.25 N
15
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Example 3:
A uniform wooden plank AB of 5 m length is hinged at the end A and is supported by a
vertical rope at C, which is 3.5 m away from the hinge. The wooden plank has a mass of
m t.
100 kg. A painter of weight 900 N stands at the end of the plank at B. Calculate the force
F on the rope.
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F
Rope
900 N
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A C B
3.5 m
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5m
2.5 m
Weight of the
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plank = 1000 N
Solution:
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The total clockwise moment about the hinge = 1000 × 2.5 + 900 × 5
The total anticlockwise moment about the hinge = F × 3.5
Equating the moments F × 3.5 = 1000 × 2.5 + 900 × 5 = 7000
7000
.
∴F = = 2000 N
3.5
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Example 4:
A wheelbarrow carrying a load of 990 N is as shown in the figure below. What is the
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minimum force F required to lift up the end A of the wheelbarrow?

F
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0.5 m 0.6 m
C.G A
990 N

25 N
Hinge
A B
120 cm
50 cm
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W
15 N
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Solution:
The total anticlockwise moment (about the hinge) = 15 × 60 + W × (120 50)
The total clockwise moment = 25 × 120
m t.
Equating the moments = 15 × 60 + W × 70 = 25 × 120
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∴ 70 W = 3000 900 = 2100
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2100
W= = 30 N
70
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30
The mass of object = = 3 kg (g = 10 N kg1)
10
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Example 7:
A man holds a pole of 6.0 ft. horizontally with both hands, one hand at the end, and the
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other hand at 1.0 ft. from the same end. He just caught a 3 lb fish. The pole weighs 2.0
lb and its weight can be considered to be concentrated 2.0 ft. from the end near the
mans hand. What is the force exerted by each hand?
Solution:
.
Man uses equal forces by his two hands on the pole. To find the forces used by the
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man, we have to find clock wise moment and anticlock wise moment.
Clock wise moment produced by two hands about, the balancing point
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= F × 2 + F × 1 = 3F × ft .....(1)
Anti clock wise moment produced by the fish of 3 lb weight about Balanced point
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= 3 × 4 ft = 12 lb × ft .....(2)
In the balancing condition, eq. (1) is equal to eq. (2),
3 F × ft = 12 lb × ft ⇒ 3F = 12 lb
12 lb
F= = 4 lb
3

CONCEPT MAP
TURNING FORCES AND EQUILIBRIUM
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A pplications: 1. O pening of a door. Factors affecting:
2. S ee-saw 1. The m agnitude of the force
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3. A spanner. perpendicular distance of the line
action of the force.
2. The m agnitude of the force
perpendicular distance of the line
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Mom ent of Force Torque): The force that action of the force.
rotates body witho ut displacing it.
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τ = F × perpendicular distance
Principles of Mom ents: If the algebraic
sum of m om ents of all the forces acting on
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U nits : S I: N-m the body is zero, the bod y is in rotationa l
C G S : dyne-cm equilibrium .
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C ouple is a set of tw o equal, parallel and

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opposite fo rces.
Force on S ince, the forces are opposite and equal in
RIGID BODY
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R igid bodies m a gnitude, the net resultant force is zero.

Therefore, it can produce no m otion in body,
along straight line direction
A body, w hich does not get defo rm ed under

the action of a force.
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Mom ent of Couple: The m om ent of a

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couple is equal to the product of either

fo rce s a n d th e p e rpe n d icu la r
A Force ‘F’ acts on it at point called point of distance, betw een the line of action of
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action of force. both forces.

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A n im aginary line pa ssing through the point

of action of force, in the direction of force is
called line of action of force.

Summative Exercise
SECTION – A
BASIC PRACTICE
FILL IN THE BLANKS
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1. ___________ is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis.
2. SI unit of moment of couple is ___________.
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3. The resultant of two like parallel forces 12 N and 7 N is ___________ N.
4. The point through which the total weight appears to act for any orientation of the object
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is ___________.
5. The centre of gravity of a regular shaped objects is at their ___________.
6.
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Ratio of SI unit of torque to its CGS unit is ___________.
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7. The coordinates of edges of a square are O(0, 0), A(0, 4), B(4, 4), C(4, 0) respectively, the
centre of gravity of square is at coordinates ___________.
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8. CG of a triangular lamina is at its ___________.
9. Two rigid objects A, B of same dimensions are applied with forces in the ratio 4 : 9
respectively. If the perpendicular distance of the force from the axis of rotation of two
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objects is same then turning force is greater in ___________.

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10. In a stable equilibrium, the line of action of weight of the object less ___________ the
base area of the object.
TRUE OR FALSE
11. The centre of gravity depends on the acceleration due to gravity at the given place.
.
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12. The increase in base area leads to decrease in stability of an object.

13. The spanner with a longer handle can tighten nuts and bolts with less effort.
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14. At rotational equilibrium, sum of clockwise moments equals to sum of anticlockwise

moments.
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15. A couple produces motion in a straight line.

16. Self balancing toys have curved and heavy base area.
17. A cone resting on its side is an example for neutral equilibrium.
18. The position of centre of gravity of the pot before filling it with water will be at its base.
19. A couple can never be replaced by a single force.
20. To produce pure rotation moment of force need to be applied.

MATCH THE FOLLOWING

21. Column A Column B
A. Torque p. Wide base area
B. Couple q. Opening a door
C. CG of circle r. Opening a tap
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D. CG of triangle s. Intersection of medians
E. Stability t. Intersection of diameters
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FURTHER PRACTICE
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
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1. A uniform heavy rod is resting on support A and support B as shown.
n Uniform rod
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Support A Support B
Which of the following shows the correct forces acting on the rod?
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(A) (B)
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(C) (D)
2. A uniform heavy rod is being kept in equilibrium by support A and a spring balance as
shown.
.
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spring balance
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support A
Which of the following shows the correct forces acting on the rod?
(A) (B)
(C) (D)

12. A 1 m long uniform beam of 2 kg mass is being lifted vertically up by a force F at the
100 cm mark. What is the minimum force to do so?
F
0 cm 100 cm
(A) 1 N (B) 2 N (C) 10 N (D) 20 N
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13. A uniform beam of 2 m is being fixed to a wall and loaded by the forces shown below.
Given that the beam is at equilibrium, calculate force F.
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4N
2m 3N
m t.
1m
n
(A) 2 N (B) 4 N (C) 7 N
F
(D) 8 N
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14. A 1 m long uniform beam is being balanced as shown below. Calculate force G.
G
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0 cm 50 cm 90 cm
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3N 30 cm
(F bm
6N F
(A) 3.0 N (B) 4.5 N (C) 5.0 N (D) 6.0 N
15. A 1 m long uniform beam is being balanced as shown. Calculate the force F.
.
10 cm 60 cm 80 cm
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50 cm
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5N F 3N
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(A) 2 N (B) 3 N (C) 7 N (D) 11 N
MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following sports uses the turning effect of forces?

(A) Cycling (B) Swimming (C) Badminton (D) Hockey
2. Which of the following playground equipment make use of the turning effect of forces?
(A) See-saw (B) Slide (C) Swing (D) Toy horse

3. Which of the following objects is/are in equilibrium?

(A) A sleeping cat (B) A flask resting on a table
(C) A rocking see-saw (D) Winding a clock
4. In the following identify the applications of torque:
(A) opening the lid of cool drink bottle. (B) opening the lid of a tin.
(C) opening the door. (D) opening the screw cap of a bottle.
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5. Which of the following is/are the properties of moment of a couple?
(A) It tends to produce pure rotation.
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(B) It is different about any point in the plane of lines of action of the forces.
(C) It can be replaced by any other couple of the same moment.
(D) The resultant of set of two or more couples is equal to the sum of the moments of
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the individual couples.
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ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
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The questions given below consists of an Assertion and a Reason. Use the following key
to choose the appropriate answer.
(A) If both assertion and reason are CORRECT and reason is the CORRECT explanation
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of the assertion.
(B) If both assertion and reason are CORRECT, but reason is NOT THE CORRECT
explanation of the assertion.
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(C) If assertion is CORRECT, but reason is INCORRECT.

(F bm
(D)If assertion is INCORRECT, but reason is CORRECT.

(E) If both assertion and reason are INCORRECT.
1. Assertion: The centre of mass of a body may lie where there is no mass.
Reason: Centre of mass of a body is a point, where the whole mass of the body is
.
supposed to be concentrated.
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2. Assertion: The position of centre of mass of a body does not depend upon shape and
size of the body.
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Reason: Centre of mass of a body lies always at the centre of the body.
3. Assertion: It is harder to open and shut the door if we apply force near the hinge.
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Reason: Torque is maximum at hinge of the door.

4. Assertion: A sphere cannot roll on a smooth inclined surface.
Reason: For a smooth inclined surface force of friction is equal to zero.
5. Assertion: To unscrew a rusted nut, we need a wrench with longer arm.
Reason: Wrench with longer arm reduces the torque of the arm.
6. Assertion: The centre of mass of uniform triangular lamina is centroid.
Reason: Centroid is centre of symmetry of mass of the triangular lamina.

PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS
Passage - I
I. Three identical blocks of length L are stacked together as shown. The blocks 2 and 3 are
slided towards the right.
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L
Block 3 Y
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Block 2 Z
X Block 1
(i) Find the maximum horizontal distance between side X of block one and side Y of
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block three before any of the block topples?
(A) 1.5 L (B) 1.75 L (C) 2.25 L (D) 1.25 L
(ii) nFind the maximum horizontal distance between side X of block one and side Z of
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block two before any of the block topples?
(A) 1.4 L (B) 1.75 L (C) 1.25 L (D) 2.3 L
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SECTION – B
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
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1. A force of 8 dyne with moment arm 125 cm long, rotates a body in clockwise direction.
(F bm
Find its torque.
2. A force of 1875 dyne acts on a rigid body, such that perpendicular distance between
fulcrum and point of application of force is 20 cm. Calculate moment of force.
.
3. Calculate the force that produces a moment of force of 2100 dyne-cm, when the
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perpendicular distance between point of application of force and turning point is 60 cm.
4. The moment of force of 8 N about a point P is 4 N m. Calculate the distance of point of
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application of the force from the point P.
5. A uniform rule is pivoted at its mid point. A weight of 50 gf is suspended at one end of it.
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Where should a weight of 100 gf be suspended, to keep the rule horizontal?
6. The diagram below shows a lever of uniform mass, supported at the middle point. Four
coins of equal masses are placed at mark 4 on the left hand side. Where should be the
5 coins of same mass, as that of previous coins should be located?
Four Coins
∆
5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

7. Calculate the force required to lift a load of 60 N, placed at a distance of 3 m, from the
fulcrum. The effort force is applied at a distance of 6 cm from the fulcrum.
8. Where should be the uniform rod of length 10 m and weight 100 N is balanced with a
weight of 100 N at extreme point?
9. A uniform metre scale has two weights of 10 gf and 8 gf suspended at the 10 cm and
80 cm marks respectively. If the metre scale itself weights 50 gf, find where must the
e) m
weight be, so that the metre scale stays balanced?
F3 = ?
x
pl co
5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
m t.
10 gf 50 gf 80 gf
10. A force of 1600 dyne acts on a rigid body, such that the perpendicular distance between
11. n
force and turning point is 40 cm. Calculate the moment of force.
A force of 525 N, produces a moment of force of 420 N-m. Calculate the shortest distance
Sa le
between the point of application of force and the turning point.
12. Two persons A and B carry a load of 1000 kg by hanging it on a pole, supported on their
e ta
shoulders. If A can exert a force 4 times as much as B and the pole is 2.5 m long, where
should the load be suspended?
re a
CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS
(F bm
1. The diagram below shows a heavy roller with its axle at O, which is to be pulled on a
pavement XY, by applying a minimum possible force. Draw the diagram, showing the
direction in which the force should be applied.
.
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O
X Y
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2. The iron door of a building is x m broad. It can be opened by applying a F 1 N force at the
middle of the door. Calculate the least force which can open the door. Where should this
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force be applied?
3. Which produces a greater moment, a force of 10 N with a lever arm of 3 m or a force of
8 N with a lever arm of 4 m?
4. A mechanic can open a nut by applying F N force, while using a lever handle of h cm
length. What should be the length of the handle required if he wants to open it, by
applying a force of only (2F/3) N?
5. The wheel shown in the diagram, has a fixed axle passing through O. The wheel is kept
stationary under the action of

(i) A horizontal force F1 at A and

(ii) A vertical force F2 at B. Show the direction of F2 in the diagram. Which is the greater
force? Find the ratio between the forces. Given: AO = x cm, BO' = 2x cm and
O'O = 3x cm.
F2 A
F1
B
e) m
1
O O
pl co
6. Suppose the resulting torque on a body is (i) zero (ii) not zero. What is the effect of the
acting torques on the body in the two cases?
SECTION – C
m t.
PREVIOUS CONTEST QUESTIONS
1.
n
The unit of torque is:
Sa le
(A) N m1 (B) N m (C) N m2 (D) N m2
2. If F is force and r is radius, then torque is:
e ta
(A) r × F (B) r.F (C) r F (D) r/F
3. A bicycle tyre in motion has:

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(A) linear motion only (B) rotatory motion only

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(C) linear and rotatory motion (D) vibratory motion only

4. A uniform metre scale balances horizontally on a knife edge placed at 55 cm mark.
When a mass of 25 g is supported from one end, then the mass of the scale is:
(A) 200 g (B) 225 g (C) 350 g (D) 275 g
.
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5. The principle involved in the construction of beam balance is:

(A) principle of moments (B) principle of inertia
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(C) principle of superposition (D) principle of velocity

6. A couple always tends to produce:
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(A) linear motion (B) rotatory motion

(C) both linear and rotatory motion (D) vibratory motion

BRAIN NURTURES
1. A wheel of diameter 2 m is shown with axle at O. A force F = 2 N is applied at B in the
direction as shown in figure.
Calculate the moment of force about (i) centre O, and (ii) point A.
F = 2N B
e) m
O
pl co
A
2. F1 , F2 and F3 are three forces as shown. The point O is in the same plane. F1 = 4 N,
F2 = 4 N and F3 = 6 N.
m t.
F1
n F2 3m1
Sa le
1m O F3
1m
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(i) Which force has the least moment about O?

(ii) Which force has the greatest moment about O?
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(iii) Which force has positive moment?

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(iv) Which force has negative moment?
3. The following diagram shows two parallel, opposite and coplanar forces F1 and F2 , each
of magnitude 5 N, with their lines of action separated by a distance of 2 m. A point X lies
midway between F1 and F2, while a point Y lies on F2. Calculate the total moment of
.
these forces about (i) X, and (ii) Y. State the effect produced by the forces about the
w
point X.
Y
w
F2 = 5N
2m X
w
F1 = 5 N
4. A uniform metre scale is balanced at 40 cm mark, when weighs of 25 gf and 10 gf are

suspended at 5 cm mark and 75 cm mark respectively. Calculate weight of metre scale.
5. AB is a metre scale, with forces action as shown. Its mass of 100 g. Calculate the algebraic
sum of their moments about A.
6. A metre rule is pivoted at its mind point A. 0.6 N weight is suspended from one end. How
far from the other end must at 1.00 N weight be suspended for the rule to balance?

CROSSWORD PUZZLE
1 2
e) m
3
pl co
4
m t.n 6
Sa le
e ta
7
re a
(F bm.
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ACROSS DOWN
1 Two equal, parallel, unlike forces whose line of ac- 1 The moment that is taken as negative
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tion is not same

2 Sum of clockwise moments is equal to sum of
4 Racing cars are built with low CG and wide base anticlockwise moments when the body is in rota-
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6 The ability of an object to regain its original tional

position after it has been disturbed 3 The turning effect is greater if the perpendicular
distance of the force from the axis of rotation is
7 The force that rotates a body without displacing it
5 The centre of gravity of an object depends on the
distribution of its

Integrated
Syllabus
e) m
pl co
IIT Foundation & Olympiad Explorer - Physics Class - IX

UNIQUE ATTRACTIONS
m t.
l l Numerical Problems CLASS - IX
n
l Cross word Puzzles Conceptual Questions
Sa le
l Graded Exercise
n Basic Practice
l
l
Multiple Answer Questions
Paragraph Questions
e ta
n Further Practice
n Brain Nurtures CLASS
Solutions- IX
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(F bm
` 75
CHEMISTRY
Detailed solutions
PHYSICS
for all problems
of IIT Foundation &
.
Olympiad Explorer
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are available in this book
` 200
w
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Integrated

n Brain Nurtures CLASS

India’s FIRST scientifically designed portal

Brain Mapping Academy

Design & Typing: V. Prasanna Kumari & M. Nagender

Every care has been taken by the compilers and

other error which might have crept in inadvertently, ddd

In case of any dispute, all matters are subject to the exclusive

Multiple Answer Questions, Paragraph Questions, Numerical Problems, Conceptual Questions

in Brain Nurtures. These questions encourage students to think analytically , to be creative

confidence to face any entrance examination with ease.

welcome and will be incorporated in the ensuing edition.

3. Newton’s Laws of Motion ........................... 59

6. Gravitation ................................................. 132

7. Fluid Pressure ............................................. 157

8. Heat ............................................................. 182

9. Wave Motion & Sound................................ 206

10. Magnetism .................................................. 232

Answers ....................................................... 259

Answers to Crossword Puzzles ................... 275

MOMENT OF FORCE (TORQUE)

5. Turning forces and equilibrium

By combining (1) and (2)

where K is a constant, with unit value,

moment of force = Force × perpendicular distance

Mathematical definition of Torque

5. Turning forces and equilibrium

CLOCK WISE AND ANTICLOCK WISE MOMENT

5. Turning forces and equilibrium

5. Turning forces and equilibrium

Clockwise and Anticlock wise moment of a couple

CENTRE OF GRAVITY AND STABILITY

same in a uniform gravitational field.

5. Turning forces and equilibrium

The centres of gravity of some regular shaped objects

Disc Ring Cube

m t.n Plumb line

(a) front view (b) Side view

plumbline is drawn infront of the lamina.

5. Turning forces and equilibrium

(b) unstable equilibrium

(c) unstable equilibrium

5. Turning forces and equilibrium

The anticlockwise moment = 4 × 30 (due to 4 N force)

Equating the clockwise and anticlockwise moments

5. Turning forces and equilibrium

minimum force F required to lift up the end A of the wheelbarrow?

5. Turning forces and equilibrium

5. Turning forces and equilibrium

TURNING FORCES AND EQUILIBRIUM

C ouple is a set of tw o equal, parallel and

R igid bodies m a gnitude, the net resultant force is zero.

A body, w hich does not get defo rm ed under

Mom ent of Couple: The m om ent of a

couple is equal to the product of either

action of force. both forces.

A n im aginary line pa ssing through the point

5. Turning forces and equilibrium

FILL IN THE BLANKS

objects is same then turning force is greater in ___________.

12. The increase in base area leads to decrease in stability of an object.

14. At rotational equilibrium, sum of clockwise moments equals to sum of anticlockwise

15. A couple produces motion in a straight line.

5. Turning forces and equilibrium

where K is a constant, with unit value,

14. At rotational equilibrium, sum of clockwise moments equals to sum of anticlockwise

(i) Which force has the least moment about O?