_ Hahn-Banach Theorem Lemma; | | | Lek M bE Q \jnear SUbS Pace | | OF A HorMed ITheay SPACE N and etd be A Funceinal Aesined onn. / TSE xp is A VECkor IAM Ahad iF| eet . Me mr C223 - \S Khe Vineay SUCSPacES PaAMneA | by M and Xe chen F canbe Vxttehdbed | ho A FARCHIOCNAl Fo aon Me Such Khor | WS ol= UF. \4:0'23| POOF: ' j Thursday) Assume Bhat N IS a eA) Named i space. Without joss OF Qenerali cy Cee, WFi=) | Since XoE€Ms each VECtoY Y Em, IS UWiqunely SxP7TeESSeA AS S= 204+ SKo Where xem Now, SotVd= Fo (x4+H L0) S$oc3y)d = Fo (H) + AFoCHAI = F200 FAX Vos Where, Vo= Fo Cx) VoxreendesS F |sneasly on Me For enerTy Choice oF Khe Veal humaer Wo! The Ve tan be So ChoSen chat \FSo Cx ta Xd SU x-aArxmoell WV xem, vaso | Sinces So Cr+ Ax) =F C2034 Vo ThiS INEWaIKY Cah Ge WrILESH AS Moet Cel) S FCXI+AVO ES NW KH HK REI) — FO%) Nac tt Kol) ek Vo SAFC H+ Neel) | AF ORS ESS. Lanois | 5 = S Vo S— Fl) +4) x 40 201) [ x |25.0)-23 i ic cae deed 20 Now, foxy Any kwo VeCLoTS my & a2 iA mM welve FCxey- Flr) = FC %a- 20d S [5 (202-20)) WHI Ub 22-205 1) UW r%e-2ey)) Co WF =n) iN ih Ih I\oce4+ %o- Xo—>01N) IN N22 4 Xo- (21 4 %9)1) $C xe) F024) S Ne oN Wy) + Hol] | > | —F Cr) — Waeyreols ~F CK) + W224) =2@ Define Lwo VEAL hambers A and & Wor lie VEO UAH bt } bs Nabi) < Vatig Ue A= sup ¢-Foxd- \yoc+ aol): WE m3 be jn$ €-F on) + troll? 2Le M3 -@2D ASb Now, weaes0 Choose Yo Such that 3).01-23 AS Voeb Then £he iInewality @ is sotisgied auecoy Now, we wil) Prove the lemma For |the case ih which N is complex Lee Flsc) = 9Ca) +IW(2) | Where 962%) ANA HEX) ave Hyeal and IMAIJINATY PAES OF FLO. YxrEMcleatly, 3 And h Are Yea) valned functionals on ™- § since, NFN=) ligtte) wilet Flin) = iFcre > @ Now> FCS Yin) +n Cix) —=@ =9Cix)- hix > Sub @ & S&S in® , weset 9 Cie + IN Cim) =i 9C%x)-hOD) eVrakINg Yer! & jmaginary Parks 9Cix) = —hCx) hexe-9 Cix) FCx= gloe)+ihex) = 92-19 Ci) BY Khe veal Case 9 can be extehded xe A Functional 95 such xhat Ng = gen Now we define Fol)= Yotx) —i Box) Cjeasly, So isan extension OF $ on Mo- AYSo, j SoCx4+3)= FolxI+Fot3) So (AW) =X Fo (0) Fo Cix) = ife C20) Fo is WA ViMeA FUNCtIonA) ON Mo.a ee FIAWS: S91 =) we PI A Shor) Prove if Wis A veckor 08 ; Which [Jcll=) chen lfo00) 2) = Ss x. ‘ is + Folx) is Teal,khen Khis ows FxEM FoCx) =90lW Ci/9ole1D Lek, Foca) is complex | Ther, FolX= ve! v= Folx) @ 8 18 Now, [Foc20)= ¥ ='gg caper ie =o ce? x) Buk» yy oS ge = Hoel =! and fo Cee ris yea): \Fo (20>) 4) This proves ich nach Theorem e Jemma: Hahn - BS A) | scacemenk- Lek M ber Hrear SHbSPACe linens SPace N ahd Jet | oF a permed auinceional oF m. Then F canbe defined F bem ¥ extended &o % Zzunceiohe! Fo onche whele space N Such shove Wgoll= NEN) —foProos; The Set oF AN) RxrkeNsions oF FeO FUWCEIOMAIS 9 WILK the same norm ON SUbsPpaces Which conkain MIS CIRATIY W Pareialy ordered See (pesek) W.7: ko 1) 910%) & B2C>¢) Means Char the demain of 9, IS ContEAINAA IN Khe demain oF 92° 232090 = 930) VX THkh| Aomain OF X: khe Union OF Any Chai of PXKENSIONS JS AlSo AW LorkenSion And is Lhevesove AN APPLY bound For fhe Chain BY zornh's Jemma 40 rastimal extension Fo: Clearly, che Aomain OF fo 'S khe Whele SPace N) For ox ON9In IS AW ihkeriey Point oF T CS2ne) > T(Sene) = thet(S) = rmeT ls) > ovidin IS Also AW imrerioy | Point of TCs) So, Se < TLS) For Some +VR He &- WE Conclude che Proof by Showihg Se ¢ TLsa) hes Se), TO51) o30xz Lek yes! suchthat YNCe Friday since. ye TESD, chen ta Neckoy x ER Such that Wel and Nyc Ef »where Bs =TO) Since Sle ST (S¥2)i Fo N&eCkot %2 iA B® Such Khak WotzNe V2 and | N@-YD_ yell c &y Where ye= Tht2) Cohkinuing GhiS way, We Jee Vahl A SEYARhER Exh} such hae [HN <2" OHA NWY- Cadets FYI slimgyryerst 7 = >yeTcss This Proves Khe JeMMa | open morrind Theevem st atemen*> TF Band pl are Banach SPACR | AHA IF oT TSO Cont invours linens | Lerans format! on of B Onto Bikhen TiS an corer maPPind Proofs | Let OQ pe an open Set in B- welve Lo prove Tum) iS oPen ih B) Lex yeTCA)LTE IS RHoush ko Produce ar OFeH SPheve Cehtered ALY and contained in TCH). Lek LEA Suchkhak Tlo=y Buk Gis open. There ercistS an OPen SPhere cehkeved Of x Which Can be written AS X4+Sy Contained inG By Previous Jemma, TCSY) Conkaing some SY Jn TCH). Te iS cleay that Ytsy IA AN OPEH SPHe*e Cenkeved On Yy Which js contained in TUM). Sin Ce, eli sy! in Y+ TCSY) TCX) + T CS) TC U+Sy) TCa) < Tis An OF eH MAFPINS. Hence che khesrem.500: 300323) Gelfornd- Nevmaric +heovern Thos 8y) D sememens? TSANS O cornmuk at) Ve ce A)SeLra Khem khe Helsond 7 aprihg 22> Sse! . oR / jsoMekyrIG = iSomosmPhismM oF AOhto ‘kho 7 comma arive | BF algeer a (ae) | pooos: | Aven Lhok AIS w Commukos ive BF - argebrn: BVO _ every ziement 2EA Ys perma), Sie by a kheovem Weve NxN=NED™ By akheorem jf AIS S15 -ads dint A tyotly* yen chen Pe ecm) and iF rll = ts ah isermerfhi sy oF A onk? tap Now? OS % Ayer ee PIND Fem vera ord MEM PTNE yrst We wit) A he khe om) Fr eeie- Sh 4g weds fot ers MY iS VU) he Tonk TAT. we assume Ye Fan m suck tehar Aum) is comple Fc ee F-adjoink since ois Se! Y- 2A is a180 selg-adjoiht | , = ise, Scmy =i y-in ema = Gin t mend is. % main or. {denl ee Cy iey® = y4iae mtawel ve 9 UM*) 2-5 CM ead OM) si ai Ore) VC 1S & Pasi Give huamber- /~ . Cyrilkao =) Ci+led sk. Fonsws thor , es Jaleo Ee Wy-siee NW ES NS- eB 20 a. simijaris, tle € hy +e) no] x O28 cine” 28, 7 ile AWS pica) e\y+ Fae vga) = py -ieangsesean © yyrtie) jy2t rie” 0 jn2e S WM > | jeis areikrovd kis iS \mpas sible: » A om) JS weal | REO Te pnd eames oe) H* um raoce Ps 4 * Tk is ear se) Y= eH z * te Re ——— as are Suls- adih® ahd moeytiz by B£PR PENS rvesuls C~*® ae * OM) = (yim) om) | = fom) 10M )= Jem 180%) 7. | = 3 ¢cm)+iz cM) cubic a moet tpal.= RUM) This Provesthe Lhoovem 20204 Phin wen nt