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Evangelia University

The Gospel Paul Teaches and Preaches

A Paper

Present in Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Course

NT622E Acts and Pauline Epistle

By

Khu Hsal Takhe

Student ID:20221282

Master of Divinity

May 26, 2023

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1) Introduction

In his epistles, the apostle Paul teaches and preaches the gospel, which is composed of

Christological, Redemptive-Historical, Soteriological, Eschatological, and Ecclesiological elements.

Paul makes clear the significance of Christ's life, death, and resurrection as well as how these events

affect salvation, justification, sanctification, the Kingdom of God, and the believers' hope for the future

through his epistles. Paul's vision of the gospel is fundamentally influenced by the Holy Spirit, who

transforms believers into new creations and gives them power. With a focus on his epistolary works,

this study aims to examine the main ideas of the gospel Paul delivers.

2) An Outline of the Gospel Paul Presents in His Epistles

I. The Historical Context of Salvation (Historia Salutis)

- The Fall and Sin's Consequences (Romans 5:12)

- God's Covenant with Israel (Romans 9:4; Galatians 3:16)

- The Law and Its Purpose (Romans 3:20; Galatians 3:24)

II. The Ordo Salutis (Order of Salvation)

A. Justification by Faith

- Definition and Basis of Justification (Romans 3:21-26; Galatians 2:16)

- Faith as the Instrument of Justification (Romans 4:3; Galatians 2:16)

- Imputed Righteousness (Romans 4:22-25; 2 Corinthians 5:21)

B. Sanctification and the Work of the Holy Spirit

- Transformation through the Holy Spirit (Romans 8:9-11; 2 Corinthians 3:18)

- Crucifying the Flesh and Living by the Spirit (Galatians 5:16-25)

- Producing the Fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23)

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C. Adoption and Sonship

- Receiving the Spirit of Adoption (Romans 8:14-17; Galatians 4:4-7)

- Co-heirs with Christ (Romans 8:17)

D. Union with Christ

- Baptism into Christ (Romans 6:3-5; Galatians 3:27)

- Participation in Christ's Death and Resurrection (Romans 6:6-11; 1 Corinthians 15:22)

- Sharing in Christ's sufferings and glory (Romans 8:17; Philippians 3:10-11)

IV. The Kingdom of God and the Lordship of Christ

- The Kingdom of God as Already and Not Yet (Romans 14:17; 1 Corinthians 15:50)

- Christ's Lordship over All (Romans 10:9; Philippians 2:9-11)

V. The Hope of Resurrection and Eternal Life

- Resurrection of the Dead (1 Corinthians 15:20-23, 42-44)

- The Inheritance of Eternal Life (Romans 6:23; Galatians 6:8)

VI. New Creation and Restoration

- Renewal of All Things (Romans 8:18-25; 2 Corinthians 5:17)

- The Groaning Creation and the Redemption of Our Bodies (Romans 8:19-23)

VII. The Role of the Holy Spirit

- Empowerment for Living and Witnessing (Romans 8:26-27; 1 Corinthians 2:4-5)

- Guidance and Spiritual Gifts (1 Corinthians 12:4-11; Galatians 5:25)

VIII. The Already but Not Yet Realities

- Already Justified, but Awaiting Final Judgment (Romans 5:1; 2 Corinthians 5:10)

- Already Saved, but Awaiting Full Redemption (Romans 8:24; Ephesians 1:13-14)
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3) Theological Reflections on the Gospel

a) Christological Aspect

Christian theology is centered on the Gospel, or the Good News of Jesus Christ. It

declares the person of Jesus and his life, teachings, death, and resurrection, and it has

significant theological ramifications, particularly in terms of its Christological components.

According to the Gospel, Jesus, the Son of God, fully assumed human form, took on flesh, and

lived among us. The Incarnation, which confirms the equality of God and mankind in the

person of Jesus, is a crucial moment in the history of salvation. It shows the depth of God's

compassion for people and the divine desire to mend and reestablish the shattered bond

between God and humanity.

The Gospel portrays Jesus as the unique Son of God, sharing an eternal and intimate

relationship with the Father. It reveals Jesus' divinity, emphasizing that he is not merely a

human prophet or moral teacher, but the very Son of God, equal in substance and essence with

the Father. This understanding of Jesus' divine nature underscores his authority, power, and

ability to bring salvation to humanity. The Gospel presents Jesus as the Savior and Redeemer

of the world. Through his sacrificial death on the cross, Jesus atoned for the sins of humanity,

offering forgiveness, reconciliation, and liberation from the bondage of sin and death. His

resurrection affirms his victory over sin and death, providing hope and eternal life to all who

believe in him.1

The Gospel portrays Jesus as the Mediator between God and humanity. As the High

Priest, he bridges the gap between the divine and the human, interceding on behalf of humanity

1
Wayne Grudem, Systematic Theology, An Introduction to Bible Doctrine, (Chicago: Zondervan, 1994)
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and offering a perfect sacrifice for sin. Jesus' role as the Mediator enables believers to have

direct access to God, establishing a new covenant and offering a reconciled relationship with

the Creator. The Gospel centers on the proclamation of the Kingdom of God, which Jesus

inaugurated through his ministry.

b) Redemptive-Historical Aspects

The concept of redemptive history is an essential aspect of theological understanding,

exploring the unfolding of God's plan of redemption throughout human history. It encompasses

the overarching narrative of creation, fall, redemption, and consummation, highlighting God's

continuous work of restoration and reconciliation. This theological reflection delves into the

redemptive-historical aspects, emphasizing their significance in shaping our understanding of

God's salvific purposes.

From the beginning of time, God orchestrated the events of history to fulfill His

redemptive plan. Every event, person, and circumstance serve a greater purpose within this

divine narrative. It showcases God's absolute control over human affairs, offering comfort and

assurance that nothing happens outside His providential oversight. Redemptive history

provides a framework for understanding the progressive nature of God's revelation to humanity.

Throughout history, God has revealed Himself gradually, culminating in the person and work

of Jesus Christ. From the early promises to Abraham, the giving of the Law through Moses,

the prophecies of the prophets, to the incarnation, death, and resurrection of Jesus, God's self-

disclosure unfolds in a redemptive-historical context. 2This progression allows us to grasp the

depth and richness of God's character and His plan for salvation.

2
Richard B. Gaffin Jr, "The Pauline Eschatology" (edited and published posthumously by Richard B. Gaffin Jr. in
1979)
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The redemptive-historical narrative highlights the pervasive impact of sin and our

desperate need for divine intervention. By acknowledging the depth of human brokenness, we

recognize our dependence on God's redemptive work to restore what sin has damaged.

Redemptive history finds its culmination in the person and work of Jesus Christ. Through His

incarnation, perfect life, sacrificial death, and victorious resurrection, Christ accomplished the

ultimate act of redemption. He reconciled humanity to God, paid the penalty for sin, and

inaugurated the Kingdom of God.

Redemptive history offers a hopeful vision of the future consummation of God's

redemptive purposes. The narrative points towards the restoration of all things when Christ

returns and establish His eternal Kingdom. It assures believers that the brokenness and

suffering experienced in the present age will be ultimately overcome. Redemptive history

instills in us a sense of longing for the day when God's redemption will be fully realized, and

His glory will be revealed in all its splendor.3

c) Soteriological Aspect

The concept of salvation holds a central place in many theological traditions.

Soteriology reveals that salvation is not merely a legal transaction or a passive event but rather

a transformative journey. It encompasses the renewal of the whole person, spiritually,

emotionally, and morally. The Apostle Paul beautifully captures this transformative aspect in

his letter to the Corinthians when he proclaims that "if anyone is in Christ, the new creation

has come: The old has gone, the new is here!" (2 Corinthians 5:17).

3
N.T. Wright, “Surprised by Hope: Rethinking Heaven, the Resurrection, and the Mission of the Church”
(Publisher: Harper One. 2008)
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Soteriology emphasizes the indispensable role of grace in the process of salvation. It

teaches us that salvation is not earned through our own merits but is a gift from God, rooted in

His abundant grace. This divine grace extends to all humanity. As we reflect on the theological

aspects of soteriology, we are reminded that salvation is an act of divine love and mercy,

reaching out to humanity in its fallen state, and drawing us into a reconciled relationship with

God.

Soteriology explores the process of justification, which involves the forgiveness of sins

and the imputation of Christ's righteousness upon believers pardoning our sins and accepting

us as His children. Through faith in Jesus Christ, we are justified before God, not by our own

works or adherence to the law but by His grace alone. This profound truth highlights the

redemptive work of Christ, who took upon Himself the penalty of our sins, thus bridging the

gap between humanity and God.

Faith plays a crucial role in soteriology, acting as the conduit through which we receive

God's saving grace. It is by faith that we trust in the person and work of Jesus Christ,

acknowledging Him as our Savior and Lord. Theological reflections on soteriology remind us

that faith is not simply an intellectual assent but a deep, personal commitment to Christ,

surrendering our lives to Him. This active faith leads to a transformed life, characterized by

love, obedience, and an ever-deepening relationship with God.4

d) Eschatological Aspect

The concept of eschatology refers to the study of the end times or the final events in

human history. It is a subject that has captivated theologians and believers throughout the ages,

4
Herman Ridderbos, An Outline of His Theology (Publisher: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. 1997)
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igniting contemplation on the profound theological aspects it entails. In this reflection, we will

explore some theological considerations surrounding eschatology, seeking to deepen our

understanding of its implications.

Eschatology confronts us with the profound truth of God's sovereignty and ultimate

purpose for creation. It reminds us that despite the chaos and uncertainties in the world, God

is in control of history and working towards the fulfillment of His purposes. The eschatological

narrative reassures us that evil will not have the final say, and God's justice and righteousness

will prevail.5

Eschatology unveils the promise of the coming kingdom of God. It invites us to

envision a world transformed by divine restoration, where peace, justice, and harmony reign

supreme. The anticipation of this kingdom compels us to work towards establishing God's

values in our present reality.

Central to eschatology is the belief in the resurrection of the dead. The resurrection of

Jesus Christ serves as the prototype of this future event. It affirms our hope in life beyond death,

reassuring us that physical death is not the end but a transition into a new and eternal existence.

This hope provides comfort and meaning in times of grief and suffering, reminding us that our

present struggles are temporary and that a glorious future awaits those who are in Christ.6

5
Herman Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics Abridged in One Volume, (Edited by John Bolt. Published by Baker
Academic. 2003)
6
N.T. Wright, “Surprised by Hope: Rethinking Heaven, the Resurrection, and the Mission of the Church”
(Published by Harper One. 2008)
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Eschatology reminds us of the reality of divine judgment and our accountability before

God. It calls us to reflect on the ethical implications of our actions, challenging us to live lives

marked by righteousness and holiness through the guidance of the Holy Spirit.

Eschatology presents us with the tension between the "already" and the "not yet." While

the kingdom of God has been inaugurated in Jesus Christ, its full realization awaits the

consummation of all things. In the midst of this tension, we are called to live as the people of

hope, embracing the present reality of God's kingdom while eagerly anticipating its complete

fulfillment. This tension challenges us to live with patience, perseverance, and a deep trust in

God's faithfulness.

e) Ecclesiological Aspect

Ecclesiology, the study of the Church, holds immense theological significance for

Christians worldwide. This reflection delves into the theological aspects of ecclesiology,

exploring key elements that shape our understanding of the Church as a divine institution. By

contemplating these facets, we deepen our appreciation for the Church's role in God's

redemptive plan and our individual participation in the body of Christ.

Central to ecclesiology is the concept of the Church as the body of Christ. Just as a

human body comprises various interconnected parts, the Church is a diverse community united

in Christ. Theological reflection on this aspect encourages us to value the diversity and gifts

present in the Church, fostering a spirit of cooperation and mutual support among believers.

Ecclesiology also explores the Church's mission in the world. As the body of Christ,

the Church is called to continue the work begun by Jesus during His earthly ministry. This

mission involves proclaiming the good news, demonstrating love and justice, and bringing
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God's kingdom to fruition. Theological reflection on the Church's mission challenges us to

actively engage with the world, serving as agents of transformation and reconciliation.

Reflecting on ecclesiology necessitates grappling with questions of authority and

governance within the Church. While recognizing the ultimate authority of Christ, the Church

structures itself to fulfill its mission effectively. This includes the roles of ordained ministers,

the discernment of doctrine, and the exercise of pastoral care. Theological reflection prompts

us to consider the Church's authority and governance in light of Christ's teachings, ensuring

that they align with the values of love, humility, and service.7

Lastly, ecclesiology reminds us of the Church's hope and eschatological dimension.

The Church is not merely a human institution; it is a sign and foretaste of God's kingdom,

pointing toward the future fulfillment of God's redemptive plan. This hope sustains and inspires

believers, reminding us that the Church's journey is ultimately directed toward the eternal

communion with God and one another. Theological reflection on this aspect prompts us to live

with an eschatological awareness, seeking to embody God's kingdom values in the present

while eagerly anticipating its full realization.

4) The Practical implication of Pauline Epistle

The Pauline gospel, as articulated by the Apostle Paul in his letters, has had profound

practical implications for the Christian faith and its followers.

One practical implication is the emphasis on salvation by grace through faith. Paul

taught that individuals are justified before God not by their own works or adherence to the law,

7
Richard Gaffin, By Faith, Not by Sight: Paul and the Order of Salvation, (It was formerly a print journal operated
by RTSF/UCCF in the UK, and it became a digital journal operated by The Gospel Coalition in 2008)
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but through faith in Jesus Christ. This has influenced the understanding of salvation and the

need for personal faith in Christian theology. Additionally, the Pauline gospel encouraged

believers to live transformed lives through the power of the Holy Spirit. Paul taught that

believers are called to live according to the Spirit and produce the fruits of the Spirit, such as

love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. This

has guided ethical conduct and personal transformation among Christians. Another practical

implication is the emphasis on the importance of Christian mission and evangelism. Paul was

a zealous missionary and encouraged believers to spread the gospel and make disciples of all

nations. This has influenced the global outreach and missionary efforts of the Christian faith.

Furthermore, the Pauline gospel highlighted the hope of resurrection and the future promise of

eternal life. This has provided comfort and assurance to Christians in the face of death and has

influenced their perspective on the present life. Finally, the Pauline gospel continues to shape

Christian theology, doctrines, and practices, providing a foundation for understanding the

person and work of Jesus Christ, the nature of salvation, and the role of believers in the world.

It remains a significant influence on Christian thought and discipleship.

5) Conclusion
In conclusion, the Gospel that Paul teaches and preaches in his epistles is a profound

and comprehensive message of hope, redemption, and transformation. It centers on the person

and work of Jesus Christ. This Gospel is grounded in the overarching narrative of God's

redemptive plan throughout history, from creation to consummation. It addresses the problem

of sin and the need for salvation, emphasizing that salvation is a free gift of God's grace,

received by faith in Christ alone.

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It offers believers a clear understanding of their identity as children of God, called to

live lives marked by holiness, love, unity, and servanthood. It provides practical guidance for

believers to be transformed in their thinking, attitudes, and behaviors, enabling them to be

agents of reconciliation and ambassadors of God's kingdom.

The Gospel Paul teaches and preaches encourages believers to engage in the mission

of proclaiming the good news of salvation to the world. It also sustains believers in times of

trials and suffering, offering endurance and an eternal hope rooted in the resurrection of Christ.

It calls believers to live in light of the already but not yet realities of the Kingdom of God,

eagerly awaiting the future consummation of all things in Christ's return.

Bibliography

1. Grudem Wayne, Systematic Theology, An Introduction to Bible Doctrine. Chicago:

Zondervan, 1994.

2. Bavinck, Herman, Reformed Dogmatics Abridged in One Volume. Edited by John Bolt.

Published by Baker Academic. 2003.

3. Richard B. Gaffin Jr, "The Pauline Eschatology". Edited and published posthumously by

Richard B. Gaffin Jr. 1979.

4. N.T. Wright, “Surprised by Hope: Rethinking Heaven, the Resurrection, and the Mission of

the Church”. Published by Harper One. 2008.

5. Herman Ridderbos, An Outline of His Theology. Publisher: William B. Eerdmans Publishing

Company. 1997.
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6. Richard Gaffin, By Faith, Not by Sight: Paul and the Order of Salvation. UK, operated by

The Gospel Coalition in 2008.

7. NT 604: Acts & Pauline Epistles, Evangelia University Graduate School of Theology.