Zoo animal and

Wild Life
Immobilization and
Anaesthesia
(Chemical, Equipment and Technique)

Submitted To,

DR. UMME KULSUM RIMA

PROFESSOR,
Department of Medicine, Surgery and
Obstetrics.
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and
Technology University,Dinajpur.

Submitted By
RUMMAN HOSSAIN TUHIN
DVM, MS (FELLOW) IN SURGERY
SESSION: JAN-JUNE 2022
REG NO: 1604001
 Zoo animal and wild life immobilization and anaesthesia

An Animal has to be anaesthetized and restrained for medication, surgical procedure,

transportation, controlling in case of violence and research purpose.

Those animals who are not trained at zoo or fully wild :

they can be immobilized by RDDS (Remote Drug Delivery System). The intramuscular or
subcutaneous of wild animals is open runs cages can be carried out by means of a projectile
syringe. There are 3 types of palmer projectors(gun):

1) Short range projector (pistol): modified pellet gun powered by compressed CO2 and its range
is 15m.
2) The long-range projector (Rifle): also powered by compressed CO2 and its range is 35m.
3) Extra long-range projector is powered by extra percussion cap. The strength of the cap used
to vary according to distance from the target, the maximum range is 80m.
Blowgun: It is becoming popular now a days for less trauma on impact with silent projection,
easily slighted, adaptable for use in small animal, no mechanical parts requiring for
maintenance.

Individual Immobilization and Anaesthesia (Equipment, Technique and

Chemicals):

Monkey: After isolating from the groups, it can be netted and

held with hand protected by leather gloves. arm and neck
should be grasped for full control.
Anaesthesia: Xylazine 1mg/kg,IM with Ketamine 3mg/kg,IM.

Deer: Who passes their velvet stage can be tied up with

ropes. For mule a squeeze cage is recommended.
Anaesthesia: Telazol 3mg/kg, IM with Xylazine 1.5mg/kg, IM.
Tapirs: Need squeeze cage for immobilization of the animal.
Anaesthesia: detomidine (0.065-0.13 mg/kg) and butorphanol
(0.13-0.2 mg/kg).
On the second occasion, anesthesia was induced by IV
administration of ketamine (2.2 mg/kg).

Camel: Request to lie down then a rope and leather strap should
be put around each flexed extremity to prevent the animal rising.
Anaesthesia: Xylazine (0.15 mg/kg) and Ketamine (2.5 mg/kg).

Giraffe: This extremely sensitive animals are restrained by

arranging a narrow alleyway between the stall and outdoor
enclosures.
Anaesthesia: Etorphine 1mg/kg, IM & Ketamine 100-400 mg, IV.

Elephants: Trained animals are ordered to lie down or by tools, chemical restrain.
Anaesthesia: Drug used for standing sedation:
1) Azaperone 0.08-0.09mg/kg, IM for Loxodonta and
Azaperone 0.017-0.046mg/kg,IM for Elephas species.
2) Butorphanol 0.12mg/kg,IM
Drug used for General Anaesthesia:
1) Medetomidine 5.5-6.0 mg/kg combined with
2) Etrophine 4.0-5.0 mg/kg Intramuscularly.
In case of Musths Elephant control –
Xylazine 0.1mg/kg,IM and Ketamine 0.08mg/kg, IM.
Bat, Birds: Net or manual capture. Stay aware about bites.
Anaesthesia: Midazolam 0.2–2.0 mg/kg (IM,IV) ,
Butorphanol 0.5–4 mg/kg (IM,IV).
Rodents: Captured manually by net, Rat mice are grasped by the
tail. White beavers must be netted and supporting the thoracic
region with one hand.
Anaesthesia: Ketamine 40-50mg/kg,IM with Diazepam
5mg/kg,IM.

Rabbit: Grasp by the skin of the neck and support the whole body
to immobilization.
Anaethesia: Xylazine 5.5mg/kg,IM with Ketamine 30-40 mg/kg, IM.

Snake: Snake hook method and Plastic tube method for small and poisonus snake, Make shift
device for large python.
Anesthesia: Cobra: Ketamine 50mg/kg, IM.
Python: Diazepam 0.2-0.8mg/kg, IM with Ketamin 5-10mg/kg,IM.
Lion: Must have specialized cage or separate room when in zoo.
Anaesthesia: Ketamine 7-10mg/kg combined with Xylazine 2-3 mg/kg, IM.

Tiger: Must have specialized cage or separate room when in zoo.

Anaesthesia: Ketamine 2.2-10 mg/kg combined with Xylazine 0.3
to 1.3mg/kg, IM.