Paragraph:

Paraphrase the words in this paragraph using the words in the box
below. Only paraphrase a word if you are sure it is appropriate to do so.

Itis sometimes thought that it is beneficial for conmpanies

tosponsor sports events through advertising. By doing
this, extrafunding, which is often lacking, can be raised
to support sports events and ensure that they continue to
run. Furthermore, companies can also contribute clothing
or equipment which supports the event, teams and
players.

Paraphrasing Option:

You must write the paragraph above again by paraphrasing it using the
words below. You do not need to use all the words. You must decide
which words to use and which words not to use.

Some citizens believe Some people believe advantage

good advantageous industries | businesses
sporting occasions matches / when we do this | in this
way extra cash / a lack of in short supply | sports
matches | And | industries | businesses / give / donate
performers / coordinate
| attire l groups| performers
 Some people think that schools are merely turning children
into good citizens and workers, rather than benefiting them as
individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

You can use the ideas below to help you answer the essay question.

Schools merely turn children into good citizens or workers:

schools teach discipline which turns children into effective workers.

children learn what is right and wrong in school.
schools instill the cultural valuesthat are shared by society.
skills that enable children to succeed in the job market can first
learned in school.

Schools benefit children as individuals:

schools help children discover their potential.

children are able to choose the subjects that best suit them.
teachers are trained to help children understand their strengths and
improve their weaknesses.
children can develop confidence as a person either through lessons
or extra curricular activities.
through school education, children are able to develop an
understanding about the world in which they live.
Life on Earth

Life on Earth started around 3.8 billion years ago and has since
evolved and diversified through the process of natural selection
to be adapted toalmost every environment possible. There are
currently an estimated 1.9 million animals, plants, and other
forms of life on Earth.

Life can be found in every nook and cranny/niche of the globe,

from the extreme environments of deep sea hydrothermal vents
and the freezing conditions of the Polar Regions to the lush
habitats found at the equator.

Looking back through time, by means of the fossil and

phylogenetic record, we can see that the Earth has been home to
many mnore species than are alive today. Taking a historical
perspective shows that life is constantly evolving, with the
success and dominance of different groups waxing and waning
Over time.

The diversity of life is truly amazing, but all living organisms do

share certain similarities. Al living organisms can replicate, and
the replicator molecule is DNA. As well, all living organisrms
contain some means of converting the information stored in DNA
into products used to build cellular machinery from fats,
proteins, and carbohydrates.
R
Questions 1-4

Complete the sentences. Choose no more than three words and / IE

or a number from the passage for each answer.
Ir

1. The world has been developed and changed by

for over 3.8 billion years.
2. The past history of the species that used to exist on earth can IE

be found through the ... . .record.

3. The coming and going of specific groups and species can
illustrate to us that life is forever
4. Without life forms would not be able to
replicate.
The Old Debate: Punish or Rehabilitate

Debates over how to treat prisoners have gone on since imprisonment

began: should the prison system leave inmates to fester in cold cells, with
punishment and deterrence as the goal of incarceration? Or should it let
them wander from classroom to games room, preaching rehabilitation
into society as its main aim?

With over 83,000 prisoners currently locked away, England and Wales
have a staggering imprisonment rate of 150 per 100,000 of the
population. Our prisons have been officially overcrowded since 1994;
nearly 14,000 current inmates are serving indeterminate sentences. If
lowering the number of criminals is the reason behind imprisonment,
recent figures point to a failing system: almost three quarters of under
18s are reconvicted within a year of release. As James Bell, an American
lawyer and prison reform activist, said: "As it stands now, justice systems
are extremely expensive, do not rehabilitate, but in fact make the people
that experience them worse."

In response to worldwide alarm over the ineffectiveness of how we

manage criminals, a growing number of prisons are embracing a new
style of incarceration. By giving inmates more responsibility, comfort,
and freedom within the prison walls, governors say they are offering
prisoners the chance to change. As the Prison Radio Association
spokespeople said: *Reducing re-offending is of benefit to everybody.
Equipping prisoners with skills and confidence is crucial in bringing
down re-offending rates."
Complete the sentence by choosing the correct ending.

1.Since prisons were established, it has been considered whether or

not...
2. Putting criminals behind bars to reduce the crime rate is clearly not
working...
3. The new approach to dealing with punishment is
4. One of the most effective ways to reduce crime figures is to ...

Choose the letter (a-g)

a) because many under 18's are criminals.

b) the aim ofimprisonmentshould be to put people off committing
crime or to rehabilitate them.
c) in answer tothe lack of success with the way criminals are
currently dealt with.
d) provide equipment to prisoners.
e) the goal should be to provide warmer cells.
f) help offenders develop useful skills.
g) according to the current crime numbers.
The History of Easter Eggs

Easter eggs, also called Paschal eggs, are special eggs that are
often given to celebrate Easter or springtime. The practice of
decorating eggshell is ancient. Ostrich eggs with engraved
decoration that are 60,000 years old have been found in Africa. In
Europe, it was traditional to use dyed and painted chicken eggs at
Easter, but a modern custom is to substitute chocolate eggs, or
plastic eggs filled with confectionery such as jelly beans.

Easter eggs are a widely popular symbol of new life in Bulgaria,

Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, and other Central European
countries where they are concealed in the garden for children to
find. Eggs, in general, were a traditional symbol of fertility and
rebirth. Some magic rituals, these days, often use eggs to promote
fertility and restore virility (of the body and mind);and to foresee
the future.

Questions 1-3

Answer the questions below. Choose no more than two words

from the passage for each answer.

1. What is another name for Easter Eggs?

2. What type of eggs were formerly used at Easter in Europe?
3. What did eggs represent on the whole?