3/31/2023

DevOps

Lecture
Containerization
using Docker
By
Asad Hanif

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Declaimer
Contents of the lecture are taken from following links

 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoz1vq3JRiWNZBHNOf8uGuXaYTTogQ
A0t

 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0hSJrxggIQoKLETBSmgbbvE4FO_eE
goB

 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyvfcZJ0pCaKOt1jWmsMTuGBq76EPu
kMh

 https://devopscube.com/what-is-docker/

 https://devopscube.com/build-docker-image/
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Going Back in Time

Traditional Deployment era
 Early on, organizations ran applications on
App App App App
physical servers.
Libraries Dependencies
 There was no way to define resource
Operating System
boundaries for applications in a physical server,
Hardware Infrastructure
and this caused resource allocation issues.
Physical Machine / Server

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Going Back in Time

Traditional Deployment era
 For example, if multiple applications run on a
App App App App
physical server, there can be instances where
Libraries Dependencies
one application would take up most of the
Operating System
resources, and as a result, the other
Hardware Infrastructure
applications would underperform.
Physical Machine / Server

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Going Back in Time

Traditional Deployment era
 A solution for this would be to run each
App App App App
application on a different physical server.
Libraries Dependencies
 But this did not scale as resources were
Operating System
underutilized, and it was expensive for
Hardware Infrastructure
organizations to maintain many physical
Physical Machine / Server
servers.

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Going Back in Time

Virtualized Deployment era
App App App App
 As a solution, virtualization was introduced. Bin / Library Bin / Library

 It allows us to run multiple Virtual Machines OS OS

(VMs) on a single physical server's CPU. Virtual Machine Virtual Machine

Hypervisor
 Virtualization allows applications to be isolated
Host Operating System
between VMs.
Hardware Infrastructure

Physical Machine / Server

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Going Back in Time

Virtualized Deployment era
App App App App
 It provides a level of security as the information of
Bin / Library Bin / Library
one application cannot be freely accessed by
OS OS
another application.
Virtual Machine Virtual Machine
 Virtualization allows better utilization of resources
Hypervisor
in a physical server
Host Operating System
 It allows better scalability because an application
Hardware Infrastructure
can be added or updated easily, reduces hardware
costs, and much more. Physical Machine / Server

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Going Back in Time

Virtualized Deployment era
App App App App
 With virtualization we can present a set of Bin / Library Bin / Library
physical resources as a cluster of disposable OS OS
virtual machines. Virtual Machine Virtual Machine

Hypervisor
 Each VM is a full machine running all the
Host Operating System
components, including its own operating
Hardware Infrastructure
system, on top of the virtualized hardware.
Physical Machine / Server

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Going Back in Time

Container Deployment era
App App
 Containers are similar to VMs, but they have
Bin / Library Bin / Library
relaxed isolation properties to share the
Container Container
Operating System (OS) among the
Container Runtime
applications.
Host Operating System
 Therefore, containers are considered Hardware Infrastructure
lightweight. Physical Machine / Server

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Going Back in Time

Container Deployment era
App App
 Similar to a VM, a container has its own
Bin / Library Bin / Library
filesystem, share of CPU, memory, process
Container Container
space, and more.
Container Runtime
 As they are decoupled from the underlying Host Operating System
infrastructure, they are portable across clouds Hardware Infrastructure
and OS distributions. Physical Machine / Server

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Benefits of Containers
Containers have become popular because they provide extra
benefits, such as:

1) Agile application creation and deployment:

• Increased ease and efficiency of container image creation compared to
VM image use.

2) Continuous development, integration, and deployment:

• Provides for reliable and frequent container image build and deployment
with quick and efficient rollbacks (due to image immutability).

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Benefits of Containers
Containers have become popular because they provide extra
benefits, such as:

3) Dev and Ops separation of concerns:

• Create application container images at build/release time rather than
deployment time, thereby decoupling applications from infrastructure.

4) Observability:
• Not only surfaces OS-level information and metrics, but also application
health and other signals.

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Benefits of Containers
Containers have become popular because they provide extra
benefits, such as:

5) Environmental consistency across development,

testing, and production:
• Runs the same on a laptop as it does in the cloud.

6) Cloud and OS distribution portability:

• Runs on Ubuntu, RHEL, CoreOS, on-premises, on major public clouds,
and anywhere else.

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Benefits of Containers
Containers have become popular because they provide extra
benefits, such as:

7) Application-centric management:
• Raises the level of abstraction from running an OS on virtual hardware to
running an application on an OS using logical resources.

8) Resource isolation:
• Predictable application performance.

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Benefits of Containers
Containers have become popular because they provide extra
benefits, such as:

9) Resource utilization:
• High efficiency and Density.

10) Loosely coupled, distributed, elastic, liberated micro-

services:
• Applications are broken into smaller, independent pieces and can be
deployed and managed dynamically – not a monolithic stack running on
one big single-purpose machine.
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Containerization with Docker

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Docker Installation

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Docker Installation – Linux

 To get started with Docker Engine on Ubuntu, use official
documentation.

 https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/

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Docker Installation – Linux

Uninstall Old Versions
 Older versions of Docker went by the names of docker, docker.io,
or docker-engine.
 Uninstall any such older versions before attempting to install a new
version:

$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io

containerd runc
 It’s OK if apt-get reports that none of these packages are installed.
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Docker – Install using Repository

Set up the repository
1) Update the apt package index and install packages to allow apt to
use a repository over HTTPS:
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install \
ca-certificates \
curl \
gnupg \
lsb-release

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Docker – Install using Repository

Set up the repository

2) Add Docker’s official GPG key:
$ sudo mkdir -m 0755 -p /etc/apt/keyrings

$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg

| sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

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Docker – Install using Repository

Set up the repository

3) Use the following command to set up the repository:
$ echo \
"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-
by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg]
https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
$(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

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Docker – Install using Repository

Install Docker Engine

1) Update the apt package index:

$ sudo apt-get update

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Docker – Install using Repository

Install Docker Engine

2) Install Docker Engine, containerd, and Docker Compose:

$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli

containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-
compose-plugin

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Docker – Install using Repository

Install Docker Engine

3) Verify that the Docker Engine installation is successful by
running the hello-world image:

$ sudo docker run hello-world

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What is Docker?

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The Docker platform

 Docker is an open platform for developing, shipping, and
running applications.

 Docker enables us to separate our applications from our

infrastructure so we can deliver software quickly.

 With Docker, we can manage our infrastructure in the same

ways you manage our applications.

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The Docker platform

 Docker provides the ability to package and run an application in a
loosely isolated environment called a container.

 The isolation and security allows us to run many containers

simultaneously on a given host.

 Containers are lightweight and contain everything needed to run the

application, so we do not need to rely on what is currently installed on
the host.

 We can easily share containers while we work, and be sure that

everyone share with gets the same container that works in the same
way.
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The Docker platform

 Docker provides tooling and a platform to manage the lifecycle of
your containers:
• Develop the application and its supporting components using containers.

• The container becomes the unit for distributing and testing the application.

• When app is ready, deploy application into production environment, as a

container or an orchestrated service.

 This works the same whether the production environment is a

local data center, a cloud provider, or a hybrid of the two.

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Docker Architecture

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Docker Architecture

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Docker Hands-on

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List Containers
 Show running stopped containers

$ docker ps

 Show both running and stopped containers

$ docker ps -a

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List Images
 Show all top-level images, their repository and tags, and
their size

$ docker images

 List images by name and tag

$ docker images java

 Show untagged images (dangling)

https://docs.docker.com/engin
e/reference/commandline/ima
$ docker images --filter "dangling=true" ges/
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Pull Images
 Download an image from a registry (Docker Hub)

$ docker pull <image-name>

https://docs.docker.com/engine/refer
ence/commandline/pull/

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Run Containers
 Create and run a new container from an image

$ docker run hello-world

 Assign name and allocate pseudo-TTY (--name, -it)

$ docker run --name test -it nginx

 Example

$ docker run --name mynginx1 -p 8080:80 -d nginx

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/
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Rename Container
 To rename a container, we use following command.

$ docker rename CONTAINER NEW_NAME

https://docs.docker.com/engine/re
ference/commandline/rename/

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Remove Containers
 Remove one or more containers

$ docker rm <container-name or ID>

https://docs.docker.com/engine/refer
ence/commandline/rm/

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Remove Images
 Remove one or more images

$ docker rmi <image-name or ID>

https://docs.docker.com/engine/re
ference/commandline/rmi/

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Demo
Run Nginx in a Docker
Container
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Run Nginx in a Docker Container

 Downloading Nginx From Docker Hub

$ docker pull nginx

 Start your Nginx Docker container

$ docker run --name my-nginx -p 8080:80 nginx

 Open browser and hit localhost:8080

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Run Nginx in a Docker Container

 Running in Detached Mode

$ docker run --name my-nginx -p 8080:80 -d nginx

 Stop the container

$ docker stop my-nginx

 Remove the container

$ docker rm my-nginx

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Run Nginx in a Docker Container

 Building a Web Page to Serve on Nginx

 Create a new directory

$ mkdir -p ~/docker-nginx/html

$ cd ~/docker-nginx/html

 Create an HTML file to serve on your server and paste a

page

$ nano index.html
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Run Nginx in a Docker Container

 Linking the Container to the Local Filesystem

 Docker allows to link directories from virtual machine’s local

file system to container.

 The Nginx container is set up by default to look for an index

page at /usr/share/nginx/html.

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Run Nginx in a Docker Container

 To do this, use the -v flag to map the ~/docker-nginx/html
folder from server to a relative path in the container
/usr/share/nginx/html.

$ docker run --name docker-nginx -p 8080:80 -d -v

~/docker-nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx

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Run Nginx in a Docker Container

$ docker run --name docker-nginx -p 8080:80 -d -v
~/docker-nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx

 Explanation of the command:

• -v flag specifies that you’re linking a volume.
• To the left of the : is the location of directory on server, ~/docker-
nginx/html.
• To the right of the : is the location that are symbolically linking to
container /usr/share/nginx/html.
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List of Containers
 We can create various independent services using different
programming languages and platforms.

 For example, service A can be developed using Python,

service B using Java, service C using JavaScript, etc.

 It enables the rapid, frequent, and reliable delivery of large

and complex applications.

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What are Microservices?

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