Experimet 2

A MICRO-METHOD OF DETERMINING THE BOILING POINT OF A LIQUID

Discussion

The boiling point od a liquid is the temperature at which it’s vapour pressure equals the
atmospheric pressure exerted on it. As pure organic compounds have definite boiling points,
their determination provides valuable information for the identification of organic
compounds. Boiling points can also indicate the state of purity of compounds.

In this experiment, we use a micro-method of determining the b.p. of a compound.

Procedure

Fill a 100 cm3 beaker with 60 cm3 of water (or glycerol) and place it over a wire gauze
supported by a tripod stand. Next, tie a micro* test tube to a thermometer with a rubber band
(see Figure 2). Introduce five or six drops of aceton (b.p. = 56.2 ˚C) into the test tube. Clamp
the thermometer so that the bulb of the thermometer and part of the micro test tube are
immersed in the water (or glycerol). Place a sealed capillary tube in the micro test-tube as
shown in the diagram.

Heat the beaker and stir constantly. When a steady stream of bubbles comes out of the
capillary tube, remove the flame. Continue stirring until the aceton begins to enter the
capillary tube. Note the temperature. This is the b.p. of aceton.

Repeat the procedure with chloroform (trichloromethane) (b.p. = 61 ˚C) and isopropyl
alcohol (propan-2-ol) (b.p. = 83 ˚C).

Exercise

1. What adventages does this method of b.p. determination give ?

2. In an experiment, a student found that the b.p. of acetone was 2 ˚C higher than
it’sreprted value whereas those of chloroform (trichloromethane) and carbon
 tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane) were nearly the same as the reported value. Can
you give an explenation ?
3. Why is the b.p. of a liquid containing a little dissolved solid higher than the b.p. of the
pure liquid itself ?
4. What experiment would you carry out to show that constant boiling HCl is a mixture
and not a pure compound ?

Suggested Reading

Glasstone, S.The Elementary of Physical Chemistry. 1st edition (London :

Macmillan,1956) pp. 144-146

Shiner, R, L., Fuson, R. C, and Curtin, D.Y.The Systematic Identification of Organic

Compounds. 4th edition (New York : John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1956) pp.32.34
TRANSLATE

Eksperimen 2
METODE MIKRO DARI PENENTUAN TITIK DIDIH SUATU CAIRAN

Diskusi
Titik didih cairan adalah suhu di mana tekanan uapnya sama dengan tekanan atmosfer yang
diberikan padanya. Karena senyawa organik murni memiliki titik didih yang pasti,
penentuannya memberikan informasi yang berharga untuk identifikasi senyawa organik. Titik
didih juga dapat menunjukkan keadaan kemurnian senyawa.

Dalam percobaan ini, kami menggunakan metode mikro untuk menentukan titik didih dari
suatu senyawa.
Latihan
1. apa kelebihan dalam metode penentuan titik didih ini ?
2. Dalam percobaan, seorang siswa menemukan bahwa titik didih aseton adalah 2 ˚C
lebih tinggi dari nilai yang dilaporkan, sedangkan kloroform (triklorometana) dan
karbon tetraklorida (tetraklorometana) hampir sama dengan nilai yang dilaporkan.
Bisakah Anda memberi penjelasan?
3. Mengapa titik didih cairan yang mengandung padatan terlarut sedikit lebih tinggi dari
titik didih cairan murni itu sendiri?
4. Percobaan apa yang akan Anda lakukan untuk menunjukkan bahwa HCl mendidih
konstan adalah campuran dan bukan senyawa murni?

Bacaan yang Disarankan

Glasstone, S. Dasar Kimia Fisik. Edisi 1 (London: Macmillan, 1956) hlm. 144-146

Shiner, R, L., Fuson, R. C, dan Curtin, D.Y. Identifikasi Sistematik Senyawa Organik. Edisi
ke 4 (New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1956) hlm.32.34