ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 2

(DBM20023)
(PRESENTATION 2)
GROUP MEMBERS: SUREN A/L KRISHNAN
(01DAD22F1046)
TIVHYAN A/L SINNAIAH
(01DAD22F1070)
CLASS : DAD 2B
LEC NAME : PUAN SYAHIDA
 INTRODUCTION OF INTEGRATION
• Integration is a mathematical operation that involves finding the integral or
antiderivative of a function. It is the reverse process of differentiation, which
involves finding the derivative of a function. The process of integration can be
used to find the area under a curve, the volume of a solid, or the average value of
a function over a given interval.

• The integral of a function can be calculated using different methods, such as

substitution, integration by parts, partial fractions, and trigonometric substitution.
The indefinite integral, or antiderivative of a function, can be represented using
the symbol ∫f(x) dx, where f(x) is the function and dx represents the infinitesimal
change in the independent variable x.
• The definite integral of a function f(x) between two limits a and b can be
represented as ∫a^b f(x) dx, which gives the area under the curve of f(x) over the
interval [a, b]. The value of the definite integral can be found using the
fundamental theorem of calculus, which states that the definite integral of f(x)
between two limits a and b is equal to the difference between the antiderivative of
f(x) evaluated at b and the antiderivative of f(x) evaluated at a.

• Integration is a fundamental concept in mathematics, and it has numerous

applications in fields such as physics, engineering, economics, and statistics.
 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION

• INTERGAL OF TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTION
• INTERGAL OF EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTION
• INTERGAL OF RECIPROCAL
FUNCTION
• INTEGRATION BY PARTS
• INTEGRATION OF PARTIAL
FUNCTION
INTEGRATION
RULES
 EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION OF INTEGRATION IN REAL LIFE

• CALCULATION OF AREAS AND VOLUMES:

Integration is used to find the area of irregular shapes and volumes of complicated objects.
For example, in construction, finding the volume of a complex building design can be done by
integrating the area functions of each segment.

• PHYSICS:
Integration is used to calculate the work done by a force over a distance or displacement,
and also to calculate the total energy stored in a system. For example, when calculating the
amount of work done by an electric field on a charged particle, integration is used to
integrate the electric field over the path of the charge.
• STATISTICS:
Integration is used in probability theory to compute the probability density functions of
continuous random variables. For example, the normal distribution function is represented
using an integral, and the area under the curve of this function gives the probability of a
specific outcome.

• ENGINEERING:
In designing structures such as bridges or buildings, integration is used to analyze the stress
and strain on materials. For example, integration is used to calculate the bending moment in a
beam under different loads.

• ECONOMICS:
Integration is used in microeconomic theory to calculate the area under the demand and
supply curves to obtain consumer and producer surplus. This helps determine the best
possible price that balances the interests of both consumers and producers.
QUESTIONS
 SUMMARY

In mathematics, integration is the process of

finding the integral of a function. It is used to
find the area under a curve, the volume of a
solid, or the work done by a force. The integral
of a function is the sum of its values over a
certain interval, and it is represented by the
symbol ∫.