GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA

REPORT ON THE GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR BASE METALS

IN AHIRWALA AND TEJWALA AREAS SIKAR DISTRICT RAJASTHAN.
(FIELD SEASON 1975-76)

By
B.SARKAR ,
GEOPHYSICIST (Jr.)
AND
S. CHAKRABORTY
ASSTT. GEOPHYSICIST

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA.

NO PART OF THIS REPORT IS TO BE QUOTED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PRIOR

WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL GSI

(February 1978)

1 GSI-WRO-5239
 CONTENTS PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT

I. INTRODUCTION 1

II LOCATION 1

III. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1

IV. PARTY PERSONNEL AND QUANTUM OF WORK 2

V. GEOLOGICAL FEATURES 2

VI. LAYOUT AND EQUIPMENT 3

VII. SUMMARY OF RESULTS 3

VII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 9

IX. APPENDIX-I

X. REFERENCES

2 GSI-WRO-5239
LIST OF PLATES

I. LAYOUT

I. Layout Geophysical traverses, Ahirwala block, Sikar district, Rajasthan.

II. SP contour map. Ahirwala block, Sikar district, Rajasthan.

III. IP contour map, Ahirwala block, Sikar dist., Rajasthan.

IV. Representative SP magnetic and IP (Chargeability) profiles, Ahirwala block Sikar dist.
Rajasthan

V. Layout map of Tejwala Sikar dist. Rajasthan

VI. SP contour map, Tejwala block, Sikar, Rajasthan.

VII. IP (Chargeability) contour map, Tejwala block Sikar dist. Rajasthan

VIII. Representative SP, magnetic end IP (Chargeability) profiles, Tejwala block, Sikar district,
Rajasthan.

IX. IP (Chargeability) profiles with deferent separations, Ahirwala block and Tejwala block.

X. Electromagnetic (Sling ram and tram) profiles, Ahirwala and Tejwala blocks.

3 GSI-WRO-5239
Report on the Geophysical Investigations for base metals in Ahirwala and
Tejwala areas, Sikar dist. Rajasthan.
(Field Season 1975-76)
By
B.Sarkar
Geophysicist (Jr.)
and
S.Chakerborty,
Asstt. Geophysicist
Geological Survey of India.

ASSTRACT

In view of evidences of ancient mining in Ahirwala and Tejwala of Sikar district

Rajasthan, Geophysical surveys employing SP, IP, Magnetic and limited EM methods were
initiated in 1975-76 in accordance with the GSI field programme. The rocks consisting largely of
the Alwars and Ajabgarhs of Delhi system have been folded into a series of anticlines and
synclines resulting the development of several faults and shear zones.

Geophysical surveys have brought out significant anomaly zones with a total strike
length of 600 m and over 1500 meters in Ahirwala and Tejwala Blocks respectively. Test bore
holes over geophysical anomalies have proved encouraging copper mineralization at depth, in
the Ahirwala Block and promising copper as wall as molybdenum mineralization in the Tejwala
block. In the light of these results systematic exploratory drilling of all the geophysical
anomalies are likely to prove sizeable quantity of ore in these areas.

4 GSI-WRO-5239
 I. INTRODUCTION

While Heron (1923), worked out the regional stratigraphy and structure of the area, old
working in Ahirwala were located only in very recent years (Jhanwar, 1968) in the course of
mapping carried out for the purpose of correlating the geology to the south of Nim-Ka-Than with
that of the Khetri belt proper. Following the location of varriors evidence of ancient mining in
Ahirwala in the form of old workings, slag heaps and certain dilapidated constructions near
pitheads, detailed mapping (1 :1000) of an area of 0.7 q. kms. was carried out (Reddy, 1975)
as part of a programme of base metal exploration in this area. In view of the encouraging
copper, nickel and cobalt values obtained from soil and bedrock samples, ground geophysical
surveys were also initiated in Ahirwala and Tejwala blocks in-1975-76 (GSI F.P.No.Gp/-/75/140
page 431). These surveys, to which. the present report relates, have since led to the
delineation of significant anomaly zones proving molybdenum besides copper mineralization.

Location

Ahirwala and Tejwala areas (Toposhect No. 45M/NE) are located about 25 kms.
southeast of Nim-Ka-Thana, a tehsil town in Sikar district of Rajasthan. They are approachable
from Nim-Ka-Thana via Ganeswar partly by an asphalt and partly by a fair weather road.

Acknowledgement

The authors feel indebted to Shri A.G.B.Reddit Superintending Geophysicist, Western

Region, for his valuable guidance and encouragement in course .of survey.

Quantum of work :

1. SP observations 4382 Nos.

2. Magnetic observations 1644 Nos.

3. EM observations 1177 Was.

4. IP measurements 1958 Nos.

5, Resistively measurements 2205 Nos.

5 GSI-WRO-5239
 6- Resistively abounding 12 Nos.

7. Area covered 2.08 sq. km.

8. Total traverse length 60-25 lime km.

9. Total leveling 9.69 line kms.

GEOLOGICAL FEATURES (Reddy. 1975):

The Ahirwala and Tejwala areas are located in the south-central part of a doubly
plunging anticline extending over a strike length of 20 km. from Chipolata in the south to
Kheragbinjpura in the north. The predominant structural trend is NE-SW conforming to the
regional Aravalli strike. The rocks are folded into a series of large scale anticlines and syncline
with sub vertical axial planes plunging towards SW. The formations, Comprising Ajabgarhs of
Delhi group, are represented by massive quartzite, amphibole quartzite, biotitic, quartzite,
actinolite marble biotitic schist and Seri cite schist. These met sediments' have boon intruded
into by amphibolites quartz and epidotic veins of Post Delhi age. Due to folding and subsequent
deformation, several faults end shears have developed unparallel to the axial plane of the large
scale fold. The local strike of the formations varies from NNW-SSE through N-S to NNE-SSW
with westerly dips of 50° to 80°.

Regional stratigraphy (Jhanwar, 1968) :

Recent Soil and alluvium.

Post Delhi intrusives. Quartz, pegmatite and amphibolites,

Ajabgarh Formation Mica schist intercalated with calc-gneiss, impure marble and quartzite,
Quartzite

Calc gneiss and impure marble intercalated with massive quartzite,

biotitic quartzite, amphibole quartzite, mica schist and Phyllite.

6 GSI-WRO-5239
Alwar Formation Massive and sericite quartzite intercalated with conglomerate bands
Biotitie schist.

Surface evidences of mineralization in Ahirwala consist of old workings along dumps,

mine Debris, malachite and azurite staining along shear zones and in few patches of poorly
developed gossans in marble and brecciated biotitie quartzite. In Tejwala Block, the old
workings are mostly located in sericite schist with the mine debris being profusely stained by
malachite and azurite.

LAYOUT AND EQUIPMENT:

In Ahirwala, a base line N25°W-S25°E was laid approximately parallel to the shear
zones along which a number of old workings are located. It passes through the Survey Station
K (Plate I). Traverses orthogonal to the base line are 60 meters apart, the station interval being,
10 meters. While the stations are numbered E1,E2 etc. or W1. W2 etc. according to their
location to the east or west of the base line, the traverse are designated N6,N12 etc. and S6,
S12 etc. depending on whether they lie to the north or south of the '0' traverse.

The direction of the base line in the neighboring Tejwala Block (N15°W-S15° E) and
Turam equipment manufactured by Centrex Ltd., Canada, as well as a V.H.E.M. unit of Mc
Pharr Geophysics Ltd., Canada, were employed. IP measurements were made mostly with the
gradient array and to a limited extent with the throe- electrode and Schlumberger array as well.
The horizontal co-planner arrangement was followed for in-phase and out-of-phase observation
with to VHEM unit.

SUMMARY OF RESULTS:

A. AHIRWALA BLOCK:

Two significant SP anomaly zones designated I and II have been delineated over a
strike length of about 300 m. (Plate IT), cache. The peak values in the two cases are
respectively of the order of-70 m.v. (Plate IV, Stn. w 19, Trav.S6) and -100 m.v. (Trav. N54,
Stn. W 23) this indications are accompanied by moderate apparent chargeability highs

7 GSI-WRO-5239
(gradient array) that in fact extend portly into the central part if the are also he no SP indications
have been obtained. (Plate IlI)

Apparent chargeability measurements were made with three electrode end

Schaumberg arrays also for different separations across the anomaly zones I and II mainly to
investigate the depth to the causative body, its probate attitude and depth extent The results
along traverse S6 suggests, for the conductor if; zone I, a depth between 20 and 40 meters to
the top and a depth extent of 120 meter or more with a probation dip of 50°W to 70°W.
Schlumberger traverses across zone II suggest depth extent of alienate 16C meters for the
conductor which appears to be steeply dipping Magnetic traverses (Plate-77) have largely
brought out the contact between amphibole quartzite In the west and biotitic achiest in the east.
The profiles are almost flat and featureless in the western part of the area while the biotitic
schist in the east is marked by very sharp fluctuations of a few hundred gamma. Samples of
biotitic schist (witch is exposed in the south eastern part of the area) were test and found to
have even remanence presumably due to magnetite grains that abound along foliation planes
in some of the samples The effective delineation of the major litho logical units in the area the
magnetic method (Plates II& III) should be quite useful especially in the northern part where
outcrops are scarse. The close association of and SP anomalies with one inferred contact in
zone is significant suggesting, as It does possible mineralization along this feature.

Limited Sligram (EM) measurements were taken with frequnties of 600 Hz and 2400 Hz
and coil separation of 60 and 90 meters over the two anomaly zones employing the horizontal
co-planner coil configuration while the Sligram response over zone I has been poor the
corresponding results over zone II has been excellent. Quantitative interpretation of these
results in zone II was therefore attempted (Nair, 1974) yielding the following approximate
values for the various parameters of the conductor:

d (depth to the top) =22 meters

(dip) = 73°
t (conductivity thickness parameter) - 40 mhos.

The EM profiles in Plate-X pertaining to zone II indicate a decrease in the magnitude of

response as well as in the real/quadarature ratio to the north and south of traverse N54. This
could possibly suggest a greater depth to and/or poorer conductivity thickness product for the

8 GSI-WRO-5239
causative body which might also explain to some extent, the absence of any corroborative SP
anomaly over a port of the zone II.

While test boreholes have struck rich supplied mineralisation in both the zones I and II,
thus amply corroborating the geophysical indications, from borehole evidence, the percentage
of copper mineralization as such appears to be larger in zone I as compared to zone II. Further
exploratory drilling in these anomaly zone is still under progress.

TEJWALA BLOCK:

Systematic SP, magnetic and IP surveys (gradient array) carried out over an aggregate
strike length of 2.2 km in the adjoining Tejwala Block have brought out Interesting SP and
chargeability anomalies over scarcities schist which assume added significance due to the
proximity of a number of old workings. The debris around these workings bears profuse
malachite and azurite stains.

Magnetic profiles (Plate-VIII) are invariably flat in the eastern part of the area occupied
by schist, marble, amphibole quartzite and biotite quartzite whereas they are marked by large
fluctuations over amphibolites in the western part of the area.

The various SP closures designated A to E range from 50 mv to -130 mv and fail into
two N-S trending zones with the first three laying in an eastern and the other two in a western
zone. Besides corroborating these SP anomalies, IP surveys have brought out additional
chargeability highs in the areas intervening between the SP closures A, B and C. The IP
indications arc generally strong and are also accompanied by resistivity lows except in the
areas north of traverse TN72, Many of the IP profiles like those presented (Plato VIII) show
chargeability peaks of 50 ms. the background values being in the range of 15 to 20 ms. Over
the SP anomalies A, B and C, the IP indications are generally broad with double peaks about
40 to 60 meters apart. While the broad high could be largely due to the sericite schist, the local
peak corresponding as they do, with SP lows may be reflective of sulphide mineralization at
depth. As evident from the chargeability contour map (Plato-VII), to the IP anomaly zone
extends over a strike length of about 1.6 km between traverses TS 30 and TN78. Strong
chargeability anomalies have boon recorded over the SP anomaly D between traverses TN24
and TN42 over a limited strike length of less then 200 m.

9 GSI-WRO-5239
 From the chargeability profiles presented for different separations along traverses N48
end TS12 (Plate-IX) it is inferred that,

i) in all probability the conductors have a steep dip

ii) the maximum depth to the top of those conductors is likely to be of the order of 50 meters.

iii) These conductors possibly extend, to depths of not less than 150 to 200 meters from the
surface at various locations.

Corroborative Slingram (horizontal co-Plannoy) indications have also been obtained

over the SP anomaly A although those are not persistent presumably due to the target
conductor being deeper at places. While the Real/Imaginary component ratio is greater than 1
in those cases, the response as a whole, however, drops perceptibly with a four fold lowering of
frequency (e.g. trav. TS12, Plate-X). No such corroboration has been obtained over the other
SP closures (B,C,D, & E.). Test Turam measurements over just two of the traverses across the
SP anomaly A have also brought out interesting results, as expected, suggesting depth
estimates of the over of 55 meters (Bosschart, 1964) to the top of the conductor which is in fair
agreement with the IP indications.

The above anomaly zone A has since proved promising. Sulphide mineralization
including copper as well as molybdenum. Further exploratory drilling is under progress.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Geophysical surveys employing SP IP and EM methods have been strikingly

successful both in Ahirwala and Tejwala areas in delineating promising zones of mineralization
at depth. Preliminary quantitative interpretation of anomalies has been attempted wherever
possible

Two zones with an aggregate strike length of about 600 meters In Ahirwala block have
proved significant supplied mineralization, the percentage of copper being relatively higher in
zone I (southern) as compared to zone II. Magnetic traverses have clearly brought out the

10 GSI-WRO-5239
contact between bit biotite schist and amphibole quartzite, with which mineralization appears to
bee associated.

In the Tejwala Block, five significant SP closures with corroborative IP indications have
been obtained, the aggregate strike length being about 1.5 km- One of these closures
(designated A) which is also marked by distinct Sling ram and Trams indications has since
been drilled proving promising copper as well as molybdenum mineralization at depth.

In the light of the encouraging results of test drilling so for obtained in the Ahirwala and
Tejwala Blocks, systematic exploratory drilling of the remaining geophysical anomalies would
be appropriate. It is proposed to conduct geophysical logging of all the boreholes as and when
drilled in these areas to enable further refinements in interpretation.

11 GSI-WRO-5239
 LIST OF PILLARS

Ahirwala block :

SI. No. Pillar No. Location .Stn./Trav.

Anomaly pillars GP(A-1)

1. W14/S18

2. GP(A-2) W14/S12

3. CP(A-3) W10/s6

4. CP{A-4) W17/0 .

5. GP(A-5) W17/N6

6. GP(A-6) W9/N12

7. GP(A-7) W6/N36

8. GP(A-8) W6/N42

9. GP(A-9) W26/48

10. GP(A-10) W26/N54

11. GP(S-1) 0/S81

O/N54 Survey ,
12. GP(S-2)
Pillars

12 GSI-WRO-5239
Tejwala block :

Anomaly pillars:

1. GP(TA-1) WT3/TS30

2. CP(TA-2) W12/TS 24

3. GP(TA-3) W12/TS 18

4. GP(TA-4) W10/TS 12

5. GP(TA-5) W10/TS 6

6. GP{TA-6) W11/T 0

7. GP{TA-7) W10/TN 6

8. GP(TA-8) W9/T 012

9. GP(TA-9) W6/TN1 8

10. GP(TA-10) W7/TN24

11. GP(TA-11} W8/TN30

12. GP(TA-12) W4/TN6

13. GP(TA-13) W3/TN12

14 GP(TA-14) W2/TN18

15. GP(TA-15) W2/TN24

16. GP(TA-18) W1/TN30

17. CP(TA-17) W/TN36

18. CP(TA-16) E2/TN42

19. CP(TA-19) E3/TN48

20. GP(TA-20) E3/Tn54

21. CP(TA-21) E2/Tn60

22. GP(TA-22) 0/TN66

23. GP(TA-23) 0/TN78

24. GP(TA-24) 0/TN96

13 GSI-WRO-5239
 REFERENCES

1. Bosschart. R.A. (1964): Analytical interpretation of fixed sources electromagnetic

prospecting data.

2. Heron A.M. (1923): Geology of western Jaipur. Record, GSI Volley Pt.4.

3. Jhanwar M.L. (1968) Geological mapping south of Nimkathana, dist. Sikar, Rajasthan with
reference to iron ores (Prog.Rep.of GSI for F.S.1967-68 Unpublished)

4. Nair, M.R. et.al (1974) : Standard curves for interpretation of horizontal-loop

electromagnetic anomalies (GSI Miscellaceous publication No.25).

5. Reddy.B.B.K, (1975) : Report on detailed mapping in Ahirwala area (unpublished G.SI

report for 1974-75).

14 GSI-WRO-5239