Engineering Mechanics - Dynamics - 9780495295617 - Exercise 102 - Quizlet

5/13/22, 11:12 AM Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics - 9780495295617 - Exercise 102 | Quizlet
Explanations Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics
Exercise 102
Chapter 13, Page 115
Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics

ISBN: 9780495295617
Table of contents
Explanation Verified
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1 of 13
Step 1
We are asked to determine the velocity of the particle as a function of θ and the angle θ
that the particle will lose contact with the surface.
First, we will draw the free body and the mass-acceleration diagrams. From the diagram,
we will formulate the equations of motion and solve for the velocity and the angle θ . The
following equations will be used:
aθ = R ⋅ θ̈ + 2Ṙ ⋅ θ̇
(1)
aR = R̈ − R ⋅ θ̇ 2
(2)
w =m⋅g (3)
v = R ⋅ θ̇ (4)
where:
aθ = transverse component of the acceleration
aR = radial component of the acceleration
v = velocity
R = radial line
θ̇ = angular velocity
θ̈ = angular acceleration
Ṙ = first derivative of the equation
for the radial line
R̈ = second derivative of the equation
for the radial line
w = weight
m = mass
g = acceleration due to gravity
2 of 13
Step 2
Draw the free body and mass-acceleration diagrams.
Formulate the equation of motion in the transverse direction.
↘ + ∑ Fθ = m ⋅ aθ ⇒
w ⋅ sin θ = m ⋅ aθ
Substitute Eqs. (1) and (3).
m ⋅ g ⋅ sin θ = m (R ⋅ θ̈ + 2Ṙ ⋅ θ̇)
g ⋅ sin θ = R ⋅ θ̈ + 2Ṙ ⋅ θ̇ (5)
3 of 13
Step 3
Note that the radius R is constant throughout the path of the particle. Thus, the velocity
and acceleration of the particle relative to the radius is equal to zero. Substitute Ṙ =0
into Eq. (5).
g ⋅ sin θ = R ⋅ θ̈ + 2 (0) ⋅ θ̇
g ⋅ sin θ
θ̈ =
(6)
R
4 of 13
Step 4
Consider the concept of position, velocity, and acceleration. The velocity and
acceleration of the particle is equal to the first and second derivatives of the equation for
the position of the particle with respect to time, respectively. In this case, the position of
the particle is described by the angle θ .
dθ
= θ̇
(7)
dt
dθ̇
= θ̈ (8)
dt
5 of 13
Step 5
Substitute Eq. (8) into Eq. (6) then multiply it to dθ/dθ .
( )
dθ̇ g ⋅ sin θ dθ
=
dt R dθ
g ⋅ sin θ
( )=
dθ̇ dθ

dt dθ R
g ⋅ sin θ
( )=
dθ̇ dθ

dθ dt R
Substitute Eq. (7).
dθ̇ g ⋅ sin θ
⋅ θ̇ =

dθ R
g ⋅ sin θ
θ̇ ⋅ dθ̇ = ⋅ dθ (9)
R
6 of 13
Step 6
Integrate Eq. (9).
g ⋅ sin θ
∫ θ̇ ⋅ dθ̇ = ∫ ⋅ dθ
R
θ̇ 2 g ⋅ cos θ
=− +C (10)
2

7 of 13
Step 7
Let's determine the constant of integration. From the problem, the particle is at rest at
θ = 0. Thus, θ̇ = 0 when θ = 0. Substitute the values into Eq. (10).
0 g ⋅ cos 0
=− +C
2

g
C=
8 of 13
Step 8
Substitute C = g/R into Eq. (10) and solve for the angular velocity.
θ̇ 2 g ⋅ cos θ g
=− +
2

R R
2g 2g ⋅ cos θ
θ̇ = − (11)
R R
9 of 13
Step 9
Use Eq. (4) to solve for the velocity of the particle. Substitute Eq. (11) into Eq. (4).
v = R ⋅ θ̇
2g 2g ⋅ cos θ
= R −
R R

10 of 13
Step 10
Formulate the equation of motion in the radial direction.
↗ + ∑ FR = m ⋅ aR ⇒

FN − w ⋅ cos θ = m ⋅ aR

Substitute Eqs. (2) and (3).
FN − m ⋅ g ⋅ cos θ = m (R̈ − R ⋅ θ̇ 2 )
(12)
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Step 11
As mentioned earlier, R̈ = 0. When the particle loses contact with the surface, there will
be no normal force. Substitute R̈ = 0 and FN = 0 into Eq. (12).
0 − m ⋅ g ⋅ cos θ = m (0 − R ⋅ θ̇ 2 )
−m ⋅ g ⋅ cos θ = m ⋅ R ⋅ θ̇ 2

g ⋅ cos θ = R ⋅ θ̇ 2 (13)
12 of 13
Step 12
Substitute Eq. (11) into Eq. (13). Then, solve for θ .
g ⋅ cos θ = R ( )
2g 2g ⋅ cos θ
−
R R
2g 2g ⋅ cos θ
g ⋅ cos θ = R ( − )
R R
g ⋅ cos θ = 2g − 2g ⋅ cos θ
3 cos θ = 2
2
θ = cos−1 ( )
3

θ = 48.19°
13 of 13
Result
2g 2g ⋅ cos θ
v=R −
R R

θ = 48.19°
Exercise 101 Exercise 103
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5/13/22, 11:12 AM Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics - 9780495295617 - Exercise 102 | Quizlet

Explanations Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics

Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics

Draw the free body and mass-acceleration diagrams.

Formulate the equation of motion in the transverse direction.

Substitute Eqs. (1) and (3).

m ⋅ g ⋅ sin θ = m (R ⋅ θ̈ + 2Ṙ ⋅ θ̇)

g ⋅ sin θ = R ⋅ θ̈ + 2Ṙ ⋅ θ̇ (5)

Substitute Eq. (8) into Eq. (6) then multiply it to dθ/dθ .

Substitute Eq. (7).

Integrate Eq. (9).

Formulate the equation of motion in the radial direction.

Substitute Eqs. (2) and (3).

Exercise 101 Exercise 103

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