Elliptical Head (2:1) evaluate as per ASME Sec VIII Div-1

UG-32(c) and ASME Sec VIII Div-2 para, 4.3.7 and para 4.3.6
The calculation prepared based on PTB-4-2021 4.3.5, E4.3.5 - Elliptical head

Vessel Data:

Material SA-516, Gr 70N

Design temperature Tdes ≔ 300 °F

Inside Diameter D ≔ 90 in Diameter in corroded condition

Thickness tass ≔ 1.125 in Assumed thickness - Uncorroded condition

Corrosion allowance ca ≔ 0.125 in

Allowable stress Sall ≔ 20000 psi

Weld joint efficiency E ≔ 1.0

Modulus of elasticity at design tem. ET ≔ 28.3 ⋅ 10 6 psi

Yield strength at design temp Sy ≔ 33600 psi C3 ≔ Sy

Design Pressure Pdesign ≔ 500 psi

Determine the elliptical head diameter to height ratio, , and adjust for corrosion allowance.

D
head height h ≔ ―= 22.5 in
4
D
k ≔ ―― =2
2h

Dun ≔ D + ((2 ⋅ ca)) = 90.25 in L ≔ D ⋅ ((0.44 k + 0.02)) = 81 in

⎛ 0.5 ⎞
Lun ≔ L + ca = 81.125 in r ≔ D ⋅ ⎜―― - 0.08⎟ = 15.3 in
⎝ k ⎠

run ≔ r + ca = 15.425 in t ≔ tass - ca = 1 in

Section VIII, Division 1 Solution

Evaluate per UG-32(c). Note, the design equations of UG-32(c) are specific to ellipsoidal heads in which
half the minor axis (inside depth of head minus the skirt) equals one–fourth of the inside diameter of the
head skirt. Additionally, if the ratio ⁄ ≥ 0.002, is not satisfied, the rules of Mandatory Appendix 1-4(f)
shall also be met
2 ⋅ Sall ⋅ E ⋅ t
p ≔ ――――= 443.459 psi
D + 0.2 t
 2 ⋅ Sall ⋅ E ⋅ t
p ≔ ――――= 443.459 psi
D + 0.2 t

t |
check1 ≔ if ―― > 0.002 |
Lun |
‖ “the rule of 1-4(f) are not required” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “the rule of 1-4(f) are required” |
‖ |

check1 = “the rule of 1-4(f) are not required”

Commentary:
The design rules of Mandatory Appendix 1-4(c) are also permitted for the design of ellipsoidal heads and are
general in their presentation. The design equations are applicable to ellipsoidal heads with variable ratios of
the major to the minor axis, measured as ⁄2ℎ. Use of the general design equations, however, introduce
potential inconsistencies with the specific equation provided in UG-32(c). These noted inconsistencies do not
produce a significant difference in the required thickness or calculated pressure; however, the increased use
of computer software to perform vessel design calculations exacerbates these inconsistencies and provides a
source of doubt as to the intended accuracy of such numerical analyses

Potential inconsistencies with the use of Appendix 1-4(c) include:

a) Applicability of applying the design corrosion allowance to the major head axis, and the minor head
axis, ℎ when determining the factor , as defined below.

1 ⎛ ⎛ D ⎞2 ⎞
K ≔ ―⋅ ⎜2 + ⎜―― ⎟ ⎟
6 ⎝ ⎝2 h⎠ ⎠

The specific equations provided in UG-32(c) for ellipsoidal heads with a major to minor axis ratio of 2:1
is derived from Equation (1) as follows.

D
For 2: 1 elliptical head, the valve of ―― =2 Therefore K=1
2h
p⋅D⋅K
tmin ≔ ――――――― = 1 in
⎛⎝2 ⋅ Sall ⋅ E⎞⎠ - 0.2 ⋅ p
tpro ≔ tass
result_t ≔ if tpro - ca ≥ tmin |
2 ⋅ Sall ⋅ E ⋅ t ‖ |
pcal ≔ ――――― = 443.459 psi ‖ “safe” |
K ⋅ D + 0.2 ⋅ t |
else
‖ “check the thickness” |
result_t = “safe” tco ≔ tpro - ca ‖ ||

As stated in UG-16(e), “…the dimensional symbols used in all design formulas throughout this Division
represent dimensions in the corroded condition”. If a design corrosion allowance is applied to the major
head axis, and the minor head axis, ℎ when determining the factor , then the specific equations
provided in UG-32(c) for 2:1 ellipsoidal head is no longer applicable as the resulting value of will no
longer produce the coefficient of 1.0 as shown in UG-32(c).

b) Use of Table 1-4.1 to obtain the value of in lieu of the equation as provided in b) above. With
reference to the General Note which states, “Use nearest value of ⁄2ℎ; interpolation unnecessary”
intermediate values of ⁄2ℎ can vary by as much as 7–8%.
Section VIII, Division 2 Solution with VIII-1 Allowable Stresses

Evaluate per VIII-2, paragraph 4.3.7, and paragraph 4.3.6.

Verify that the elliptical head diameter to height ratio, , is within the established limits, permitting the
use of the rules of VIII-2, paragraph 4.3.7.

kratio ≔ if 1.7 ≤ k ≤ 2.2|

‖ “True” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “False” |
‖ |
kratio = “True”

Determine the variables and using the uncorroded inside diameter, .

Proceed with the design following the steps outlined in VIII-2, paragraph 4.3.6.

STEP 1 – Determine, , assume values for , and (determined from paragraph 4.3.7).

r = 15.3 in L = 81 in D = 90 in ⎛⎝tco⎞⎠ = 1 in Refer page -1 calc

STEP 2 – Compute the head ⁄ , ⁄ , and ⁄ ratios and determine if the following equations are
satisfied.

⎛L⎞ | r | ⎛ L ⎞ |
check2 ≔ if 0.7 ≤ ⎜―⎟ ≤ 1.0| check3 ≔ if ―≥ 0.06| check4 ≔ if 20 ≤ ⎜―― ⎟ ≤ 2000|
D
⎝ ⎠ | D | t
⎝ pro ⎠ |
‖ “True” | ‖ “True” | ‖ “True” |
‖ | ‖ | ‖ |
else | else | else |
‖ “False” | ‖ “False” | ‖ “False” |
‖ | ‖ | ‖ |

check2 = “True” check3 = “True” check4 = “True”

STEP 3 – Calculate the geometric constants βth ϕth Rth

⎛ 0.5 ⋅ D - r ⎞ ‾‾‾‾‾
L ⋅ tco
βth ≔ acos ⎜―――― ⎟ = 1.102 rad ϕth ≔ ―――= 0.588 rad
⎝ L-r ⎠ r

Rth ≔ if ϕth < βth |

‖ 0.5 ⋅ D - r |
‖ ――――― |
+r|
‖ cos ⎛⎝βth - ϕth⎞⎠
‖ |
else |
‖ 0.5 ⋅ D |
‖ | Rth = 49.397 in

STEP 4 – Compute the coefficients 1 and 2.

 STEP 4 – Compute the coefficients 1 and 2.

r | r |
C1 ≔ if ―≤ 0.008 | C2 ≔ if ―≤ 0.008 |
D | D |
‖ ⎛r⎞ | ‖ 1.25 |
‖ 9.31 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ - 0.086 | ‖ |
‖‖ ⎝D⎠ | else |
else | ‖ ⎛ r ⎞|
| ‖ 1.46 - 2.6 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ |
‖ ⎛r⎞ ‖‖
‖ 0.692 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + 0.605 | ⎝ D ⎠ ||
‖‖ ⎝D⎠ |
|

C1 = 0.723 C2 = 1.018

STEP 5 – Calculate the value of internal pressure expected to produce elastic buckling of the knuckle Peth

C1 ⋅ ET ⋅ tco 2
Peth ≔ ――――――= 43270.14 psi
⎛ Rth ⎞
C2 ⋅ Rth ⋅ ⎜―― - r⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠

STEP 6 – Calculate the value of internal pressure that will result in a maximum stress in the knuckle
equal to the material yield strength, .
Since the allowable stress at design temperature is governed by time-independent properties, is 3 the
material yield strength at the design temperature, or 3 = .

1) If the allowable stress is established based on 90% yield criterion, then C3 = 1.1Sy
2) If the allowable stress is establised based on 67%yield criterion, then C3 = 1.5Sy

C3 ⋅ tco
Py ≔ ――――――= 1087.704 psi
⎛ Rth ⎞
C2 ⋅ Rth ⋅ ⎜―― - 1⎟
⎝2 r ⎠

STEP 7 – Calculate the value of internal pressure expected to result in a buckling failure of the knuckle Pck

Calculate variable G :

Peth
G ≔ ―― = 39.781
Py

Pck ≔ if G ≤ 1 |
‖ 0.6 ⋅ P |
‖ eth |
else |
‖⎛ |
0.77508 ⋅ G - 0.20354 ⋅ G 2 + 0.01927 G 3 ⎞ |
‖ ⎜――――――――――――――― ⎟ ⋅ P
‖ ⎜⎝ 1 + 0.19014 ⋅ G - 0.089534 ⋅ G 2 + 0.0093965 ⋅ G 3 ⎟⎠ y | Pck = 2187.288 psi
‖ |

STEP 8 – Calculate the allowable pressure based on a buckling failure of the knuckle, Pak

Pck
Pak ≔ ―― = 1458.192 psi
1.5
STEP 9 – Calculate the allowable pressure based on rupture of the crown, Pac

2 ⋅ Sall ⋅ E
Pac ≔ ――― = 490.798 psi
L
― + 0.5
tco

STEP 10 – Calculate the maximum allowable internal pressure, Pa

Pa ≔ min ⎛⎝Pak , Pac⎞⎠ = 490.798 psi

STEP 11 – If the allowable internal pressure computed from STEP 10 is greater than or equal to the design
pressure, then the design is complete. If the allowable internal pressure computed from STEP 10 is less
than the design pressure, then increase the head thickness and repeat STEPs 2 through 10.

MAWP ≔ Pa = 490.798 psi

Result ≔ if Pa < Pdesign |

‖ “The assumed thickness is safe” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Increase the thickness” |
‖ ||

Result = “The assumed thickness is safe”

Prepared by : Robert Anto

contact : robertantoreni@gmail.com
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