1

ALLYN R. MENDEZ
MATHEMATICS TEACHER
QUEZON CITY SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Today’s Lesson:

➢ Graph of Polynomial
Functions
Specific Objectives:

➢determine the graphs of polynomial functions

of the form y = an xn ;
➢Describe the graphs of polynomial functions in
terms of intercepts, multiplicities, and end
behavior.
 FIND YOUR MATCH
Match the assigned function to the
given graphs on the board.
1. y = 𝑥 − 1 𝑥 − 3 (𝑥 − 2)
2. y = 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 + 1 𝑥 + 1 𝑥 − 1
3. y = 𝑥 − 2 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3)
4. 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 − 3
5. 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 − 2 (𝑥 − 1)
Graphs of Polynomial
Functions of the form
y = an x n
The graph of f(x) = x3 and
g(x) = x5 are both symmetric
with respect to the origin.
Domain of f and g: ℝ
Range of f and g: ℝ
The graph of f(x) = x4 and
g(x) = x6 are both symmetric
with respect to the y- axis.
Domain of f and g: ℝ
Range of f and g: [0,+∝]
The coefficients of the graph of
h(x) = -x3, q(x) = -2x3, and
r(x)= -1/2x3 are all negative.
Thus, their graphs are inverted
over the x – axis. Moreover, the
graph of r(x)= -1/2x3 is wider
than the graph of h(x) = -x3.
While the graph of q(x) = -2x3 is
narrower than the graph of
h(x) = -x3.
Properties of the graph of the polynomial
function y = axn
1.The domain is the set of all real numbers.
2. A. If n is odd; the range is the set of all real numbers and the graph is symmetric
over the origin.
B. If n is even, the graph is symmetric over the y- axis and
i. if a < 0, then the range is [0,- ∝, ).
ii. If a > 0, then the range is [0, + ∝).
3. The graph of g(x) = -axn can be obtained by inverting or reflecting the graph of
f(x) = axn over the x- axis.
4. Compared to the graph where |a| = 1,
a. the graph where |a| > 1 is narrower.
b. the graph where 0 < |a| < 1 is wider.
Aside from the Intercepts, what are
the other things that we need to
consider when drawing the graph of a
polynomial function?
MULTIPLICITY OF ZEROS
The multiplicity of a root or zero is found in the exponent of
the factor containing it. This indicates how many times the
expression is taken as a factor.
• If 𝑟 is a zero of odd multiplicity, the graph of (𝑥) crosses the
x-axis at r.
• If 𝑟 is a zero of even multiplicity, the graph of (𝑥) is tangent
to the x-axis at 𝑟.
END BEHAVIOR
EQUATION END BEHAVIOR
DEGREE SIGN OF LEFT RIGHT
LEADING ARROW ARROW
COEFFICIENT EXAMPLES

y = x3

ODD POSITIVE DOWN UP

y = x (x – 1)(x + 2)

y = 1 – x3

ODD NEGATIVE UP DOWN g(x) = -2(x – 4)5 + 3

END BEHAVIOR
EQUATION END BEHAVIOR

DEGREE SIGN OF LEFT ARROW RIGHT

LEADING ARROW EXAMPLES
COEFFICIENT

g(x) = x4 – 3 y = x2 (x +1)4

EVEN POSITIVE UP UP

y = -x2 (x +3)2 y = -x4 +x2 + 6

EVEN NEGATIVE DOWN DOWN

TURNING POINTS
The number of turning points in the graph of a
polynomial is strictly less than the degree of the
polynomial. Also, we must note that;
1. Quartic Functions: have an odd number of turning
points; at most 3 turning points
2. Quintic functions: have an even number of turning
points, at most 4 turning points
3. The number of turning points is at most (𝑛−1)
Illustrative Examples:
1. Describe the behavior of the graph of
f(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 2)

a. x- intercepts-
b. y- intercept-
c. multiplicity of zeros-
d. degree-
e. sign of the leading coefficient-
f. end behavior-
g. no. of turning points-
Illustrative Examples:
1. Describe the behavior of the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑥4 − 5𝑥2 + 4
a. x- intercepts-
b. y- intercept-
c. multiplicity of zeros-
d. degree-
e. sign of the leading coefficient-
f. end behavior-
g. no. of turning points-
 A comprehensive graph of the polynomial
function has the following characteristics:

3. Multiplicity of 6. End behavior

1. All x –
zeros
intercepts (if 7. Number of
4. Degree
they exist) turning points
5. Sign of the
2. y- intercept
leading coefficient
Seatwork # 4
Describe the behavior of the graph of the following functions:
1. 𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 4)
2. 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 + 1)4(𝑥 − 1)
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥3 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1
4. y = x4 + 6x3 – x2 – 6x
a. x- intercepts-
b. y- intercept-
c. multiplicity of zeros-
d. degree-
e. sign of the leading coefficient-
f. end behavior-
g. no. of turning points-
Thank you
and God
bless!