8-8 (Prcjnbgi mb rbkti mb iutcgüvenbs) \ukmcwk Zbkt-i-Lir, uki idbklei drikmb mb rbkti mb
iutcgüvenbs qub cpbri bk bn gbmec cbstb, bsté prbpirikmc su bstritbdei mb irrbkmigebktc
piri ncs seduebktbs sbes gbsbs. \ukmcwk rbkti iutcs mb uk aijreliktb mb vbhçluncs y, nubdc, ncs
rbkti in pÿjnelc pcr mçi. Bk ni seduebktb tijni sb mi uk prcküslc mb mbgikmi piri ncs
iutcgüvenbs mb \ukmcwk bk ncs prüxegcs sbes gbsbs?

Ncs iutcs pubmbk rbktirsb in aijreliktb pcr trbs, luitrc c leklc gbsbs. \b rbktik bn pregbr mçi
mbn gbs y sb rbdrbsik bn ÿngc mçi. Limi sbes gbsbs \ukmcwk kcli in aijreliktb bn kÿgbrc
mb iutcgüvenbs qub kblbsetiré muriktb ncs seduebktbs sbes gbsbs. Bn aijreliktb hi bspunimc
qub in gbkcs 20% mb ncs iutcs rbktimcs muriktb ncs sbes gbsbs mbjbk tbkbr uk lcktritc pcr
leklc gbsbs. Bn lcstc gbksuin mb limi ukc mb ncs trbs pcs mb rbkti bs mb $=:0 pcr trbs
gbsbs, $=00 pcr luitrc gbsbs y $<40 pcr leklc gbsbs. Iltuingbktb, \ukmcwk bkb <50
iutcs. Bn lcktritc scjrb 9:0 iutcs bxperi in kin mb girzc. Bn lcktritc scjrb ctrcs 9=0 bxperi
in kin mb ijren y bn lcktritc scjrb bn rbstc bxperi in kin mb giyc. Rnelb PN piri mbtbrgekir
luéktcs iutcgüvenbs mbjbrçik rbktirsb limi gbs y lck quå pc mb lcktritc, piri gekegezir bn
lcstc mb rbkti piri ncs sbes gbsbs. ³Luéktcs vbhçluncs qubmirçik ni kin mb idcstc3

Xeo 7 kÿgbrc mb kubvcs lcktritcs mb irrbkmigebktc bk bn gbs mb e-o.

Gekegezir lcstc  7 9:10X9< + 9:10X:< + 9:10X<< + 9:10X=< + 8=0X2< + =:0X1< + 9100X9= +

91
9100X
00X:=
:= +9
+910
100X<
0X<=
= + 9:
9:00X
00X == + 80
800X2
0X2=
= + =0
=00X
0X1=
1= + 98
9820X
20X92
92 + 982
9820X
0X:2
:2 + 9=
9=80X
80X<2
<2 +
9990X=2 + 4=0X22 + <40X12

 \uobtc i?

Qireijnbs

X9<? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr < gbsbs

X9=? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr = gbsbs

X92? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr 2 gbsbs

X:<? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr < gbsbs

X:=? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr = gbsbs

X:2? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr 2 gbsbs

X<<? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr < gbsbs

X<=? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr = gbsbs

X<2? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr 2 gbsbs

 

X=<? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr < gbsbs

X==? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr = gbsbs

X=2? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr 2 gbsbs

X2<? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr < gbsbs

X2=? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr = gbsbs

X22? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr 2 gbsbs

X1<? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr < gbsbs

X1=? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr = gbsbs

X12? iutcgüvenbs i irrbkmir pcr 2 gbsbs

9:10x9<+9100x9=+9820x92+9:10x:<+9100x:=+9820x:2+9:10x<<+9100x<=+9820x<2+9:10x
=<+9100x==+x=29820+9:10x2<+9100x2=+9820x22+9:10x1<+9100x1=+9820x12

Zbstrelleckbs
x9<+x9=+x92≢<0

x9<+x9=+x92+x:<+x:=+x:2≢9<0

x9<+x9=+x92+x:<+x:=+x:2+x<<+x<=+x<2≢<00

x9=+x92+x:<+x:=+x:2+x<<+x<=+x<2+x=<+x==+x=2≢=10

x92+x:=+x:2+x<<+x<=+x<2+x=<+x==+x=2+x2<+x2=+x22≢=40

x:2+x<=+x<2+x=<+x==+x=2+x2<+x2=+x22+x1<+x1=+x12≢==0

Xeo;70

E79.:.<.=.2.1

O7<.=.2
  x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x   Z Mes Kbl
9 9 9 : : : < < < = = = 2 2 2 1 1 1 pc bsem
< = 2 < = 2 < = 2 < = 2 < = 2 < = 2 kej im
nb rbin
Qire 0 0 < 0 0 : 0 1 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ijnb 0 0 2 4
s 2 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4  
: 1 8 : 1 8 : 1 8 : 1 8 : 1 8 : 1 8 2
1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 :
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
2
0
Zbst - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 0 ≢ 0
 

relle 0 0 , 0 0 , 0 0 , 0 0 , 0 0 , 0 0 ,
ük , , 2 , , 2 , , 2 , , 2 , , 2 , , 2
Bxtri 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
9- 9 9 9 < ≢ = <5 <0
gir 0 : 0
0
:- 9 9 9 9 9 9 : ≢ = :4 9<0
ijr < 0 0
2 0
<- 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 < ≢ = 9< <00
giy 0 < 0
0 0
=-ouk   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 = ≢ = 0 =10
4 1
0 0
2-oun   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 = ≢ = 0 =40
4 4
0 0
1-   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 = ≢ = 0 ==0
idc = =
0 0
  9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9
9

8-5 Ni dbrbklei mb \ukmcwk Zbkti-i-Lir (våisb bn prcjnbgi 8-8) hi mblememc qub tin vbz bn
lcstc muriktb ncs sbes gbsbs kc bs bn imbluimc piri gekegezir, yi qub ni idbklei pubmb
qubmir
qubmir lck cjnedileckbs
cjnedileckbs mb rbkti muriktb
muriktb gbsbs
gbsbs imeleckinbs
imeleckinbs mbspuås
mbspuås mb ncs sbes gbsbs.
gbsbs. Pcr
bobgpn
bobgpnc,
c, se \ukmcw
\ukmcwk
k rblejb
rblejb indukc
indukcss iutcs
iutcs in prekle
preklepec
pec mbn sbxtc gbs,
gbs, ni idbkle
idbklei
i bst
bstirç
irçi
i
cjnedimi pcr mcs gbsbs gés bk uk lcktritc mb trbs gbsbs. Rnelb PN piri mbtbrgekir luéktcs
iutcs mbjbrçi rbktir limi gbs bk limi pc mb lcktritc, piri gekegezir bn lcstc mb rbkti bk ni
vemi lcgpnbti mb bstcs lcktritcs.
Zbstrelleckbs

X9<+X9=+X92 ≢ <0

X9<+X9=+X92 +X:<+X:=+X:2 ≢ <0

X9<+X9=+X92 +X:<+X:=+X:2 +X<<+X<=+X<2≢ <0

X9=+X92 +X:<+X:=+X:2 +X<<+X<=+X<2+X=<+X==+X=2≢ <0

X92 +X:=+X:2 +X<<+X<=+X<2+X=<+X==+X=2+X2<+X2=+X22≢ <0

X:2 +X<=+X<2+X=<+X==+X=2+X2<+X2=+X22+X1<+L1=+X12≢ <0

 

Qireijn b s X9< X9= X92 X:< X:= X:2 X<< X<= X<2 X=<
0 0 <0 0 0 :
:002 0 12 0 940
9:10 9100 9820 9:10 9100 9820 9:10 9100 9820 9:10
ZB\]ZE -0,2 -0,2 0,2 -0,2 -0,2 0,2 -0,2 -0,2 0,2 -0,2
GIZ 9 9 9
IJZ 9 9 9 9 9 9
GIU 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
ORKE 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

ORN 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
IDC\ 9 9 9 9
9

X=2 X=1 X2< X2= X22 X1< X1= X12

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9100 9820 9:10 9100 9820 9:10 9100 9820 42:520
0,2 - 0,2 -0,2 - 0,2 0,2 - 0,2 - 0,2 0,2 0≢ 0
<0 ≢ =:0 <50 <0
:<2 ≢ =00 :40 9<0
<00 ≢ =<0 9<0 <00
9 9 =40 ≭ =10 0 =10
9 9 9 9 9 =40 ≭ =40 0 =40
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 ==0 ≭ ==0 0 ==0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 ≭
9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9
9

8-99 (Prcjnbgi mb bstritbdei mb girfbkd y aoileük mb prblecs ) Ni bkmi E. Frudbr Piekt ikm

Tinnpipbr bs uk  mestrejuemcr gekcresti drikmb mb ni girli \upbrtrbx mb   tipez mb veken. Frudbr
gbocriré su egidbk bk tcmi ni  leumim mb Geige, se bn seduebktb iùc ncdri vbkmbr gés  qub ctris
bkmis mbn nudir bk luiktc in kÿgbrc tctin mb   rcnncs mb \upbrtrbx. Bs pcsejnb bsgir ni
aukleük mb mbgikmi lcgc sedub?

Kÿgbrc mb rcnncs mb \upbrtrbx vbkmemcs 7 :0 x münirbs distimcs bk pujnelemim + 1.8 x münirbs

gbkcs 2% mb ni likmim ekvbrmi bk ekvbktirec mespckejnb mbjbrçi mbmelirsb i bxhejemcrbs. Bn
girdbk mb dikiklei mb \upbrtrbx bk ctris bkmis nclinbs bsté bktrb :0% y =2%. Frudbr mblemb
qub sbré gbocr qub su girdbk mb dikiklei tigjeåk bstå bk bstb rikdc.

i) Acrgun
Acrgunbb lcgc
lcgc uk prcjnbg
prcjnbgii mb prcdrig
prcdrigileü
ileük
k nekbin.
nekbin.
 j) Zbsubnvi bn prcjnbgi.
l) ³Luén
³Luén bs ni meael
meaelunt
untim
im lck ni rbspub
rbspubsti3
sti3
m) ³Yuå
³Yuå rbstr
rbstrell
elleü
eük
k idrbdir
idrbdirçi
çi33

Qireijnbs
Cjobvc? Gixegezileük mb vbktis :0(x9) +1.8(x:) +9:(x<) -12000(x=)

Qireijnbs
 

X9 7 K mb münirbs distimcs bk pujnelemim

X: 7 K mb münirbs distimcs bk bxhejemcrbs piri nis bkmis

X< 7 K mb münirbs ekvbrmcs bk ekvbktirec mb pipbn tipez mespckejnb

X=7 pcrlbktiob mb girdbk mb dikiklei scjrb bn lcstc mb vbkti in giycrbc mb uk rcnnc

Zbstrelleckbs

X9 ≢<000

X: ≢ 0.02X< 9X: -0.02x<

X= ≢ 0.:0

X= ≭ 0.=2

X9+x:+x<+x=>794000

$P (X9) $EM (X:) $Bx (X<) $ GD Z 

(X=)
:0 1.8 9: 12000
P 9 ≢ <000
Bx 9 -0.02 ≢ 0
Zb 9 ≢ 0.:0
Zb 9 ≭ 0.=2

  x9 x: x< x= Z
Qireijnb 91555,8 0 0 0,:
:0 1,8 9: -12000 $<:1.551,0
0
Prbsupubst 9 9 9 9 94000 ≭ 94000
c
Z9 9 91555,8 ≢ <000
Z: 9 -0,02 0 ≢ 0
Z< 9 0,: ≢ 0,:
Z= 9 0,: ≭ 0,=2

Hilb ainti uki rbstrelleük qub kcs pbrgeti vbr lck bxiltum

8-9: (Prcjnbgi mb sbnblleük mb inegbktcs bk ni ukevbrsemim) Fithy Zckedbr, ni mebsti mb uki

ukevbrsemim pbqubùi,  bs rbspcksijnb mb acrgunir uk pnik mb inegbktcs   kutrevcs piri ncs
bstumeiktbs. Piri uki lcgemi bk ni   tirmb, pebksi qub mbjbrçik lugpnersb ncs seduebktbs   leklc
rbqubrege
rbqubregebktcs
bktcs mb lcktbkemc?
lcktbkemc? 9. bktrb 500 y 9,200  lin
lincrç
crçis6
is6 :. in gbkcs = genedrigcs mb
hebrrc6 <. kc gés mb 20 drigcs mb drisi6 =. in gbkcs :1 drigcs mb prctbçki,  y 2. kc gés mb 20
drigcs mb lirjchemritcs. Bk uk   mçi mimc, bn ekvbktirec mb inegbktcs mb Zckedbr eklnuyb   sebtb
irluncs qub sb pubmbk prbpirir y sbrver mb gikbri qub ni lbki lugpni tinbs rbqubregebktcs.
Bn lcstc  pcr nejri mb limi inegbktc y ni lcktrejuleük mb limi ukc   i ncs leklc rbqubregebktcs
 

kutreleckin
kutreleckinbs
bs bsték mimcs bk  ni seduebktb
seduebktb tijni.  ³Yu
³Yuå
å lcgjek
lcgjekileü
ileük
k y quå likmi
likmimbs
mbs mb
inegbktcs  prcpcrleckiré ni kutreleük qub Zckedbr rbquebrb pcr bn   gbkcr lcstc tctin mb ni
lcgemi3

i) Acrg
Acrgun
unbb lcgc
lcgc uk prcjn
prcjnbg
bgii mb PN.
PN.
 j) ³Luén bs bn lcstc pcr lcgemi3
l) ³Bs bsti uki mebti
mebti jebk
jebk jiniklbi
jiniklbimi3
mi3

Qireijnbs

X97 Likmim mb nblhb

X:7 Likmim mb lirkb gcnemi

X<7 Likmim mb pcnnc.

X=7 Likmim mb pbslimc.

X27 Likmim mb areocnbs.

X17 Likmim mb bspekili.

X47 Likmim mb pipis.

X9 X: X< X= X2 X1 X4

(lcstc) 0,1 :,<2 9,92 :,:2 0,28 9

9,,94 0,<<

Lincrçis NJ :52 9:91 <5= <28 9:8 998 :45 ≢ 50

0

Lincrçis NJ :52 9:91 <5= <28 9:8 998 :45 ≭ 92

 

00

Hebrrc 0,: 0 ,: = ,< <,: <,: 9=,9 :,: ≢ =

(GD/NJ)

Drisi 91 51 5 0,2 0,8 9,= 0,2 ≭ 20

(D/NJ)

Prctbçki 91 89 4= 8< 4 9= 8 ≢ :1
(D/NJ)

Lirjchemrit :: 0 0 0 :8 95 1< ≭ 20
cs (D/NJ)

Z mb kc 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 ≢ 0
kbditevemim

0.1X9+$:.<2X:+$9.92X<+$:.:2X=+$0.28X2+$9.94X1 +$0.<<X4

Z9? :52x9+9:91x:+<5=x<+<28x=+9:8x2+998x1+:45x4 ≭9200

  :52x9+9:91x:+<5=x<+<28x=+9:8x2+998x1+:45x4 ≢500

Z:?0:x9+0:x:+=.<x<+<.:x=+<.:x2+9=.9x1+:.:x4≢=

Z<?91x9+51x:+5x<+0.2x=+0.8x2+9.=x1+0.2x4≭20

Z=?91x9+89x:+4=x<+8<x=+4x2+9=x1+8x4≢:1

Z2? ::x9+0x:+0x<+0x=+:8x2+95x1+1<x4≭20

Xe≢0 e?9:<=214
 

Nb lh
lhb Lirkb G Pcnnc Pb sl
slimc Areocnb s Bs p
peekili Pipis
Z 
X9 X: X< X= X2 X1 X4
Qireijnb s 0 0,=559 0,94:8 0 0 0,902 0,41:
AC (lcs tc) 0,1 :,<2 9,92 :,:2 0,28 9,94 0,<< 9,42
Lincrçis NJ :52 9:91 <5= <28 9:8 998 :45 500 ≢ 500
Lincrçis NJ :52 9:91 <5= <28 9:8 998 :45 500 ≭ 9200
Hebrrc
  0,: 0,: =,< <,: <,: 9=,9 :
:,,: = ≢ =
(GD/NJ)
Drisi
  91 51 5 0,2 0,8 9,= 0,2 20 ≭ 20
(D/NJ)
Prctbçki
  91 89 4= 8< 4 9= 8 10,48 ≢ :1
(D/NJ)
Lirjchemritc
  :: 0 0 0 :8 95 1
1<
< 20 ≭ 20
s (D/NJ)
Kc
  9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9,2= ≢ 0
kbditevemim

Piri gekegezir
gekegezir ncs lcstcs pcr lcgemi
lcgemi y piri sisailbr nis kblbsemimb
kblbsemimbss kutrelecki
kutreleckinbs
nbs Zckedbr
mbjb eklnuer? 0 nj mb nblhb 0.=559 nj mb lirkb gcnemi 0.94:8 nj mb pcnnc 0 nj mb pbslimc 0 nj mb
areocnbs 0.9020 nj mb bspekili 0.41:0 nj mb pipis

0.=559 nj mb lirkb gcnemi x $:.<2 7 9.94

0.94:8 nj mb pcnnc x $9.92 7 0.:0

0.9020 nj mb bspekili x $9.94 70.9:

0.41:0 nj mb pipis x $0.<< 70.:2

Lcstc tctin $9.42

 

Ni mebti se bs jubki, bquenejrimi y b rbin, sek bgjirdc, pcmrçi bxesr ni ultuileük mb prblecs
pcr nc qub bstb prcjnbgi pubmb sbr guy sbksejnb i melhcs ligjecs.

8-9<  (Pr
(Prcjn
cjnbgi
bgi mb prcmul
prcmulleü
leük
k mb inti
inti tbl
tblkcn
kcncdçi) Yuetg
cdçi) Yuetgbybr
bybr Bnbltrckels
Bnbltrckels Ekl. aijreli ncs
seduebktbs
seduebktbs sbes mespcsevc
mespcsevcss pbreaårelcs
pbreaårelcs piri gelrclcgput
gelrclcgputimcris
imcris?? gümbg ektbrkcs, gümbg
gümbg
bxtbrkcs, tirobti mb drélcs, nbltcrbs mb LM, meslcs murcs y tirobtis mb bxpikseük mb gbgcrei.
Limi ukc mb bstcs prcmultcs tålkelcs rbquebrb bgpc, bk gekutcs, scjrb trbs pcs mb bquepc
bnbltrükelc mb prubjis, lcgc sb ekmeli bk ni tijni lcrrbspckmebktb (seduebktb pédeki).

Ncs pregbrcs mcs mespcsevcs

mespcsevcs mb prubji
prubji bsték mespckejnbs
mespckejnbs 9:0 hcris pcr sbgiki.
sbgiki. Bn tbrlb
tbrlbrc
rc
(mespcsevc <) rbquebrb gés giktbkegebktc prbvbkvc y pubmb usirsb tik scnc 900 hcris
sbgikinbs. Bn gbrlimc piri ncs sbes lcgpckbktbs mb lcgputimcri bs bkcrgb y Yuetgbybr
Bnbltrckels lrbb qub pubmb vbkmbr tcmis nis ukemimbs mb limi prcmultc qub pubmi aijrelir. Ni
tijni qub sedub rbsugb ncs ekdrbscs y lcstcs mb gitbreinbs piri limi prcmultc?

Imbgés, ncs lcstcs vireijnbs mb gikc mb cjri sck mb $92 pcr hcri mbn mespcsevc mb pru
prubji
bji
9, $9: pcr hcri mbn mespcsevc mb prubji : y $98 pcr hcri mbn mespcsevc mb prubji <.
Yuetgbybr Bnbltrckels mbsbi gixegezir sus dikikleis

i) Acrgun
Acrgunbb bstb
bstb prcjnbg
prcjnbgii lcgc
lcgc uk gcmbnc
gcmbnc mbmb PN.
PN.
 j) Zbsubnvi bn prcjnbgi pcr lcgputimcri.
lcgputim cri. ³Luén bs ni gbocr gbzlni mb p prcmultcs3
rcmultcs3
l) ³Lué
³Luénn bs bn vinc
vincrr mb uk gek ekut
utcc imel
imelec
ecki
kinn mb tebg
tebgpc
pc pc
pcrr sbgi
sbgiki
ki piri
piri bn
mespc
mespcse
sete
tevc
vc 93 ³P³Pir
irii bn me
mespc
spcset
setev
evc
c :3 ³U piripiri bn mespc
mespcse
sete
tevc
vc <3 ³Mbjb
³Mbjbrç
rçii
Yuetgbybr Bnbltrckels idrbdir gés tebgpc mb mespcsetevc mb prubji3 \e bs isç,
³mb quå bquepc3

R. Meslc ].
Gek Ektbrkc Bxtbrkc Dréali R. LM murc bxpikseük
Mes. 9 (x9) 4 < 9: 1 98 94 1<
 

Mes.: (X:) : 2 < : 92 94 ==

Mes.<( X<) 2 9 < : 5 : ::

R. Meslc ].
Lgc Ektbrkc Bxtbrkc Dréali R. LM murc bxpikseük
Mes. 9 0,:2 0,:2 0,:2 0,:2 0,:2 0,:2 0,:2
Mes.: 0,: 0,: 0,: 0,: 0,: 0,: 0,:

Mes.< 0,< 0,< 0,< 0,< 0,< 0,< 0,<

R. Meslc
Lc Gekutcs Ektbrkc Bxtbrkc Driali R. LM murc ].bxpikleck
Mes. 9 9,42 0,42 < 9,2 =,2 =,:2
Mes.: 0,= 9 0,1 0,= < <,=
Mes.< 9,2 0,< 0,5 0,1 :,4 0,1
Lgc uke <,12 :,02 =,2 :,2 90,: 8,:2

x9 x: x< x= x2 x1
Qireijnb   =51,2 9.:=9,< 0,00 0,0 0,00 0,00
2 8 0
Cjobtevc   919,< 5:,52 9<2, 8:, :=5, 959,4 952.20=,8
2 2 2 8 2 <
Mespcsetevc 0,9: 0,02 0,:0 0,9 0,<0 0,:8 9:0,00 > 9:
9 0 7 0
Mespcsetevc 0,0< 0,08 0,02 0,0 0,:2 0,:8 9:0,00 > 9:
: < 7 0
Mespcsetevc 0,08 0,0: 0,02 0,0 0,92 0,0< 1:,04 > 90
< < 7 0

8-9=  (Prcjnbgi mb mctileük mb pbrsckin mb uk pnikti kulnbir ) \cuth Lbktrin Rnebs iliji
mb ikukleir ni ekiudurileük  bn 9 mb idcstc mbn sbdukmc dbkbrimcr i su  pnikti kulnbir mb Jitck
Zcudb, Ncueseiki. \u mbpirtigbktc   mb pbrsckin bsté meredemc i mbtbrgekir luéktcs   tålkelcs
kulnbirbs kblbseti lcktritir y lipiletir muriktb   nc qub rbsti mbn iùc.   Ni pnikti iltuingbktb
bgpnbi <20 tålkelcs lcgpnbtigbktb   lipiletimcs y prcyblti nis seduebktbs   kblbsemimbs mb
pbrsckin?

\bdÿk ni nby mb Ncueseiki, uk bgpnbimc bk uk rbiltcr mb hblhc kc pubmb trijioir gés mb 9<0

hcris pcr gbs. (Rk pclc gés mb uki hcri pcr mçi sb usi piri bktrir y siner, iltuinezileük mb
rbdestrcs y ikéneses gåmelc meirec pcr ni rimeileük). Ni pcnçli mb \cuth Lbktrin Rnebs tigjeåk
 

melti qub kc sck ilbptijnbs ncs mbspemcs bk ncs gbsbs bk qub ni pnikti kulnbir bkb gés
pbrsckin mbn kblbsirec. Bktcklbs, se sb mespckb mb gés pbrsckin lipiletimc mbn kblbsirec bk
luinquebr gbs, limi trijioimcr rblejb su pidi lcgpnbti, iukqub kc hiyi semc rbqubremc piri
trijio
trijioir
ir nis 9<0 hcris.
hcris. Ni lipile
lipiletil
tileük
eük mb ncs kubvcs
kubvcs bgpnb
bgpnbimc
imcss bs uk prc
prclbm
lbmege
egebkt
bktc
c
egpcrtiktb y lcstcsc. ]cgi uk gbs mb ekstrulleük ukc i ukc bk bn sinük mb lnisbs, iktbs mb
qub sb pbrgeti i uk kubvc tålkelc trijioir scnc bk ni ekstinileük mbn rbiltcr. Pcr nc tiktc,
\cuth Lbktrin mbjb lcktritir i ncs tålkelcs iprbkmelbs uk gbs iktbs mb qub sb kblbsetbk. Limi
iprbkmez hilb bquepc lck uk tålkelc kulnbir bxpbregbktimc y rbquebrb 50 hcris mbn bgpc mb
bsb bgpnbimc, nc luin sedkeli qub bsb gbs sb mespckb mb 50 hcris gbkcs mbn bgpc mbn
tålkelc piri trijioir bk bn rbiltcr.

Ncs rbdest
rbdestrcs
rcs mbn mbpirt
mbpirtigb
igbktc
ktc mb pbrsck
pbrsckin
in ekmeli
ekmelik
k uki tis
tisi
i mb rctile
rctileük
ük mb tålkel
tålkelcs
cs
lipiletimcs mb 2% in gbs. Bk ctris pinijris, lbrli mb 2% mb ncs bgpnbimcs bxpbregbktimcs in
ekelec mb luinquebr gbs rbkukleik in kin mb bsb gbs. Rk tålkelc lipiletimc diki uk sinirec
prcgbmec gbksuin mb $:,000 (sek egpcrtir bn kÿgbrc mb hcris qub trijioü, lcgc yi sb meoc).
Yuebkbs bsték bk lipiletileük dikik $500 muriktb bn gbs mb ekstrulleük.

i) Acrgun
Acrgunbb bstb prcjn
prcjnbgi
bgi mb
mb mctileük
mctileük mb pbrsc
pbrsckin
kin lck
lck PN.
 j) Zbsubnvi bn prcjnbgi, ³luéktcs iprbkmelbs mbjbk ekeleir
ek eleir limi gbs3