METODA E FORCAVE

TE DHENAT:

a = 4m b = 3m h = 3m
q = 12 kN ml P = qa = 48kN M = qa 2 = 192kN  m
EI = 42500kNm 2 = 4.25  108 kN  cm 2
b = 0.4m
Seksioni terthor: 
h = 0.6 m
A = b  h = 0.24m 2
b  h3
I= = 0.0072m 4
12
1-Analiza kinematike e skemës

L = 3K − SH = 3  1 − 1 = 2
L = 2  Sistem 2 here Statikisht
i Pacaktuar

2-Diskretizimi i skemës.

3-Ekuivalentimi i ngarkesave nyjore.

a)Ndertojme sistemin baze sipas metodes se deformimeve
b)Epjurat prej forcave jo -nyjore

c)Skema me forcat nyjore totale

c)Skema me forcat nyjore te riorganizuara

4-Vektori i forcave nyjore
 P1  12 
P   
 2  8 
 P3  12 
P6 X 1 =   =  
 P4  8 
 P5  192 
   
 P6   48 

5-Vektori i forcave te brendshme

6-Ndertimi i sistemit baze dhe epjurave te momentit ne sistemin baze.

a)Sistemi baze
b)Epjurat ne sistemin baze.
7-Matrica e fleksibilitetit per elementet e struktures.

h 2 1 3 2 1  1 6 3
1  = = =
6 EI 1 2  6 EI 1 2  6 EI  3 6 
a
2 1 2 2 1  1 4 2
 2  =  3  = 2   = =
6 EI 1 2  6 EI 1 2  6 EI  2 4 
b 2 1  3 2 1  1 6 3 
 4  = = =
6 EI 1 2  6 EI 1 2  6 EI  3 6 
b 3 6 1
 5  = 1 = 1 = 1 =  6
3EI 3EI 6 EI 6 EI
b 2 3 2 6 2 1
 6  = 1 = 1 = 1 = 6 2 
3EI 3EI 6 EI 6 EI  

8-Matrica e fleksibilitetit te struktures.

6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
3 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

1  0 0 0 0 0  0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 
   
 0  2  0 0 0 0  0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 0 0  3  0 0 0  1 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 
f =  0 = * 
 0 0  4  0 0  6 EI 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0  5  0  0 0 0 0 0 0 6 3 0 0 
   
 0 0 0 0 0  6  0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 0 0 
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 
 
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 
9-Llogarisim te panjohurat X

 X 2 X 1 =  X 2 X 7  P7 X 1
ku:


X  2X 7
= −  Dxx 2 X 2   Dxp 
−1
2X 7

   Dxx  = bx T   f   bx 

  2X 2 2X 7 7X 7 7X 2
   Dxp  = bx 2 X 7   f 7 X 7  bp 
T
    2X 7 7X 7

-Matrica p rej forcave nyjore -Matrica prej forcave njesi

0 −1 −2 1 −1 −10  0 4
0 −1 −2  −3 4 
 1 −1 −10   
0 0 −2 1 −1 −10   −3 4 
   
0 0 0 1 −1 −8   −3 2 
0 0 0 0 −1 −8   −3 2 
bp  =  bx 10 X 2 = 
6X 6
0 0 0 0 −1 −6   −3 0 
0 0 0 0 0 −6   −3 0 
   
0 0 0 0 0 −3   − 3 − 3 
0 0 0 0 0 −3  0 0
   
0 0 0 0 0 0   3 3 
 D1 1  = bx 2 X 10   f 10 X 10  bx 10 X 2
T
2X 2

6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  
3 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  
 
0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0  
 
0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0  
1  0 −3 −3 −3 −3 −3 −3 −3 0 3 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0  
=   
6 EI  4 4 4 2 2 0 0 −3 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0  
0 0 0 0 0 0 6 3 0 0  
  
0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 0 0  
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0  
  
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2  

1  508.4 −94.6 
 D1 1  = 
2X 2 6 EI  −94.6 546.4 

 D1 0  = bx 2 X 10   f 10 X 10  bp 

T
2X 6 10 X 6

6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 −1 −2
3 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 −1 −2
 
0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 −2
 
0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0
1  0 −3 −3 −3 −3 −3 −3 −3 0 3 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0  0 0 0
=   
6 EI  4 4 4 2 2 0 0 −3 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0  0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 6 3 0 0  0 0 0
  
0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 0 0  0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0  0 0 0
  
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2  0 0 0

1 0 27 90 −63 99 1089 
 D1 0  = 
2X 6 6 EI 0 −72 −184 108 −120 −1028
 X  = −  D
−1

11 2X 2   D1 0 
2X 6

 0.002 4  10−4  0 27 90 −63 1089 

99
= −   
 4  10
−4
0.002  0 −72 −184 108 −120 −1028
0 −0.03 −0.12 0.09 −0.16 −1.85
 
X =
0 0.127 0.316 −0.18 0.192 1.561 

 X  =  X 2 X 6  P6 X 1
12 
4 
 
 0 −0.03 − 0.12 0.09 − 0.16 − 1.85  12  −120 
=   =  
0 0.127 0.316 −0.18 0.192 1.561   4  114.9 
192 
 
48 
 X 1  −120 
 =  kN
 2
X 114.9 

10-Llogaritja e forcave te brendshme dhe ndertimi i epjurave te tyre.

 F  P =  F  +  F r
ku:
 F  = b 10 X 6   P6 X 1
 10 X 1
 ku:

b 10 X 6 = bp 
 10 X 6
+ bx 10 X 2  X   2X 6
b10 X 6 = bp 10 X 6 + bx 10 X 2   X 2 X 6
0 −1 −2 1 −1 −10   0 4 
0 −1 −2 1 −1 −10   −3 4 

0 0 −2 1 −1 −10   −3 4 
   
0 0 0 1 −1 −8   −3 2 
0 0 0 0 −1 −8   −3 2  0 −0.03 −0.12 0.09 −0.16 −1.85
= + 
0 0 0 0 −1 −6   −3 0  0 0.127 0.316 −0.18 0.192 1.561 
0 0 0 0 0 −6   −3 0 
   
0 0 0 0 0 −3   −3 −3
0 0 0 0 0 −3   0 0 
   
0 0 0 0 0 0   3 3 

0 −0.49 −0.73 0.272 −0.23 −3.76 

0 −0.4 −0.38 0.002 0.245 1.798 

0 0.595 −0.38 0.002 0.245 1.798 
 
0 0.342 0.987 0.366 −0.14 0.676 
0 0.342 0.987 −0.63 −0.14 0.676 
b10 X 6 = 
0 0.089 0.354 −0.27 −0.52 −0.45 
0 0.089 0.354 −0.27 0.477 −0.45 
 
0 −0.29 −0.59 0.276 −0.1 −2.13 
0 0 0 0 0 −3 
 
0 0.291 0.594 −0.28 0.099 −0.87 

F 10 X 1 = b 10 X 6  P6 X 1

0 −0.49 −0.73 0.272 −0.23 −3.76   −234 
0 −0.4 −0.38 0.002 0.245 1.798  127.2 
  
0 0.595 −0.38 0.002 0.245 1.798  12  131.2 
   
0 0.342 0.987 0.366 −0.14 0.676  4   20.48 
0 0.342 0.987 −0.63 −0.14 0.676  12  16.48 
=   =  
0 0.089 0.354 −0.27 −0.52 −0.45  4   −118 
0 0.089 0.354 −0.27 0.477 −0.45  192  73.73 
     
0 −0.29 −0.59 0.276 −0.1 −2.13  48  −128 
0 0 0 0 0 −3  −144 
   
0 0.291 0.594 −0.28 0.099 −0.87  −15.6 
 F r → Forcat e brendshme reaktive
 0 
−25 
 
−25 
 
F r = F7 X 1 = −10.7 
−10.7 
 
 0 
 0 
 

 −234  0   −234.5 
127.2  0   127.23 
     
131.2   −4   127.23 
     
 20.48 −4
    16.48 
16.48  0   16.48 
 F  P =  F  +  F r = + =  
 −118  0  −118.27 
73.73  0  73.73 
     
−128  0   −128.39 
−144  0   −144 
     
−15.6  0   −15.61 
METODA E DEFORMIMEVE
Duke patur parasysh skem ën, për thjeshtësi llogaritjesh, heqim konsolin dhe forca P
vepruese “transportohet” në nyjen 5. Paraqesim ndryshimin n ë skemën e mëposhtme:

1-Diskretizimi i skemës.

2-Sistemet koordinative dhe indeksimi i shkalleve te lirise.

3-Ekuivalentimi i ngarkesave me forca nyjore.
a)Nde rtojme sistemin baze sipas metodes se deformimeve

b)Epjurat prej forcave jo -nyjore

c)Skema me forcat (reaksionet) nyjore

4-Matricat e ngurtesise se elementeve ndaj akseve lokale&globale.
a)Elementi 1

0 1 0 0 0 0
 −1 0 0 0 0 0 

0 0 1 0 0 0
 1 = 900   R  1 =  
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 −1 0 0 
 
0 0 0 0 0 1

 Ah 2 Ah 2 
 0 0 − 0 0 
 300 0 0 −300 0 0 
 I I   
 0 12 6h 0 −12 6h   0 12 18 0 −12 18 
 4h 2 −6h 2h 2  EI  0 −18 18 
EI  0 6h 0 18 36 0
k  1 = 3 =
*
 
h  Ah 2 Ah 2  h3  −300 0 0 300 0 0 
− 0 0 0 0 
 0
 I I  −12 −18 0 12 −18
 
 0 −12 −6h 0 12 −6h   0 18 18 0 −24 36 
 0 2h 2 −6h 4h 2 
 6h 0

 k  1 =  R 1   k  1   R 1
T *
  12 0 −18 −12 0 −18
 0 300 0 0 −300 0 

EI  −18 0 36 18 0 18 
k  1 = 3  
h  −12 0 18 12 0 18 
 0 −300 0 0 300 0 
 
 −18 0 18 18 0 36 

 18889 0 −28333 −18889 0 −28333

 0 472222 0 0 −472222 0 

 −28333 0 56667 28333 0 28333 
k  1 =  
 −18889 0 28333 18889 0 28333 
 0 −472222 0 0 472222 0 
 
 −28333 0 28333 28333 0 56667 

b)Elementi 2

1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 

0 0 1 0 0 0
 2 = 00   R  2 = 
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
 
0 0 0 0 0 1
  Aa 2 Aa 2 
 0 0 − 0 0 
 4I 4I 
 0

12 ( 2)
6 a 0 −12 6 a( )
2 

 2
6(a ) 4(a ) −6 ( a ) ( )
2

EI  0 2 a
2 
0
k  2 =
2 2 2
*
3  
( )
2
 − Aa Aa 2
0 
a
2  0 0 0
4I 4I
 
 0

−12 ( 2)
−6 a 0 12 ( )
−6 a 
2 
6(a ) 2(a ) −6 ( a ) ( )
 2 2

 0 0 4 a
2 2 2 2 

 133 0 0 −133 0 0 
 0 12 12 0 −12 12 

EI  0 12 16 0 −12 8 
=  
( )  −133 0
3
a 0 133 0 0 
2 
0 −12 −12 0 12 −12 
 
 0 12 8 0 −12 16 

 k  2 =  R 2   k  2   R 2
T *

 133 0 0 −133 0 0 
 0 12 12 0 −12 12 

EI  0 12 16 0 −12 8 
k  2 = 3  
( )
a
2 
 −133 0
0
0
−12 −12
133
0
0 0 
12 −12 
 
 0 12 8 0 −12 16 

 708333 0 0 −708333 0 0 
 0 63750 63750 0 −63750 63750 

 0 63750 85000 0 −63750 42500 
k  2 = 
 −708333 0 0 708333 0 0 
 0 −63750 −63750 0 63750 −63750 
 
 0 63750 42500 0 −63750 85000 
c)Elementi 3

1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 

0 0 1 0 0 0
 3 = 00   R  3 = 
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
 
0 0 0 0 0 1

 Aa 2 Aa 2 
 0 0 − 0 0 
 4I 4I 
 0

12 ( 2)
6 a 0 −12 ( )
6 a
2 

 2
6(a ) 4(a ) −6 ( a ) ( )
2

EI  0 2 a
2 
0
k  3 =
2 2 2
*
3  
( )
2
 − Aa Aa 2
0 
a
2  0 0 0
4I 4I
 
 0

−12 ( 2)
−6 a 0 12 ( )
−6 a 
2 
6(a ) 2(a ) −6 ( a ) ( )
 2 2

 0 0 4 a
2 2 2 2 

 133 0 0 −133 0 0 
 0 12 12 0 −12 12 

EI  0 12 16 0 −12 8 
= 3  
( )
a
2 
 −133 0
0
0
−12 −12
133
0
0 0 
12 −12 
 
 0 12 8 0 −12 16 

 k  3 =  R 3   k  3   R 3
T *

 133 0 0 −133 0 0 
 0 12 12 0 −12 12 

EI  0 12 16 0 −12 8 
 k 3 = 3  
( )
a
2 
 −133 0
0
0
−12 −12
133
0
0 0 
12 −12 
 
 0 12 8 0 −12 16 
  708333 0 0 −708333 0 0 
 0 63750 63750 0 −63750 63750 

 0 63750 85000 0 −63750 42500 
 k 3 = 
 −708333 0 0 708333 0 0 
 0 −63750 −63750 0 63750 −63750
 
 0 63750 42500 0 −63750 85000 

d)Elementi 4

1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 

0 0 1 0 0 0
 4 = 00   R  4 = 
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
 
0 0 0 0 0 1

 Ab 2 Ab 2 
 0 0 − 0 0 
 300 0 0 −300 0 0 
 I I   0
 0 12 6b 0 −12 6b   12 18 0 −12 18 
 0 6b 4b 2 0 −6b 2b 2  EI  0 18 36 0 −18 18 
EI
k  4 = 3  =
*
 
b  Ab 2 Ab 2  b3  −300 0 0 300 0 0 
− 0 0 0 0 
 0
 I I  −12 −18 0 12 −18
 
 0 −12 −6b 0 12 −6b   0 18 18 0 −18 36 
 0 2b 2 −6b 4b 2 
 6b 0

 k  4 =  R 4   k  4   R 4
T *

 300 0 0 −300 0 0 
 0 12 18 0 −12 18 

EI  0 18 36 0 −18 18 
k  4 = 3 
b  −300 0 0 300 0 0 
 0 −12 −18 0 12 −18
 
 0 18 18 0 −18 36 
  472222 0 0 −472222 0 0 
 0 18889 28333 0 −18889 9000 

 0 28333 56667 0 −28333 28333 
k  4 = 
 −472222 0 0 472222 0 0 
 0 −18889 −28333 0 18889 −28333
 
 0 28333 28333 0 −28333 56667 

e)Elementi 5

 −0.707 −0.707 0 0 0 0
 0.707 −0.707 0 0 0 0 

 0 0 1 0 0 0
 5 = −1350   R  5 = 
 0 0 0 −0.707 −0.707 0 
 0 0 0 0.707 −0.707 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 1

 A
(b 2 ) ( ) 
2 2
A b 2
 0 0 − 0 0 
 I I 
 


0 12 ( )
6 b 2 0 −12 ( )
6 b 2 

 6 (b 2 ) 4 (b 2 ) −6 ( b 2 ) ( )
2 b 2 
2 2

EI  0 0

k  5
*
= 3  
( )
b 2  A ( b 2 )
2
(
A b 2 )
2

− 0 0 0 0 
 I I 


0 −12 (
−6 b 2 ) 0 12 (
−6 b 2 

)
 2
( ) 2 (b 2 ) ( )
2
 0 6 b 2 0 −6b 4 b 2 


 599.3 0 0 −599.3 0 0 
 0 12 25.44 0 −12 25.44 

EI  0 25.44 71.91 0 −25.44 35.95 
= 3 
b  −599.3 0 0 599.3 0 0 
 0 −12 −25.44 0 12 −25.44 
 
 0 25.44 35.95 0 −25.44 71.91 
 k  5 =  R 5   k  5   R 5
T *

 306 294 18 −306 −294 18 

 294 306 −18 −294 −306 −18
 
EI  18 −18 72 −18 18 36 
k  5 = 3 
b  −306 −294 −18 306 294 −18
 −294 −306 18 294 306 18 
 
 18 −18 36 −18 18 72 

 170405 163714 10030 −170405 −163714 10030 

 163714 170405 −10030 −163714 −170405 −10030
 
 10030 −10030 40094 −10030 10030 20047 
k  4 = 
 −170405 −163714 −10030 170405 163714 −10030
 −163714 −170405 10030 163714 170405 10030 
 
 10030 −10030 20047 −10030 10030 40094 
5-Matrica e pergjithshme e struktures
a)Matrica e struktures

Kjo matrice eshte singolare ( ‘’e degjener uar’’, me percakt or te barabarte me zero) dhe nuk mund te perdoret drejtperdrejte per
gjetjen e zhvendosjeve te panjohura. Per ta ate te perdorshm e per llogaritje duhet qe ne ekuacionin m atricor per kates te M D -së te
elem inohen varesite linear e. Per kete qellim, ne strukture identifikohen zhvendosjet qe jan te barabarta me zero. Te tilla jan a to te
lidhjeve me token.
Ne rast in tonë: u1 = u2 = u3 = u16 = u17 = 0

b)Riorganizimi i matrices
Shenim: Shtyllat dhe rreshtat e shenuara me te verdhe, paraqesin vlerat per kushtet kufitare. Zhvendosjet zero.

Matrica e riorganizuar (e parcelizuar) e ngurtesise se struktures:

Pas ‘’or ganizimit ’’ te matrices se ngurtesise, ekuacionet e MD -së do te shkruhen ne
formen:
 k 11  k 12  U u  Pk 
 =

 k 21  k 22  U k  Pu 
U k − zhvendosjet e njohura
U u − zhvendosjet e panjohura
ku:
Pk − forcat e njohura nyjore, te aplikuara sipas zhvendosjeve te panjohura U u
Pu − forcat e panjohura nyjore, qe u korespondojne zhvendosjeve te njohura U k
6-Percaktimi i reaksionve te lidhjeve me token
a)Percaktimi i zhvendosjeve te panjohura
U u =  k  11  Pk
−1

U 4   0  PU 4  0.011959 
U   −12  P  
 5   U 5  0.000089 
U 6   −4  PU 6  −0.00353 
     
U 7   0  PU 7  0.012137 
U8   −12  PU 8 −0.00197 
     
U9   4  PU 9  0.000625 
     
U u = U10  =  k  11   0  PU 10 =  0.012314 
−1

U   0 P  −0.00138 
 11    U 11  
U12   192  PU 12 −0.00107 
U     
 13   0  PU 13  0.012581 
U14   −48  PU 14  −0.00211
     
U15   −144  PU 315  −0.00175 
U18   0  PU 18  0.01119 

b)Llogaritja e reaksioneve.
R = Pu + P0
R =  k  21  U u + P0
−119.82   0  −119.82 U1
 −42.89   0   −42.89  U
      2
R =  236.4  +  0  =  236.4  U 3
 119.82   0   119.82 U
      16
 66.89  48  114.89 U17
7-Percaktimi i forcave te brendshme ne cdo element
Per cdo element per caktojme forcat e br endshme nisur nga shprehja :
Pi =  k i  U i + Pi,0
Pi − forcat e brendshme te elementit
U i − zhvendosjet e elementit
ku:
Pi,0 − vektori i forcave te brendshme te konceptuara si reaksione ne skemen me
inkastrime ideale.

• Elementi 1

 12 0 −18 −12 0 −18  0  0 −119.82 

 0 300 0 0 −300 0   0  0   −42.89 
     
EI EI  −18 0 36 18 0 18   0   0   236.4 
P1,U =  k 1  U 1 + P1,0 = 3 3  + =  
h h  −12 0 18 12 0 18  0.011959  0  119.82 
 0 −300 0 0 300 0  0.000089  0   42.89 
       
 −18 0 18 18 0 36  −0.00353 0  123.01 

• Elementi 2
 133 0 0 −133 0 0   0.011959252   0   119.82 
 0 12 12 0 −12 12   0.00009  12   −42.89 

EI  0 12 16 0 −12 8   −0.003534033  4   −123.01
P2, U =  k  2  U 2 + P2 ,0 = 3   +  =  
( )
a
2 
 −133 0
0
0
−12 −12
133
0
0 0   0.012136804   0  −119.82
12 −12  −0.001969706  12   42.89 
       
 0 12 8 0 −12 16   0.000624505  −4   30.04 

• Elementi 3

 133 0 0 −133 0 0   0.012136804   0  −119.82

 0 12 12 0 −12 12  −0.001969706  12   −66.89 

EI  0 12 16 0 −12 8   0.000624505   −4   −30.04 
P3, U =  k  3  U 3 + P3,0 = 3   + =  
( )
a
2 
 −133 0
0
0
−12 −12
133
0
0 0   0.012314356   0   119.82 
12 −12   −0.001378998  0   66.89 
       
 0 12 8 0 −12 16  −0.001072459  192  −120.55

• Elementi 4
 300 0 0 −300 0 0   0.012314356   0  −119.82
 0 12 18 0 −12 18  −0.001378998  0   −66.89 

EI  0 18 36 0 −18 18  −0.001072459  192.00  −71.45 
P4, U =  k  4  U 4 + P4 ,0 = 3  + = 
b  −300 0 0 300 0 0   0.012580684   0   119.82 
 0 −12 −18 0 12 −18 −0.002107068  48   66.89 
       
 0 18 18 0 −18 36   −0.00174991   144   −129.21
8-Ndertimi i diagramave perfundimtare te forcave te brendshme nga
kombinimi i elementeve te mesiperm.