Problem 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total

Points 4 7 4 15 12 10 7 10 7 13 11 100
Score

MATH 2331 Exam 1 Name____Solution____ Summer II 2014 (A)

(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers)

1. (2 points for each) Determine which of the following matrices are in reduced row echelon form.

0 1 0 8 0
1 1 0 1 0  0 0 1 2 0
(a) 0 0 1 1 0 (b)  
  0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1  
0 0 0 0 0
Yes Yes
1 2 2  1
2. (7 points) Let A  2 4 3 3  . Find the rank of A.
3 6 8  1 

1 2 2  1 1 2 2  1 1 2 2  1 1 2 0 9 1 2 0 9
A  2 4 3 3   0
 0 
 1 5   0 0 1  5  0
 0 1  5  0
 0 1  5
     
3 6 8  1  0 0 2 2  0 0 2 2  0 0 0 12 0 0 0 1 

1 2 0 0
 0 0 1 0  Rank (A) = 3.
0 0 0 1 


3. The reduced row-echelon form of the augmented matrices B   A  b  of the system
 
1 4 0 3  2 
of equations is 0 0 1 0   3
 
0 0 0 0  0 

(i) (2 points) Find the rank of A. (ii) (2 points) How many solutions does the systems have?

Ans: 2 Ans: Infinitely many solutions

1
 (A)
 x1  3x 2  5 x4  3 x5  0

4. Consider the system of equations  2 x1  7 x 2  2 x3  x4  x5  2
 x2  x4  x5  6


(a) (2 points) Write down the augmented matrix of this system.

1 3 0 5  3  0
2 7 2 1 1  2
 
0 1 0  1  1  6 

(b) (8 points) Find the reduced row-echelon form of the augmented matrix.

1 3 05  3  0 1 3 05  3 0  1 0 6  24   6
32
2 7 2 1 1  2  0
 1  2  9 7  2  0
 1 2 9 7 2 
     
0 1 0  1  1  6  0 1 0  1  1 6  0 0 2 8  8 4 

1 0  24   6
6 32 1 0 0 80   18
 0 1 2 9 7 2   0 1 0 1 1  6 
   
0 0 1 4  4  2  0 0 1 4  4  2 

(c) (5 points) Find the solution to the system of equations.

Leading variables are x1 , x 2 , and x3 ; non-leading variables are x 4 and x5 .

 x1  8 x 4  18  x1  18  8 x 4
 
 x2  x3  x4 6   x 2  6  x3  x4
 x3  4 x 4  4 x5  2 x  2  4x  4x
  3 4 5

 x1  18  8s

Let x 4  s and x5  t . Then  x2  6  s  t
 x  2  4 s  4t
 3

 x1    18  8s    18  8  0
x   6 st   6  1  1 
 2        
The solution:  x 3  =  2  4 s  4t  =  2  + s   4 + t  4 , where s and t are any real numbers.
         
 x4   s   0  1  0
 x 5   t   0  0  1 

2
 (A)
 
5. (3 points for each) For a linear system A x  b , you are given the rank of the coefficient matrix A. In each
case indicate whether the system could have no solution, one solution, or infinitely many solutions.

#(equations) #(variables) rank (A) Possible # (solutions)

5 7 4 Infinitely many solutions or no solution

6 6 5 Infinitely many solutions or no solution

7 6 6 One solution or no solution

4 6 4 Infinitely many solutions

6. (2 points for each) Circle True or False.


Let A be the coefficient matrix and B   A  b  the augmented matrix of a system of 7
 
equations in 8 variables. (This system is for the following questions (a) --- (d)). Then

(a) True False B is a 7  8 matrix.

(b) True False rank(A)  7.

(c) True False If rank(A) = 6, then this system has infinitely many solutions.

(d) True False If rank(A) = 7, then this system has exactly one solution.

(e) True False If a system of 6 equations in 6 variables has infinitely many solutions then the
rref of the coefficient matrix is the identity matrix.

 7  1    1
7. (7 points) Express the vector  3  as a linear combination of  1  and  2  .
   
 11  1  4 
 7  1    1 x  y7
      
Let  3  = x  1 + y  2   x  2y  3
   
 11  x  4 y  11
 1  4  
 1 1  7   1  1  7  1 1  7  1 0  17 / 3
1 2  3   0 3  4   0 1  4/3   0
 1   4 / 3
       
  1 4   11  0 3   4  0 3   4   0 0  0 

 17  7  1   1
 x  3   17   4  
 Therefore,  3  =  1 + ( )  2
y   4 3   3  
 11   1  4 
 3
3
 7  1
 x1 
8. Consider the linear transformation T from R to R given by T    x1 8   x 2  4  .
2 3  
 x2  9   6 
(a) (5 points) Find the matrix A of T.

 7   1 7 7  1   1
T (e )  T  1  1  8   0   4   8  and T ( e )  T 0  0  8   1   4    4 
 1  0         2  1       
   
9  6  9 9  6   6 

 
7  1
 
The matrix A  T ( e1 ) T ( e2 )  8 4 
   
9 6 

 5
(b) (5 points) Compute the T   .
2 

7  1 7  1   37
 5   5
T   = 8 4    = (5)  8  2  4 =   32
     
2    2       
9 6  9  6    33

9. (7 points) Consider the linear transformation T: R 2  R 2 rotating a vector counterclockwise through an


angle and then dilating the resultant vector by a factor of 4. Find the matrix representing T.
3

    1 3
 cos  sin    
 3 3 2 2
The matrix of rotation through an angle is A     
3 sin  cos
   3 1 
 3 
3   2 2 

 4 0
The matrix of dilation by a factor of 4 is B   .
0 4
1 3
   2  2 3 
 4 0  2 2
Therefore, the matrix representing T is B  A      
0 4   3 1  2 3 2 
 2 2 


4
 4   5 

10. Let L be the line in R that consists of all scalar multiples of the vector   3 , and v   10
3    in R 3 .

 0   7 

(a) (8 points) Find the orthogonal projection of the vector v onto the line L.
4   4/5 
  3  4 2  ( 3) 2  0 2  5 ; so a unit vector on the line L is 
u =   3 / 5 .
   
 0   0 

The orthogonal projection of the vector v onto the line L

 4 / 5   5   4/5   4 / 5    8
   
= proj L v = ( u  v ) u = (   3 / 5   10 )   3 / 5 = (10)   3 / 5 =  6 
         
 0    7   0   0   0 

(b) (5 points) Using the answer in (a), find the reflection of the vector v about the line L.

  8   5   11
  
ref L v = 2  proj L v  v = 2   6    10   2 
   
 0    7   7 
  1
11. (a) (6 points) Find the matrix A of the projection : R 2  R 2 onto the line spanned by v =   .
 2
 1 1  1 / 5  1  1  1 / 5  1 / 5  1 / 5  1 / 5 
u      ; T (  0 )  (  0    )    (1 / 5 )    and
5 2 2 / 5      2 / 5   2 / 5  2 / 5  2 / 5

 0 0 1 / 5  1 / 5  1 / 5  2 / 5 1 / 5 2 / 5 
T ( )  (    )    (2 / 5 )    . So the matrix A   .
1  1  2 / 5  2 / 5  2 / 5  4 / 5 2 / 5 4 / 5

1 1  1 / 5  1 2  u12 u1 u 2  1 / 5 2 / 5 
Or using the formula: u  2    , u1  and u2  . A  2
 
5   2 / 5  5 5 u1u 2 u 2   2 / 5 4 / 5

2   1
(b) (5 points) Find the rotation matrix B that transforms   into   .
  1 2
a  b 2 2
Let the rotation matrix B  
b a  , where a  b  1
 
 4
 a
a  b  2    1  2a  b  1  5  4 / 5  3 / 5
b   1   2      So the matrix B  
 a        a  2b  2 b  3 3 / 5  4 / 5
 5