MATRICES

3.MATRICES

IPE WEIGHTAGE [7+7+4+2+2=22 MARKS]

 MATRICES

Exercise : 3(a )
Question

I . Write the following as a sin gle matrix

i ) 2 1 3  0 0 0

Sol :

2 1 3  0 0 0  2  0 1  0 3  0

 2 1 3
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Question

I . Write the following as

a sin gle matrix
 0   1
ii )  1    1 
   
 1  0 

Sol :
 0   1  0  1   1
1 1    2
      1  1
  
 1  0   1  0   1
 
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Question

I . Write the following as

a sin gle matrix
3 9 0   4 0 2 
iii )    
1 8 2   7 1 4 
Sol :
3 9 0   4 0 2 
1 8 2   7 1 4 
   
3  4 9  0 0  2 
 
1  7 8  1 2  4 
7 9 2 
 
 8 9 2 
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Question

I . Write the following as

a sin gle matrix
 1 2   0 1 
iv)  1 2    1 0 
   
 3 1  2 1 

Sol :  1 2   0 1   1  0 2  1 
 1 2    1 0   1  1 2  0 
    
 
 3 1  2 1   3  2 1  1 

 1 3 
  0 2 
 
 1 0 
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Question

 1 3  2 1  Sol : A B  X
2. If A    ,B   
 4 2  3 5
 x x2   1 3   2 1   x1 x2 
X  1  and A  B  X ,  4 2    3 5   x x4 
 x3 x4       3
then find the values of x1 , x2 , x3 & x4

[ − 1 +2
4+ 3
3 +1
2 −5
= ] [
𝑥1
𝑥3
𝑥2
𝑥4 ]
1 4   x1 x2 
7 3   x x4 
   3

x1  1, x2  4, x3  7, x4  3
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Question

 1 2 3  1 2 5   2 1 2 
3. If A   1 2 4  , B  0 2 2  , C   1 1 2 
     
 2 1 3  1 2 3  2 0 1 
then find A  B  C
 1 2 3  1 2 5   2 1 2 
A B C   1 2 4   0 2 2    1 1 2 
Sol :
     
 2 1 3  1 2 3  2 0 1 

 1  1  2 2  2  1 3  5  2 
  1 0 1 2  2  1 4  2  2
 
 2  1  2 1  2  0 3  3  1 

 2 3 10 
 2 1 8
 
 5 1 1 
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Question

 3 2 1  3 1 0  Sol : X  A  B
4. If A   2 2 0  , B   2 1 3 
     3 2 1  3 1 0 
1 3 1   4 1 2 
X   2 2 0    2 1 3 
and X  A  B then find X    
1 3 1   4 1 2 

 3  3 2  1 1  0 
X   2  2 2  1 0  3 
 
1  4 3  1 1  2 

 0 1 1
X   4 1 3 
 
 5 2 3 
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Question

 x  3 2 y  8  5 2 
5. If  
z  2 6   2 a  4 


then find the values of x, y , z and a

Sol :  x  3 2 y  8  5 2 
z  2   
 6   2 a  4 

x35 2y 8  2 z  2  2 a46
x 8 2 y  10 z  4 a  10
y 5
x  8, y  5, z  4, a  10
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Question

II .
 x  1 2 5  y  1 2 3 
1. If  0 z 1 7   0 4 7 
   
 1 0 a  5  1 0 0 
then find the value of x, y , z and a
Sol :  x  1 2 5  y  1 2 3 
 0 z 1 7   0 4 7 
   
 1 0 a  5  1 0 0 

x 1  1 5 y 3 z 1  4 a 5 0
y2 z 5 a5
x2

x  2, y  2, z  5, a  5
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Question

1 3 5
2. Find the trace of  2 1 5 
 
 2 0 1 

Sol : 1 3 5
 2 1 5  1  1  1  1
Trace of  
 2 0 1 
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Question
4 A  5B
0 1 2   1 2 3 
0 1 2   1 2 3 
3. If A   2 3 4  , B   0 1 0 
     4 2 3 4   5  0 1 0 
 4 5 6   0 0 1    
 4 5 6   0 0 1
find B  A and 4 A  5B.
0 4 8   5 10 15 
 1 2 3   0 1 2 
Sol :   8 12 16    0 5 0 
B  A   0 1 0   2 3 4     
    16 20 24   0 0 5
 0 0 1  4 5 6 
 0  5 4  10 8  15 
 1  0 2  1 3  2 
  8  0 12  5 16  0 
  0  2 1 3 0  4   
  16  0 20  0 24  5
 0  4 0  5 1  6 
 1 1 1   5 6 7 
  2 2 4    8 7 16 
   
 4 5 5  16 20 19 
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Question

1 2 3 3 2 1 
4. If A    ,B    find 3B  2 A
3 2 1  1 2 3

Sol : 3 2 1  1 2 3
3B  2 A  3    2 
1 2 3   3 2 1 

9 6 3   2 4 6 
   
 3 6 9   6 4 2 
9  2 6  4 3  6 
 
 3  6 6  4 9  2 

¿ [ 7
−3
2
2
−3
7 ]
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Example 9. Two factories I and II produce three var ities of pens namely, Gel , Ball and Ink pens.
The sale in rupees of these var ities of pens by both the factories in the month of September and
October in a year are given by the following matrices A and B.
September sales (in Rupees )
Gel Ball Ink
1000 2000 3000  Factory I
A 
5000 3000 1000  Factory II
October sales (in Rupees )
Gel Ball Ink
 500 1000 600  Factory I
B 
 2000 1000 1000  Factory II
(i ) Find the combined sales in Septem ber and October for each factory in each var iety .
(ii ) Find the decrease in sales from September to October.

Sol :
(i ) Combined sales in September and October for each factory in each var iety is given by

Gel Ball Ink

1500 3000 3600  Factory I
A  B  
1000 2000 3000   500 1000 600 

    7000 4000 2000  Factory II
5000 3000 1000   2000 1000 1000   
 MATRICES
Example 9. Two factories I and II produce three var ities of pens namely, Gel , Ball and Ink pens.
The sale in rupees of these var ities of pens by both the factories in the month of September and
October in a year are given by the following matrices A and B.
September sales (in Rupees )
Gel Ball Ink
1000 2000 3000  Factory I
A 
5000 3000 1000  Factory II
October sales (in Rupees )
Gel Ball Ink
 500 1000 600  Factory I
B 
 2000 1000 1000  Factory II
(i ) Find the combined sales in Septem ber and October for each factory in each var iety .
(ii ) Find the decrease in sales from September to October.

Sol : (ii ) Decrease in sales from September to October is given by

Gel Ball Ink

 500 1000 2400  Factory I
A  B  
1000 2000 3000   500 1000 600 
  3000 2000
  
5000 3000 1000   2000 1000 1000   0  Factory II
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Question
1
Example 10. Construct a 3  2 matrix whose elements are defined by aij  i  3 j .
2
 a11 a12 
Sol :
In general a 3  2 matrix is given by A   a21 a22 
 
1  a31 a32 
Given aij  i  3 j .
2
1 1
a11  1  3(1)  2  1 1 1 3
2 2 a32  3  3(2)  3 
1 1 5 2 2 2
a12  1  3(2)  5 
2 2 2  5
1 1 1  1
a21  2  3(1)  1   a11 a12  2
2 2 2    
A  a21 a22 1
1 1    2
a22  2  3(2)  4  2  a31 a32  2 
2 2 
1 1 3
a31  3  3(1)  0 0 0 
2 2  2