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TMA-101
By Dr.Neeraj Dhiman
2 1 3 6 1 2 3 2
(iv) 3 3 1 2 (v) 2 3 5 1
1 1 1 2 1 3 4 5
3 3 4 1 1 0
2 3 4 Ans: 2 3 4
0 1 1 2 3 3
1 1 2 3
1 3 0 3
12. Find the rank by reducing to normal form: Ans: 3
1 2 3 3
1 1 2 3
System of Linear Equations
1. Solve with the help of matrices, the simultaneous equations:
2 x 1 + x 2 + 2 x 3 + x 4 =6, 6 x 1 -6 x 2 + 6 x 3 + 12 x 4 =36 , 4 x 1 + 3 x 2 + 3 x 3 -3 x 4 =-1,
2 x 1 + 2 x 2 - x 3 + x 4 =10 Ans: x 1 =2, x 2 =1 x 3 =-1, x4=3.
2. Using matrix method, show that the equations 3x+3y+2z=1, x+2y=4, 10y+3z=-2 and 2x-3y-z=5
are consistent and hence obtain the solution for x, y and z. Ans: x=2,
y=1and z=-4.
3. Investigate for what values of λ and μ do the system of equations x + y + z=6, x+2y+3z=10,
x+2y+ λ z= μ have (i) No solution (ii) Unique solution (iii) Infinite solutions?
Ans: (i) λ=3, μ≠10 (ii) λ≠3 (iii) λ=3, μ=10.
4. Show that the equations -2x+y+z=a, x-2y+z=b and x+y-2z=c have no solution unless a+ b +
c=0, in which case they have infinitely many solutions. Find these solutions when a=1, b=1,
c=-2. Ans: x=k-1, y=k-1and z=k.
5. Find the values of k for which the system of equations (3k-8) x+3y+3z=0, 3x +
2 11 11
(3k-8) y+3z=0, 3x+3y+ (3k-8) z=0 has a non trivial solution. , Ans: k=
, .
3 3 3
6. Show that the system of equations x + y + z=-3, 3x+y-2z=-2 and 2x+4y+7z=7 is not consistent.
7. Show that the homogeneous system of equations x+ y cos +z cos =0, x cos +y +z
cos =0, x cos +y cos +z=0 has non trivial solution if + + =0.
8. For what value of k, the equations x + y + z=1, 2x+y+4z=k and 4x+y+10z= k 2 have a solution
and solve them completely in each case.
Ans: k=1,k=2.When k=1;x= -3 k 1 ,y=2 k 1 +1,z= k 1 , When k=2;x= 1-3 k 2 ,y=2 k 2 ,z= k 2 .
1 2 1
9. If A= 3 1 2 , find the values of for which the matrix equation AX=O has (i) Unique
0 1
solution (ii) More than one solution. Ans: (i) ≠1 (ii) =1.
10. Apply the matrix method to solve the system of equations: x + 2y - z=3,
3x-y+2z=1, 2x-2y+3z=2 and x - y + z=-1 Ans: Unique solution, x=-1, y=4, z=4
11. Test the consistency and hence solve the following set of equations:
x 1 + 2 x 2 + x 3 =2 , 3 x 1 + x 2 -2 x 3 =1, 4 x 1 -3 x 2 - x 3 =3 , 2 x 1 + 4 x 2 +2 x 3 =4.
Ans: Unique solution x 1 =1, x 2 =0, x 3 =1
12. Verify that the following system of equations is inconsistent:
x + 2y +2 z=1, 2x+y+z=-2 3x+2y+2z=3 and y + z=0
13. Test the consistency of following system of equations:
5x +3y +7z=4, 3x+26y+2z=9 7 x +2y+11z=5. Ans: Consistent
14. Verify that the following set of equations has a non trivial solution:
x+3y-2z=0, 2x-y+4z=0, x-11y+14z=0
15. Verify that the following set of equations always has a non zero solution:
4x +3y - z=0, 3x+4y+z=0 x-y-2z=0 and 5x+ y -4 z=0.
16. Show that the system of equations x + 2y – 2u=0, 2x-y-u=0, x+2z-u=0 and 4x - y +
3z-u=0 do not have a non trivial solution.
17. Test the consistency of following system of linear equations and hence find the solution:4 x 1 -
x 2 =12, - x 1 +5 x 2 -2 x 3 =0, 2 x 1 +4 x 3 =-8
44 4 32
Ans: Unique solution, x 1 = , x 2 = , x3 =
15 15 15
1. Find the eigen values and corresponding eigen vectors of the following matrices:
8 6 2 6 2 2 3 1 4
(i) 6 7 4 (ii) 2 3 1 (iii) 0 2 6
2 4 3 2 1 3 0 0 5
1 2 2 2 1 1
1 1 3
Ans:(i)0,3,15 2 , 1 2 (ii)2,2,8 k1 2 + k 2 0 ,
1 (iii)3,2,5 0 , 1 , 2
2 2 1 1 0 2
0 0 1
2 1 1
2. Verify Cayley Hamilton Theorem for the matrix A= 1 2 1 .
1 1 2
3 1 1
1
Hence compute A-1. Ans:
4
1 3 1
1 1 3
2 1 1
3. Find the characteristic equation of the matrix A= 0 1 0 and hence compute A 1 .Also find
1 1 2
the matrix represented by A 8 -5 A 7 +7 A 6 -3 A 5 + A 4 -5 A 3 +8 A 2
2 1 1 8 5 5
3 2 1 1
-2A+I. Ans: -5 +7 -3=0, A = 0 3 0 , 0 3 0
3
1 1 2 5 5 8
1 2 1
4. Given A = 0 1 1 , find adjA by Cayley Hamilton Theorem.
3 1 1
0 1 1
Ans: 3 4 1 .
3 7 1
2 1 1
5. Find Characteristic equation of A = 1 2 1 and verify that it is satisfied by A and hence
1 2 2
2 0 1
1
1 3 1 .
3 2
obtain A-1. Ans: -6 +8 -3=0, A-1=
3
0 3 3
1 2 3 3 4 1
6. Verify Cayley Hamilton theorem for the matrix (i) 2 4 2 .(ii) 2 1 6
1 1 2 1 4 7
4 3 1
7. Using Cayley Hamilton theorem, find the inverse of 2 1 2 .
1 2 1
5 1 7
1
Ans: 4 3 10
11
3 5 2
2 1 1
8. Prove that for the matrix A= 2 3 4 , all its eigen values are distinct and real. Hence
1 1 2
1 0 2
find corresponding eigen vectors. Ans: λ =1,-1,3; 1 , 1 , 3
0 1 1
3 10 5
9. Show that the matrix 2 3 4 has less than 3 linearly independent eigen vectors. Also
3 5 7
1 5
find them. Ans: =2, 2, 3.For =3, X1= 1 , For =2, X2= 2
2 5
10. Show that the matrix A has repeated eigen values. Also find the corresponding eigen vectors,
2 0 2 1 1
where A= 1 3 1 Ans: =2, 2, 4; 1 , 0
1 1 3 0 1
1 1 2
11. Reduce the matrix A= 0 2 1 to diagonal form by similarity transformation. Hence
0 0 3
1 0 0 1 7 32
3 3
find A . Ans: D = 0 2 0 , A = 0 8 19
0 0 3 0 0 27
1 2 2 1 0 0
12. Reduce the matrix A= 1 2 1 to diagonal form. Ans: 0 5 0
1
1 0 0
0 5
13. Define the eigen values and eigen vectors of a matrix. Find the Eigen values and eigen vectors
1 3 5
of the matrix: 3 5 1
5 1 3
4 0 1
14. State and prove Cayley Hamilton theorem. Hence, find A 1
where A is 0 1 2 .
1 0 1
2 i 3 1 3i
1. If A=
5 i 4 2 i , verify that A A is a Hermition matrix where A is the conjugate
transpose of A.
i i 2 2 2 2
2. Show that the matrix is unitary if and only if =1.
i i
0 1 2i
3. If N= , obtain the matrix I N I N 1 and show that it is unitary.
1 2 i 0
3 5 2 i 3
4. If H= 5 2 i 7 4 i , show that H is a Hermition matrix. Verify that iH is a skew
3 4i 5
Hermition matrix.
1i 1i
2 has eigen values with unit modulus.
5. Verify that the matrix A= 2
1 i 1 i
2 2
6. If A is any square matrix, prove that A+A*, A A*,A*A are Hermition and A-A* is skew
Hermition.
7. Prove the following:
a) The characteristic roots of a unitary matrix are of unit modulus.
b) Latent roots of a Hermition matrix are all real.
c) The characteristic root of a skew Hermition matrix is either zero or a purely imaginary
number.
8. If be an eigen value of a non singular matrix A, show that
a) 1 is an eigen value of A-1.
A
b) is an eigen value of adjA.
9. Show that the sum of eigen values of a square matrix is equal to the sum of the elements of
its principal diagonal.
10. Show that the product of eigen values of a square matrix A is equal to detA.
11. Prove that every eigen vector corresponds to a eigen value.
8 4 1
1
12. Prove that the following matrix is orthogonal: 1 4 8 .
9
4 7 4