Exercise 4.

4 (Solutions)
mathcity.org Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 1.0.0

{ Question # 1
(i) Let x be a cube root of 8 then
1
x  (8)3  x3  8 Review:
1  3
 x3 8  0  (x )3  (2)3  0 
2
 (x  2)(x 2  2x  4)  0 1  3
2 
 x 2  0 or x 2  2x  4  0 2

2  (2)2  4(1)(4)
 x 2 or x
2(1)
2  4  16 2  12
 
2 2
2  2 3  1  3 
  2  
2  2 
 1  3   1  3 
 x  2   or x  2  
 2   2 
 x  2 or x  2 2
Hence cube root of 8 are 2,2 and 2 2 .
(ii) Hint
Considering x as a cube root of 8 and Solving as above you will get the following
values of x
2  2 3 2  2 3
x  2 , x  , x
2 2
 1  3   1  3 
 x  2   , x  2  
 2   2 
 x  2 2 , x  2
Hence cube root of 8 are 2,  2 and 2 2 .

(iii) Do yourself as (iv) below.

(iv) Let x be a cube root of 27 then
1
x  (27)3  x 3  27
 x 3  27  0  (x )3  (3)3  0
 (x  3)(x 2  3x  9)  0
 x 3 0 or x 2  3x  9  0
3  (3)2  4(1)(9)
 x  3 or x
2(1)
3  9  36 3  27 3  3 3
  
2 2 2
3  3 3 3  3 3
 x or x 
2 2
FSC-I - 4.4 - 2
 1  3   1  3 
 x  3   or x  3  
 2   2 
 x  3 2 or x   3
Hence cube root of 27 are 3,  3 and 3 2 .

(v) Let x be a cube root of 64 then

1
x  (64)3  x 3  64
 x 3  64  0  (x )3  (4)3  0
 (x  4)(x 2  4x  16)  0
 x 4  0 or x 2  4x  16  0
4  (4)2  4(1)(16)
 x 4 or x
2(1)
4  16  64 4  48
 
2 2
4  4 3
 Q 48  16  3
2
4  4 3 4  4 3
 x or x 
2 2
 1  3  1  3 
 x  4   or x  4  
 2   2 
 x  4 or x  4 2
Hence cube root of 64 are 4, 4 and 4 2 .

{ Question # 2
1     2   1    w 2  2w 2 
8 8
(i)
 0  2w 2 
8
Q 1    2  0
 (2)8 (w 2 )8  256 16
 256 15    256  3   
5

 256 1    256  Q 3  1

5
Answer

(ii)  28  w 29  1   27     27   2  1
  3       3    2  1
9 9

 1    1   2  1 Q 3  1
9 9

   2  1
 0 Answer Q 1    2  0

(iii) 1     2 1     2 
 1     2  2 2 1     2  2  Q 1    2  0
 0  2 2 0  2   2 2 2 
 4  3  4(1) = 4 Answer Q 3  1

Made By: Atiq ur Rehman (mathcity@gmail.com), http://www.mathcity.org

 FSC-I - 4.4 - 3
1  3 7 1  3 7 1  3
(iv)      Q 
 2   2  2
  7  ( 2 )7 1  3
2 
  7  14 2
  6    12   2   3      3    2
3 4

 13    14   2
   2  1 Answer Q 1    2  0

1  3   1  3 
5 5
(v)
 1  3 5  1  3 5 1  3
 2    2   Q 
 2   2  2
1  3
 2   5  2   2 
5
2 
2
 32  5  32 10  32  3   2  32  9  1

Q  9   3   (1)3  1
3
 32(1)   2  32(1)  
 32(   2 )
 32(1)  32 Q 1    2  0

{ Question # 3
(i) R.H.S= x  y x  y x   2y 
= x  y  x x   2y   y x   2y 
 
= x  y  x   xy  xy   y 
2 2 3 2

= x  y  x 2   2    xy  (1)y 2  Q 3  1
 
= x  y  x  1 xy  y 
2 2
Q 1    2  0
= x  y  x 2  xy  y 2      2  1
=x 3  y 3  L.H.S
(ii) R.H.S= x  y  z x  y   2z x   2y  z 
= x  y  z [x 2   2xy  xz  xy   3y 2   2yz
 2xz   4yz   3z 2 ]
= x  y  z [x 2  ( 2  )xy  (   2 )xz  ( 2   4 )yz
 3y 2   3z 2 ]
= x  y  z [x 2  (1)xy  (1)xz  ( 2  )yz (1)y 2  (1)z 2 ]
Q  4   &    2  1
= x  y  z [x 2  y 2  z 2  xy  (1)yz  xz ]
= x  y  z [x 2  y 2  z 2  xy  yz  xz ]
 x 3  y 3  z 3  3xyz  L.H.S
(iii) L.H.S= (1  )(1   2 )(1   4 )(1   8 )............2n factors
 [(1  )(1   2 )][(1   4 )(1   8 )]............ n factors
 [(1  )(1   2 )][(1   3  )(1   6   2 )]............ n factors
 [(1  )(1   2 )][(1   3  )(1  ( 3 )2   2 )]............ n factors
FSC-I - 4.4 - 4
 [(1  )(1   2 )][(1  1  )(1  (1)2   2 )]............ n factors
 [(1  )(1   2 )][(1  )(1   2 )]............ n factors
n n
 (1  )(1   2 )  1     2   3 
  0  1n Q 1    2  0 ,  3  1
 1n  1  R.H.S
{ Question # 4 (i)
Let x 2  x  1  0 ...........(i )
Since  is root of (i ) therefore
 2    1  0...........(ii )
To prove  2 is root of (i )
 2 
2
Consider   2  1   4  2 2  1   2
  2  1   2   2  1    2  1   
2

 0   2  1    from (i )

 2 
2
   2  1  0 ...........(iii )
  2 is the root of the equation (i ) .
Now subtracting (ii ) from (iii )
 2 
2
 2 1  0
2    1  0
  
 4
 0
   3  1  0
 3  1  0 as 0

 3  1

{ Question # 5
Let x be a cube root of 1 then
1
x  (1)3  x 3  1
 x3 1  0  (x )3  (1)3  0
 (x  1)(x 2  x  1)  0
 x 1  0 or x2  x  1  0
(1)  (1)2  4(1)(1)
 x  1 or x
2(1)
1  1 4 1  3
 
2 2
1  3 1  3
 x or x 
2 2
1  3i 1  3i
 x or x 
2 2
1  3i 1  3i
Hence complex cube root of 1 are and .
2 2
 FSC-I - 4.4 - 5

{ Question # 6
Since 2 and 2 2 are roots of required equation, therefore
x  2  x  2 2   0
 x 2  2x  2 2x  4 3  0
 x 2  2x (   2 )  4(1)  0 Q 3  1
 x 2  2x (1)  4  0 Q 1    2  0
 x 2  2x  4  0
is the required equation.
{ Question # 7
(i) Let x be a fourth root of 16 then
1
x (16)4  x 4  16

x 2 
2
 x 4  16  0   (4)2  0
 x 2  4x 2  4  0
 x2  4  0 or x2  4  0
 x 2  4 or x2  4
 x   4 or x  4
 x  2i or x  2
Hence the four fourth root of 16 are 2,  2, 2i ,  2i .

(ii) Do yourself as above. Hint: 81  (9)2

(iii) Let x be a fourth root of 625 then
1
x (625)4  x 4  625

x 2 
2
 x 4  625  0   (25)2  0
 x 2  25x 2  25  0
 x 2  25  0 or x 2  25  0
 x 2  25 or x 2  25
 x   25 or x   25
 x  5i or x  5
Hence the four fourth root of 625 are 5,  5, 5i ,  5i .

Question # 8
(i) 2x 4  32  0
 2(x 4  16)  0  x 4  16  0
Now do you as in Question # 7 (i)
(ii) 3y 5  243y  0
 3y y 4  81  0
 3y  0 or y 4  81  0
FSC-I - 4.4 - 6

y 2   (9)2  0
2
 y0 or
 y 2  9y 2  9  0
 y2  9  0 or y2  9  0
 y 2  9 or y2  9
 y   9 or y 9
 y  3i or y  3


Hence S.Set  0, 3,  3i 
(iii) x3  x2  x  1  0
 x 2 x  1  1(x  1)  0
 (x  1)(x 2  1)  0
 x 1  0 or x2 1  0
 x  1 or x 2  1  x  i
Hence S.Set  1, i 
(iv) 5x 5  5x  0
 5x (x 4  1)  0
 5x  0 or x4 1  0

x 2   (1)2  0
2
 x 0 or
 x 2  1x 2  1  0
 x2  1  0 or x2 1  0
 x 2  1 or x2  1
 x  i or x  1


Hence S.Set  0, 1, i 

Error Analyst

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