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Racionalización de denominadores
Casos: raíz cuadrada, raíces de índice mayor que dos y racionalización de un
binomio mediante el conjugado.

1. Raíz cuadrada en el denominador

3 3 2 3 2 3 2
a) = × = =
2 2 2 4 2
2 2 3 2 3 2 3
b) = × = =
3 3 3 32 3
2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 33 4 2 × 33 4 2 × 33 4 2 × 33 4 54
c) 4 = = = × = = = =
3 3 4 3 4 3 4 33 4 3 × 33 4 4
3 3 3
3 3 2 - x 3× 2 - x 3× 2 - x 3× 2 - x
d) = × = = =
2- x 2- x 2- x (2 - x )2 (2 - x ) 2- x

2- x 2- x 2+ x (2 - x ) × (2 + x ) (2 - x ) × (2 + x ) (2)2 - (x )2 4 - x2
e) = × = = = =
2+ x 2+ x 2+ x (2 + x )2 (2 + x ) (2 + x ) 2+ x

6 2 2 5 xy 2 × 5 xy 2 × 5 xy
f) = = × = =
3 5 xy 5 xy 5 xy 5 xy ( 5 xy )
2
5 xy
xy xy pq xy × pq pqxy pqxy
g) = × = = = =
5 × pq 5 × pq pq 5 pq × pq 5× ( pq )2
5 pq

2 xy 2 xy 3y 2 xy × 3 y 2 3xy 2 2 y × 3x 2 × 3x
h) = × = = = =
3 3y 3 3y 3y 3 (3 y )
2 3 × 3y 9y 9
a a a a× a a× a a× a
i) = × = = = = a
a a a a× a a
2
a ( )

2. Raíz de índice mayor que dos en el denominador

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j)
2 2 3 32
=3 × =
2 × 3 32
=
6
2 3 × 6 32 ( ) 2

=
6
23 × 34 6 8 × 81 6 648
= =
3
3 3 3 32 3 3
3 3 3 3 3
1 1 4
x2 y3 4
x2 y3 4
x2 y3 4
x2 y3 4
x2 y3
k) = × = = = =
4
x2 y 4
x2 y 4
x2 y3 4
x 2 yx 2 y 3 4
x4 y4 4
(xy )4 xy
5
6x 6x a 4b 3 x 2 6 x × 5 a 4b 3 x 2 6 x × 5 a 4b 3 x 2 6 x × 5 a 4b 3 x 2 6 × 5 a 4b 3 x 2
l) = × = = = =
5
ab 2 x 3 5
ab 2 x 3 5
a 4b 3 x 2 (abx)5
5
a 5b 5 x 5 5 abx ab

3x + y ) 6 (x - y ) (3x + y ) × 6 (x - y )4 (3x + y ) × 3 (x - y )2
4

m)
3x + y
=
( × = = =
6
(x - y )2 6 (x - y )2 6 (x - y )4 6
(x - y )6 x- y
6 (x + y ) 3 × 6 (x + y ) 3 × 6 x + y
3 3
n) = × = =
6
(x + y )5 6 (x + y )5 6 (x + y ) 6 (x + y )6 x+ y

3x - 2 y (3x - 2 y ) 7 36 x 5 y 3 (3x - 2 y ) × 7 36 x 5 y 3 (3x - 2 y ) × 7 36 x 5 y 3 (3x - 2 y ) × 7 36 x 5 y 3

o) = × = = =
7
3x 2 y 4 7
3x 2 y 4 7 36 x 5 y 3 7 7 7 7
3 x y 7
(3xy )7 3xy

a a 3 a2 a × 3 a2 a × 3 a2 a × 3 a2 3 2
p) = × = = = = a
3
a 3 a 3 a2 3 a × 3 a2 3
a3 a
3
a aa a×3 a a×3 a a×3 a 3
q) = ×3 = = = = a
3
a2 3 a2 a 3 a 2 × 3 a 3 a3 a
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3. Racionalizar un binomio con una o dos raíces cuadradas: conjugado

1
=
1 (
×
2+ 3 )= ( 2+ 3 ) =
(
) =( 2+ 3 2+ 3
=
)
2- 3 ( 2- 3) ( 2+ 3) ( 2- 3 × )( 2+ 3 ) æç ( 2 ) - ( 3 ) ö÷ 2 2
2-3
r) è ø
(
2+ 3 ) (
=- 2+ 3 =- 2- 3 )
-1
2
=
2
×
3+ 5
=
(
2 × 3+ 5
=
)
2 × 3+ ( ) ( 5 )
=
2 × 3+ 5
=
( )
3- 5 3- 5 3+ 5 ( )(
3 - 5 × 3 + 5 æç 32 - 5) ( )( ) ( ) 2
ö÷ 9-5
s) è ø

=
(=
)
2 × 3 + 5 3 × 2 + 2 × 5 3 × 2 + 10
=
4 4 4
3-2
=
( ) (
3 -2 2-2 3
× =
3 -2 × 2-2 3
=
) (
3 -2 × 2-2 3 )( =
) ( )( ) ( 3 - 2)× (2 - 2 3 ) =
2+2 3 (
2+2 3 2-2 3)( 2+2 3 × 2-2 3 ) ( )(
æç (2)2 - 2 3 2 ö÷ ) ( ) 4 - æç 2 ( 3 ) ö÷ 2 2

è ø è ø

t) =
( 3 - 2)× (2 - 2 3 ) = 2 × 3 - 2 × 3 × 3 - 2 × 2 + 4 × 3 2 × 3 - 2 × 32 - 4 + 4 × 3 6 × 3 - 2 × 3 - 4
= = =
4 - (4 × 3) 4 - 12 -8 -8
6 × 3 - 6 - 4 6 × 3 - 10 2 × 3 × 3 - 5
= = = =
( =
) (
3 × 3 - 5 - 1× - 3 × 3 + 5
=
)
- 3× 3 + 5 + 5 - 3× 3
=
( ) ( )
-8 -8 - 4×2 -4 -4 4 4
x
=
x
×
( ) ( ) ( )(
2+ x
=
x × 2+ x
=
x × 2+ x
=
) ( )( ) (
2× x + x × x
=
)
2- x 2- x 2+ x ( ) ( ) ( )(
2- x × 2+ x æç 2 2 - x ö÷
2
)
(4 - x )
( )
u) è ø
(2 × x+ x ) (2 × x + x ) 2 × x + x
2
= =
(4 - x ) (4 - x ) 4- x
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2- 3 2- 3 2- 3
= × =
( 2- 3 )(
=
2- 3
=
2- 3 ) ( )
=
2- 3 ( ) 2 2
( ) (
2
) = (2 - 3 ) =
2
2

v) 2 + 3 2 + 3 2 - 3 ( )(
2 + 3 × 2 - 3 æç 2 2 - 3 ö÷
2
) ( )( )
(4 - 3) 1 ( )
è ø
22 - 2 × 2 × 3 + ( 3) = 4 - 4 ×
2
3 + 3 = 7 - 4× 3

3 2+2 3 3 2+2 3 3 2+2 3

= ×
( =
3 2+2 3
=
)(3 2+2 3
=
) ( )
2
( )
2

(
3 2 -2 3 3 2 -2 3 3 2 +2 3 )(
3 2 - 2 3 × 3 2 + 2 3 æç 3 2 2 - 2 3 2 ö÷ ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
è ø

w)
(3 2 ) + 2 × 3 2 × 2 3 + (2 3 )
2 2

=
9 × 2 + 12 × 6 + 4 × 3 18 + 12 × 6 + 12 30 + 12 × 6
= = =
3 × ( 2 ) - 2 ( 3) 9×2 - 4×3 18 - 12
2 2
2 2 6
6 × (5 + 2 × 6 )
= 5+ 2× 6
6
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